31 research outputs found
Dancing in Virtual Reality
This creative project serves to explore the fields of choreography, lighting and music design, and virtual reality technology to create a performance piece. There is a growing surge of advances in virtual reality technology, and in order to keep the field of dance innovative and the discussion between the worlds of dance and technology relevant, we are interested in merging the two in a collaborative work. It is important to continue to present dance to audiences using different means to help achieve an experience for the audience and explore creative options in our own choreography. The overall goal of this research is to create an interesting modern dance performance that incorporates virtual reality technology. Our end result will be accomplished by dividing the work into three separate parts. Each team member will then focus on their area of the project. The first area is the dance choreography which will be entirely in a modern dance vernacular. The second aspect is the lighting and music design. The music will be chosen to set the mood of the piece, and the lighting will have to be enough to light the dancer, yet not over power the projections on the screen. The third aspect is the virtual reality aspect. The technology has been designed by the visualization department in collaboration with the dancers. The combination of these three aspects will form a performance piece that will be presented to audiences of various backgrounds.
Finite element simulation of magnetohydrodynamic convective nanofluid slip flow in porous media with nonlinear radiation
A numerical investigation of two dimensional steady state laminar boundary layer flow of a viscous electrically-conducting nanofluid in the vicinity of a stretching ∕ shrinking porous flat plate located in a Darcian porous medium is performed. The nonlinear Rosseland radiation effect is taken into account. Velocity slip and thermal slip at the boundary as well as the newly developed zero mass flux boundary conditions are also implemented to achieve physically applicable results. The governing transport equations are reduced to a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations using appropriate similarity transformations and these are then solved numerically using a variational finite element method (FEM). The influence of the governing parameters (Darcy number, magnetic field, velocity and thermal slip, temperature ratio, transpiration, Brownian motion, thermophoresis, Lewis number and Reynolds number) on the dimensionless velocity, temperature, nanoparticle volume fraction as well as on the skin friction, the heat transfer rates and the mass transfer rates are examined and illustrated in detail. The FEM code is validated with earlier studies for non-magnetic non-slip flow demonstrating close correlation. The present study is relevant to high-temperature nano-materials processing operations
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Physical controls on hydrate saturation distribution in the subsurface
textMany Arctic gas hydrate reservoirs such as those of the Prudhoe Bay and Kuparuk River area on the Alaska North Slope (ANS) are believed originally to be natural gas accumulations converted to hydrate after being placed in the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) in response to ancient climate cooling. A mechanistic model is proposed to predict/explain hydrate saturation distribution in “converted free gas” hydrate reservoirs in sub-permafrost formations in the Arctic. This 1-D model assumes that a gas column accumulates and subsequently is converted to hydrate. The processes considered are the volume change during hydrate formation and consequent fluid phase transport within the column, the descent of the base of gas hydrate stability zone through the column, and sedimentological variations with depth. Crucially, the latter enable disconnection of the gas column during hydrate formation, which leads to substantial variation in hydrate saturation distribution. One form of variation observed in Arctic hydrate reservoirs is that zones of very low hydrate saturations are interspersed abruptly between zones of large hydrate saturations. The model was applied on data from Mount Elbert well, a gas hydrate stratigraphic test well drilled in the Milne Point area of the ANS. The model is consistent with observations from the well log and interpretations of seismic anomalies in the area. The model also predicts that a considerable amount of fluid (of order one pore volume of gaseous and/or aqueous phases) must migrate within or into the gas column during hydrate formation. This work offers the first explanatory model of its kind that addresses "converted free gas reservoirs" from a new angle: the effect of volume change during hydrate formation combined with capillary entry pressure variation versus depth.
Mechanisms by which the fluid movement, associated with the hydrate formation, could have occurred are also analyzed. As the base of the GHSZ descends through the sediment, hydrate forms within the GHSZ. The net volume reduction associated with hydrate formation creates a “sink” which drives flow of gaseous and aqueous phases to the hydrate formation zone. Flow driven by saturation gradients plays a key role in creating reservoirs of large hydrate saturations, as observed in Mount Elbert. Viscous-dominated pressure-driven flow of gaseous and aqueous phases cannot explain large hydrate saturations originated from large-saturation gas accumulations. The mode of hydrate formation for a wide range of rate of hydrate formation, rate of descent of the BGHSZ and host sediments characteristics are analyzed and characterized based on dimensionless groups. The proposed transport model is also consistent with field data from hydrate-bearing sand units in Mount Elbert well. Results show that not only the petrophysical properties of the host sediment but also the rate of hydrate formation and the rate of temperature cooling at the surface contribute greatly to the final hydrate saturation profiles.Petroleum and Geosystems Engineerin
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Infinite-Acting Physically Representative Networks for Capillarity-Controlled Displacements
When immiscible fluids coexist in the pore space of granular materials, their configuration is determined by capillarity at the pore scale in many applications. In turn, macroscopic properties such as relative permeability and electrical resistivity are strongly affected by fluid configuration. For example, disconnection of a fluid phase during displacement causes the phenomenon of residual phase saturations and changes the topology of a fluid phase. These changes have a profound influence on macroscopic properties associated with the phase. A rough measure of the fluid configuration is phase saturation, and drainage and imbibition capillary curves are the tools to describe the phase saturation as a function of capillary pressure. These curves also considerably influence several processes of environmental interest. An increasingly important example is the explanation of methane hydrate deposits in sediments below permafrost or below the seabed. The mechanism by which hydrates form is not fully understood and it would be valuable to be able to examine the drainage of gas (such as methane) into the hydrate stability zone (from a presumed accumulation below the zone) and the subsequent interaction between gas and residual brine. Predictive models of drainage and imbibition (which are the substantial phenomena of fluid configuration in pore scale) are thus of great utility in subsurface science and engineering. Drainage and imbibition models and simulations have increased their fidelity in recent years but remain prone to some deficiencies. One very important issue in drainage and imbibition modeling is the scale dependency of the simulation results. The residual phase saturations are especially affected by this scale dependency. The scale in which pore network modeling simulations are conducted is very minute compared to the real scale that fluid experiences in reservoir. This huge difference in length scale shows itself through boundary effects in the simulations. In fact, once the fluid enters the model porous media it experiences the boundaries considerably sooner than when it reaches the boundaries in a reservoir scale. The premise of this research is that reservoirs act the same way that infinite (boundary-less) media behave in pore scale modeling. Therefore, if we could model the porous media in a way that the fluid does not experience any boundary we would be able to remove the artifacts of finite networks in the simulation results. The infinite-acting network introduced in this research give a new insight into capillary dominated phenomena such as drainage. One very important finding is to distinguish infinite clusters of a phase from finite clusters which suggests an intrinsic definition of residual phase saturation, namely the volume fraction of pore space occupied by finite clusters of that phase. The key point of this new definition for residual wetting phase saturation, which is only possible in infinite-acting networks is its independence from network boundary conditions. The values predicted for Sw,irr from infinite-acting networks (14%-15%) are an upper bound for the laboratory-measured values for unconsolidated media available in literature (Morrow, 1970) and also larger than the values one gets from conventional networks. Our findings suggest that field values of Sw,irr should be larger than the values measured in core experiments in labs. This can have significant effect in original oil in place estimations.Petroleum and Geosystems Engineerin
Correlation of log response to production in the Austin Chalk
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Additive Manufacturing of Composite Polymers: Thermomechanical FEA and Experimental Study
This study presents a comprehensive approach for simulating the additive manufacturing process of semi-crystalline composite polymers using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). By combining thermomechanical Finite Element Analysis (FEA) with experimental validation, our main objective is to comprehend and model the complex behaviors of 50 wt.% carbon fiber-reinforced Polyphenylene Sulfide (CF PPS) during FDM printing. The simulations of the FDM process encompass various theoretical aspects, including heat transfer, orthotropic thermal properties, thermal dissipation mechanisms, polymer crystallization, anisotropic viscoelasticity, and material shrinkage. We utilize Abaqus user subroutines such as UMATHT for thermal orthotropic constitutive behavior, UEPACTIVATIONVOL for progressive activation of elements, and ORIENT for material orientation. Mechanical behavior is characterized using a Maxwell model for viscoelastic materials, incorporating a dual non-isothermal crystallization kinetics model within the UMAT subroutine. Our approach is validated by comparing nodal temperature distributions obtained from both the Abaqus built-in AM Modeler and our user subroutines, showing close agreement and demonstrating the effectiveness of our simulation methods. Experimental verification further confirms the accuracy of our simulation techniques. The mechanical analysis investigates residual stresses and distortions, with particular emphasis on the critical transverse in-plane stress component. This study offers valuable insights into accurately simulating thermomechanical behaviors in additive manufacturing of composite polymers