Lifestyle Estate Evolution in South Africa: Implications for Financial Viability and Environmental Sustainability

Planning Honours Research Report 2014, Wits UniversityIn recent years, lifestyle estates have become a prominent feature in both the rural and urban areas of South Africa. This research report argues and demonstrates that there has been an evolution of lifestyle estates in South Africa catalysed by private property developer’s concerns about the financial viability of these developments. The result has been the development of new types of lifestyle estates such as wildlife, country and eco-estates that do not include a golf course component. These new types of lifestyle estates are shown to be both more financially viable and environmentally sustainable than the original golf estate model that previously dominated the lifestyle estate sector in South Africa. The study comprises three main case studies, which include interviews with a property developer, estate agents and estate managers. The study also includes interviews with national financial institutions, to indicate that the findings by and large typify national lifestyle estate development trends.University of the Witwatersrand Postgraduate Merit Awar

From Heteroditopic to Multitopic Receptors for Ion-Pair Recognition: Advances in Receptor Design and Applications

Ion-pair recognition has emerged from cation and anion recognition and become a diverse and active field in its own right. The last decade has seen significant advances in receptor design in terms of the types of binding motifs, understanding of cooperativity and increase in complexity from heteroditopic to multitopic receptors. As a result, attention has turned to applying this knowledge to the rational design of ion-pair receptors for applications in salt solubilisation and extraction, membrane transport and sensing. This Review highlights recent progress and developments in the design and applications of heteroditopic and multitopic receptors for ion-pair recognition

Psychiatric nurses’ views on criteria for psychiatric intensive care: acute and intensive care staff compared

Aim: To explore and investigate differences between the views of qualified nurses working in psychiatric intensive care units (PICUs) and acute care wards on which patients are appropriate for PICU care. Background: Previous research on the area of psychiatric intensive care highlights the great differences that exist in all aspects of service provision, from unit size and staffing levels to treatment approaches and physical environment. One of the most common areas of controversy is the type of client behaviour that warrants admission to the PICU. Method: Structured interviews of 100 qualified nursing staff (in the London area, England) working on either acute or PICU wards were used to gather data on appropriate and inappropriate referral to PICUs. Comments made during the course of the interviews were also collected and subjected to content analysis. Findings: There was evidence to support the hypothesis that acute ward staff considered patients suitable for PICU care at a lower level of risk than PICU staff thought appropriate. In comparison to acute ward nurses, those working in PICUs attended to a broader range of factors when considering suitability for admission to PICU. Appropriate reasons for transfer fell into five groups: risk to others; risk of intentional harm to self; risk of unintentional harm to self; therapeutic benefit from the PICU environment; and legitimate acute ward care problem. Inappropriate reasons for transfer fell into four groups: low risk to others and/or self; illegitimate acute admission care problems; patient belongs elsewhere; policy issues. Conclusion: The study opens up a range of issues not previously studied in relation to the use of PICUs and the intricate relationship of this use with the available acute care wards and other services. These findings and their implications for the care of acute and disturbed psychiatric patients are discussed

Prescription Of analgesia in Emergency Medicine (POEM): a multicentre observational survey of pain relief in patients presenting with an isolated limb fracture and/or dislocation

Background: Acute pain is one of the most commonly cited reasons for attendance to the emergency department (ED), and the Royal College of Emergency Medicine (RCEM) Best Practice Guideline (2014) acknowledged that the current management of acute pain in UK EDs is inadequate and has a poor evidence base. Methods: The Prescription Of analgesia in Emergency Medicine (POEM) survey is a cross-sectional observational survey of consecutive patients presenting to 12 National Health Service (NHS) EDs with limb fracture and/or dislocation in England and Scotland and was carried out between 2015 and 2017. The primary outcome was to assess the adequacy of pain management in the ED against the recommendations in the RCEM Best Practice Guidelines. Results: In all, 8346 patients were identified as attending the ED with a limb fracture and/or dislocation but adherence to RCEM guidelines could only be evaluated for the 4160 (49.8%) patients with a recorded pain score. Of these, 2409/4160 (57.9%) patients received appropriate pain relief, but only 1347 patients were also assessed within 20 minutes of their arrival in the ED. Therefore, according to the RCEM guidelines, only 16.1% (1347/8346) of all patients were assessed and had satisfactory pain management in the ED. Conclusions: The POEM survey has identified that pain relief for patients with an isolated limb fracture remains inadequate when strictly compared to the RCEM Best Practice Guidelines. However, we have found that some patients receive analgesia despite having no pain score recorded, while other analgesic modalities are provided that are not currently encompassed by the Best Practice Guidelines. Future iterations of these guidelines may wish to encompass the breadth of available modalities of pain relief and the whole patient journey. In addition, more work is needed to improve timely and repeated assessment of pain and its recording, which has been better achieved in some EDs than others

‘IDEAS’ : Developing a ‘travelling companion’ model of inclusive curriculum development

Inclusive curriculum development in Higher Education is increasingly witnessing the development of institutional inclusive curriculum frameworks and toolkits. This short paper introduces one such framework recently developed at a modern university in the South East of England. The IDEAS model (Inclusive learning and teaching, Digital inclusion, Employability learning, assessment for learning, Sustainability mindset) involves a range of distinctive features in both design and scope, and was likewise co-created by colleagues working in the educational development and access and participation domains of academic practice. In a discussion structured by the stages of a traditional quest narrative, the paper relates the genesis, development and early implementation of the IDEAS model and draws attention to some of its distinctive emphases as well as its points of correspondence with wider sectoral initiatives on inclusive curriculum development

Impact of paediatric cochlear implantation on family life : a conceptual framework informed by parents

PURPOSE : While the impact of paediatric cochlear implantation on parents and siblings are recognised, limited evidence exists regarding the effect of paediatric cochlear implantation on the entire family life (e.g., routine interactions, family activities). This study aimed to describe the impact of paediatric cochlear implantation on family life as perceived by parents, using concept mapping. MATERIALS AND METHODS : Parents of paediatric cochlear implant (CI) recipients (n = 29) participated in this concept mapping study to generate, group, and rate statements regarding the impact of paediatric cochlear implantation on family life. RESULTS : In total, 99 unique statements described the impact of paediatric cochlear implantation on family life. The concept map revealed six concepts, namely (i) Financial Outlay and Supports; (ii) Education and Therapy; (iii) Responsibilities and Sacrifices; (iv) Extended Family and Community; (v) Spouses and Siblings and (vi) Achievements and Enrichments. CONCLUSIONS : This study highlights the multiple areas of family life affected by paediatric cochlear implantation. To improve patient-and-family-centered care, these factors must be considered during pre-operative and successive counselling of paediatric CI recipients and their families. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION : The diagnosis of a child as deaf and/or hard of hearing followed by cochlear implantation influences the family life of paediatric cochlear implant recipients and their family members. Concept mapping identified multiple areas of family life influenced by paediatric cochlear implantation. The areas were quantified in terms of how parents perceived these potential family life changes as positive or negative, as well as how important it is for other parents to be aware of these changes prior to paediatric cochlear implantation. A greater understanding of the impact of paediatric cochlear implantation on family life will inform patient-and-family-centered care service delivery to paediatric cochlear implant recipients and their families. Cochlear implant clinicians can utilize these concepts to encourage discussion and collaboration among clinicians, paediatric cochlear implant recipients, and their families. These concepts can support healthcare professionals in strategizing, decision-making, assessing practices, and creating frameworks for pre-operative counselling sessions and subsequent rehabilitation sessions.http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/idre20hj2024Speech-Language Pathology and AudiologySDG-03:Good heatlh and well-bein

Exposure to low-level ambient air pollution and the relationship with lung and bladder cancer in older men, in Perth, Western Australia

Background: Air pollution is a cause of lung cancer and is associated with bladder cancer. However, the relationship between air pollution and these cancers in regions of low pollution is unclear. We investigated associations between fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide, and black carbon (BC), and both these cancers in a low-pollution city. Methods: A cohort of 11,679 men ≥65 years old in Perth (Western Australia) were followed from 1996–1999 until 2018. Pollutant concentrations, as a time-varying variable, were estimated at participants’ residential addresses using land use regression models. Incident lung and bladder cancer were identified through the Western Australian Cancer Registry. Risks were estimated using Cox proportional-hazard models (age as the timescale), adjusting for smoking, socioeconomic status, and co-pollutants. Results: Lung cancer was associated with PM2.5 and BC in the adjusted single-pollutant models. A weak positive association was observed between ambient air pollution and squamous cell lung carcinoma but not lung adenocarcinoma. Positive associations were observed with bladder cancer, although these were not statistically significant. Associations were attenuated in two-pollutant models. Conclusion: Low-level ambient air pollution is associated with lung, and possibly bladder, cancer among older men, suggesting there is no known safe level for air pollution as a carcinogen