An overview of the Remote Associates Test in different languages

The Remote Associates Test (RAT, CRA) is a classical creativity test used to measure creativity as a function of associative ability. The RAT has been administered in different languages. Nonetheless, because of how embedded in the language the test is, only a few items are directly translatable, and most of the time the RAT is created anew in each language. This process of manual (and in two cases computational) creation of RAT items is guided by the researchers’ understanding of the task. However, are the RAT items in different languages comparable? In this paper, different RAT stimuli datasets are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Significant differences are observed between certain datasets in terms of solver performance. The potential sources of these differences are discussed, together with what this means for creativity psychometrics and computational vs. manual creation of stimuli

Characterization of Photosynthetic Efficiency and Growth of Selected Microalgae in Dense Culture

An objective of the Aquatic Species Program is the development of large scale culturing systems for the production of fuels from lipid-rich microalgae. A major constraint to any such culturing system is the provision of sufficient light in the most economical manner possible, which has led to the use of shallow outdoor ponds that are illuminated using natural sunllght

Viscosity and glass transition temperature of hydrous float glass

Viscosity of water-bearing float glass (0.03–4.87 wt% H2O) was measured in the temperature range of 573–1523 K and pressure range of 50–500 MPa using a parallel plate viscometer in the high viscosity range and the falling sphere method in the low viscosity range. Melt viscosity depends strongly on temperature and water content, but pressure up to 500 MPa has only minor influence. Consistent with previous studies on aluminosilicate compositions we found that the effect of dissolved water is most pronounced at low water content, but it is still noticeable at high water content. A new model for the calculation of the viscosities as a function of temperature and water content is proposed which describes the experimental data with a standard deviation of 0.22 log units. The depression of the glass tran- sition temperature Tg by dissolved water agrees reasonably well with the prediction by the model of Deubener [J. Deubener, R. Mu¨ ller, H. Behrens, G. Heide, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 330 (2003) 268]. Using water speciation measured by near-infrared spectroscopy we infer that although the effect of OH groups in reducing Tg is larger than that of H2O molecules, the difference in the contribution of both species is smaller than predicted by Deubener et al. (2003). Compared to alkalis and alkaline earth elements the effect of protons on glass fragility is small, mainly because of the relatively low concentration of OH groups (max. 1.5 wt% water dissolved as OH) in the glasses