The reliability of sensing fatigue from neurophysiology

To date no-study has tested the reproducibility of electroencephalography (EEG) changes that occur during driver fatigue. For the EEG changes to be useful in the development of a fatigue sensing and countermeasure device the EEG response during each onset period of fatigue in individuals needs to be reproducible. The aim of the present study was to investigate the reproducibility of the EEG changes during fatigue in professional drivers in order to identify the feasibility of the EEG measure for a fatigue sensor. Twenty professional drivers were assessed during two separate sessions of a driver simulator task

Навыки и требования к обучению с целью обеспечения будущего транспортного сектора Европы

More than 10 million people are directly employed by the transport industry in Europe, accounting for 4.5 % of total employment and representing 4.6 % of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This fact, combined with the rapid developments and changes of the sector, makes imperative the need to create, attract and retain appropriate staff. As the overall trend is to increase automation, the sector will depend more and more on specialised equipment and products. Future jobs will therefore require new and advanced skills in engineering as well as in back office operations, but at the same time, the growing interdisciplinary elements of transport activities will also require transport professionals with developed skills in safety, security, logistics, IT, behavioural sciences, marketing and economics. The European Research project SKILLFUL has developed a structured foresight into the vocational and academic qualifications in the Transportation sector of the future and has proposed training schemes and their supportive business models that could ideally be adopted European-wide, to enhance employability and sustainable industrial development in the transportation sector in Europe. The identification of future requirements constituted the basis of the project. The impact of new technologies and game changers, as well as emphasis on intermodality and interdisciplinarity on employability and future worker skills, have led to the development of relevant scenarios on future jobs knowledge and skills requirements, regarding the road transport in Europe. This has led to the identification and design of proper and specific curricula for training (with emphasis on middle-skilled professionals and lifelong learning), while also to the introduction of six novel concepts of business actors, expected to facilitate the training process and enhance the transport-education chain. The project goes a step beyond by addressing also critical issues towards a PanEuropean master curriculum on transport.В Европе более 10 миллионов человек заняты непосредственно в транспортной отрасли, что составляет 4,5 % от общей занятости (4,6 % валового внутреннего продукта (ВВП)). Эта статистика в сочетании с быстрым развитием и изменениями в данном секторе экономики предполагает необходимость обучения, привлечения и сохранения квалифицированного персонала. Поскольку общая тенденция заключается в увеличении процесса автоматизации, данное направление экономики будет все больше зависеть от специализированного оборудования и приспособлений. Поэтому на новых рабочих местах потребуются новые квалификации и навыки, передовые технологии в осуществлении инженерно-технических работ, а также в ведении технической документации; в то же время усиление роли междисциплинарных элементов транспортной деятельности также потребует привлечения профессионалов в области транспорта, обладающих высоким уровнем знаний и навыков в сфере безопасности, охраны, логистики, информационных технологий, бихевиористики, маркетинга и экономики. В рамках реализации Европейского научно-исследовательского проекта SKILLFUL был выработан структурированный прогноз будущих профессиональных и академических квалификаций в секторе транспорта, а также предложены схемы обучения и поддерживающие их бизнес-модели, которые идеально подходят и могут быть приняты в масштабе всей Европы. Это должно повысить возможности трудоустройства и обеспечить устойчивое развитие транспортного сектора в Европе. Определение новых требований и легло в основу данного проекта. Влияние новых технологий и наличие решающих факторов, которые кардинально меняют ситуацию в сфере транспорта, выдвижение в категорию приоритетных интермодальности и междисциплинарности в вопросах трудоустройства и развития в будущем новых навыков привели к разработке соответствующих сценариев с целью формирования новых знаний и навыков для новых рабочих мест в сфере автомобильного транспорта в Европе. В связи с этим определены и разработаны надлежащие специальные учебные программы (особое внимание уделено подготовке специалистов среднего звена, вопросам организации образования через всю жизнь), а также внедрению шести новых концепций бизнес-акторов, что должно способствовать организации учебного процесса и продвижению транспортно-образовательной сети. Рассматриваемый проект выходит за рамки своих специфических задач, решая при этом и важнейшие вопросы, которые связаны с общеевропейской основной учебной программой по транспорту

The connection between the peaks in velocity dispersion and star-forming clumps of turbulent galaxies

We present Keck/OSIRIS adaptive optics observations with 150-400 pc spatial sampling of 7 turbulent, clumpy disc galaxies from the DYNAMO sample ($0.07<z<0.2$). DYNAMO galaxies have previously been shown to be well matched in properties to main sequence galaxies at $z\sim1.5$. Integral field spectroscopy observations using adaptive optics are subject to a number of systematics including a variable PSF and spatial sampling, which we account for in our analysis. We present gas velocity dispersion maps corrected for these effects, and confirm that DYNAMO galaxies do have high gas velocity dispersion ($\sigma=40-80$\kms), even at high spatial sampling. We find statistically significant structure in 6 out of 7 galaxies. The most common distance between the peaks in velocity dispersion and emission line peaks is $\sim0.5$~kpc, we note this is very similar to the average size of a clump measured with HST H$\alpha$ maps. This could suggest that the peaks in velocity dispersion in clumpy galaxies likely arise due to some interaction between the clump and the surrounding ISM of the galaxy, though our observations cannot distinguish between outflows, inflows or velocity shear. Observations covering a wider area of the galaxies will be needed to confirm this result.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRA

Risk analysis of innovative maritime transport solutions using the extended failure mode and effects analysis fmea methodology

This paper presents a validated set of innovative maritime solutions&nbsp;analyzing, based on the extended"br" Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) methodology, the main risks that could potentially hinder or delay"br" their implementation, thus providing a set of appropriate strategies and measures that can be adopted for"br" mitigating those risks. Document type: Part of book or chapter of boo

Business cases, potential new functions and technology implementation plan

D5.3.1: Business cases, and potential new functions has been renamed within D5.3.1 as follows: ‘Business cases, and potential new functions and Technology Implementation Plan’ - to include also the Technology Implementation Plan, planned in the DoW as the main outcome from T5.3.1 Exploitable Result Cases. This Deliverable includes references to the main activities to be performed in WP 5.3 Facilitation of Exploitation and has strong links to other Work packages and Sub Projects activities

An ontology-driven multisensorial platform to enable unobtrusive human monitoring and independent living

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WALLABY – an SKA Pathfinder H i survey

The Widefield ASKAP L-band Legacy All-sky Blind surveY (wallaby) is a next-generation survey of neutral hydrogen (H i) in the Local Universe. It uses the widefield, high-resolution capability of the Australian Square Kilometer Array Pathfinder (ASKAP), a radio interferometer consisting of 36 × 12 -m dishes equipped with Phased-Array Feeds (PAFs), located in an extremely radio-quiet zone in Western Australia. wallaby aims to survey three-quarters of the sky (− 90 ∘\u3c δ\u3c + 30 ∘) to a redshift of z≲ 0.26 , and generate spectral line image cubes at ∼30 arcsec resolution and ∼1.6 mJy beam−1 per 4 km s−1 channel sensitivity. ASKAP’s instantaneous field of view at 1.4 GHz, delivered by the PAF’s 36 beams, is about 30 sq deg. At an integrated signal-to-noise ratio of five, wallaby is expected to detect around half a million galaxies with a mean redshift of z∼ 0.05 (∼200 Mpc). The scientific goals of wallaby include: (a) a census of gas-rich galaxies in the vicinity of the Local Group; (b) a study of the H i properties of galaxies, groups and clusters, in particular the influence of the environment on galaxy evolution; and (c) the refinement of cosmological parameters using the spatial and redshift distribution of low-bias gas-rich galaxies. For context we provide an overview of recent and planned large-scale H i surveys. Combined with existing and new multi-wavelength sky surveys, wallaby will enable an exciting new generation of panchromatic studies of the Local Universe. — First results from the wallaby pilot survey are revealed, with initial data products publicly available in the CSIRO ASKAP Science Data Archive (CASDA)

Chemokine Binding Protein M3 of Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 Modulates the Host Response to Infection in a Natural Host

Murine γ-herpesvirus 68 (MHV-68) infection of Mus musculus-derived strains of mice is an attractive model of γ-herpesvirus infection. Surprisingly, however, ablation of expression of MHV-68 M3, a secreted protein with broad chemokine-binding properties in vitro, has no discernable effect during experimental infection via the respiratory tract. Here we demonstrate that M3 indeed contributes significantly to MHV-68 infection, but only in the context of a natural host, the wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus). Specifically, M3 was essential for two features unique to the wood mouse: virus-dependent inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) in the lung and highly organized secondary follicles in the spleen, both predominant sites of latency in these organs. Consequently, lack of M3 resulted in substantially reduced latency in the spleen and lung. In the absence of M3, splenic germinal centers appeared as previously described for MHV-68-infected laboratory strains of mice, further evidence that M3 is not fully functional in the established model host. Finally, analyses of M3's influence on chemokine and cytokine levels within the lungs of infected wood mice were consistent with the known chemokine-binding profile of M3, and revealed additional influences that provide further insight into its role in MHV-68 biology

Destruction of Lymphoid Organ Architecture and Hepatitis Caused by CD4+ T Cells

Immune responses have the important function of host defense and protection against pathogens. However, the immune response also causes inflammation and host tissue injury, termed immunopathology. For example, hepatitis B and C virus infection in humans cause immunopathological sequel with destruction of liver cells by the host's own immune response. Similarly, after infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) in mice, the adaptive immune response causes liver cell damage, choriomeningitis and destruction of lymphoid organ architecture. The immunopathological sequel during LCMV infection has been attributed to cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. However, we now show that during LCMV infection CD4+ T cells selectively induced the destruction of splenic marginal zone and caused liver cell damage with elevated serum alanin-transferase (ALT) levels. The destruction of the splenic marginal zone by CD4+ T cells included the reduction of marginal zone B cells, marginal zone macrophages and marginal zone metallophilic macrophages. Functionally, this resulted in an impaired production of neutralizing antibodies against LCMV. Furthermore, CD4+ T cells reduced B cells with an IgMhighIgDlow phenotype (transitional stage 1 and 2, marginal zone B cells), whereas other B cell subtypes such as follicular type 1 and 2 and germinal center/memory B cells were not affected. Adoptive transfer of CD4+ T cells lacking different important effector cytokines and cytolytic pathways such as IFNγ, TNFα, perforin and Fas-FasL interaction did reveal that these cytolytic pathways are redundant in the induction of immunopathological sequel in spleen. In conclusion, our results define an important role of CD4+ T cells in the induction of immunopathology in liver and spleen. This includes the CD4+ T cell mediated destruction of the splenic marginal zone with consecutively impaired protective neutralizing antibody responses