Знання як фактор конкурентних переваг: перспективи України

Introduction. In recent decades, economic growth of the leading world countries have occurred on the basis of information and knowledge embodied in new products, production technologies and management at all stages of production and marketing. Due to the generation and commercialisation of knowledge competitive advantages of individual companies, institutions and national economies, leaders of economic growth are formed and advanced. Considering the current trends in the changing conditions of economic and political space of Ukraine and abroad, which will only intensify fast and efficient reorientation to new markets is relevant for the domestic producers. The purpose of the study is to investigate the role and place of knowledge as an element of intellectual capital of organisations to ensure their competitiveness in light of trends in the global economy; to assess the current position and to outline the problems and perspectives of fast and efficient innovation growth in Ukraine based on knowledge. Results. The role of knowledge in providing competitive advantages of organisations has been outlined. The place of knowledge relevant to intellectual capital of organisations is specified. It has been determined that knowledge as an element of intellectual capital has a dual nature: it can be regarded both as an intellectual resource and as a possibility to implement existing intellectual capital of organisations. The influence of knowledge in the global economy is investigated. Ukraine’s position in the world rankings, which reflects the level of economic development based on intellectual capital and innovation, as well as the status of its competitiveness, has been studied. From these positions, we have specified strengths and weaknesses of the national economy and outlined the prospects of economic growth based on knowledge as an element of intellectual capital.Окреслено роль знань у забезпеченні конкурентних переваг організацій. Уточнено місце знань в інтелектуальному капіталі організації. Визначено, що знання як елемент інтелектуального капіталу, мають дуалістичну природу: їх можна розглядати як інтелектуальний ресурс, а також як можливість реалізації наявного інтелектуального капіталу організації. Досліджено вплив знань на розвиток світової економіки. Досліджено позиції України у світових рейтингах, які відображають рівень економічного розвитку країн на основі інтелектуального капіталу та інновацій, а також стан їхньої конкурентоспроможності. Визначено сильні та слабкі сторони вітчизняної економіки, а також окреслено проблеми та перспективи її зростання на основі знань як елементу інтелектуального капіталу

S-DIMM+ height characterization of day-time seeing using solar granulation

To evaluate site quality and to develop multi-conjugative adaptive optics systems for future large solar telescopes, characterization of contributions to seeing from heights up to at least 12 km above the telescope is needed. We describe a method for evaluating contributions to seeing from different layers along the line-of-sight to the Sun. The method is based on Shack Hartmann wavefront sensor data recorded over a large field-of-view with solar granulation and uses only measurements of differential image displacements from individual exposures, such that the measurements are not degraded by residual tip-tilt errors. We conclude that the proposed method allows good measurements when Fried's parameter r_0 is larger than about 7.5 cm for the ground layer and that these measurements should provide valuable information for site selection and multi-conjugate development for the future European Solar Telescope. A major limitation is the large field of view presently used for wavefront sensing, leading to uncomfortably large uncertainties in r_0 at 30 km distance.Comment: Accepted by AA 22/01/2010 (12 pages, 11 figures

Numerical Simulations of Shock Wave-Driven Jets

We present the results of numerical simulations of shock wave-driven jets in the solar atmosphere. The dependence of observable quantities like maximum velocity and deceleration on parameters such as the period and amplitude of initial disturbances and the inclination of the magnetic field is investigated. Our simulations show excellent agreement with observations, and shed new light on the correlation between velocity and deceleration and on the regional differences found in observations.Comment: 7 pages, 11 figures, submitted to Ap

Dynamic fibrils in H-alpha and C IV

Aim: To study the interaction of the solar chromosphere with the transition region, in particular active-region jets in the transition region and their relation to chromospheric fibrils. Methods: We carefully align image sequences taken simultaneously in C IV with the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer and in H-alpha with the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope. We examine the temporal evolution of "dynamic fibrils", i.e., individual short-lived active-region chromospheric jet-like features in H-alpha. Results: All dynamic fibrils appear as absorption features in H-alpha that progress from the blue to the red wing through the line, and often show recurrent behavior. Some of them, but not all, appear also as bright features in C IV which develop at or just beyond the apex of the H-alpha darkening. They tend to best resemble the H-alpha fibril at +700 mA half a minute earlier. Conclusions: Dynamic chromospheric fibrils observed in H-alpha regularly correspond to transition-region jets observed in the ultraviolet. This correspondence suggests that some plasma associated with dynamic fibrils is heated to transition-region temperatures.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figure

Modern impacts on an ancient landscape, the piedmont plain in southwest Turkmenistan

The piedmont plain in southwestern Turkmenistan has experienced a millennia-long settlement history despite prevailing arid climates. One of the prerequisites for the various agricultural efforts was irrigation. Most of the water used for irrigation measures came from the adjacent Kopet Dag mountain chain. This situation changed with the introduction of the Karakum canal in the middle of the 20th century. The present study evaluates the rich irrigation history of the piedmont plain by investigating two small catchments that drain the eastern ranges of the Kopet Dag. Within their catchments, geomorphological and hydrological analyses were conducted. We present several Optically Stimulated Luminescence and 14-C dating results that add to the understanding of the landscape history from the Pleistocene until modern ages. Moreover, modern climatological and hydrological data were analyzed that show a remarkable drop in runoff from the Kopet Dag since the 1960s

Stability analysis of RR and QT variability for cosmonauts data

Stability analysis of cardiovascular oscillations together with nonlinear nalysis gives important and complements information about their autonomic regulations. New nonlinear tools like M-indexes gives possibility to analyze stability of the most pure dynamic process that is observed with the help of RR and QT intervals variability

Nonlinear analysis of RR and QT variability for cosmonauts data

Nonlinear analysis of cardiovascular oscillations gives important information about their autonomic regulations. New nonlinear tools like Mindexes gives possibility to analyze the most pure dynamic process that are observed by RR and QT intervals variability. Time series classification that is based on Mindexes allows using stationary methods of oscillation variability like Fourier analysis for sure

Stockage de carbone et flux de gaz à effet de serre en prairie (synthèse bibliographique)

Carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas fluxes in grassland. A review. Grassland carbon (C) sequestration can play an important role in mitigating total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of livestock production systems. An accurate inventory of livestock production system contribution to GHG emissions requires to think in terms of global budget, by considering both the GHG sources and the mitigation potential trough grassland soil carbon sequestration. There is a huge variability in C and GHG balances of grasslands that is mainly due to management practices and climatic conditions. The present article shows that, to reduce the uncertainties of the results, long term measurements at the field scale are necessary. Also, it shows the importance of taking into account the fluxes of the three main GHGs (carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane) into account when calculating the GHG budget. This article also highlights the need for a better understanding of the mechanisms driving the fluxes, in relation to environmental factors and management practices, in order to propose mitigation strategies able to enhance soil carbon sequestration in soils and to reduce methane and nitrous oxide emissions

Information system for monitoring, estimates and forecastes the main vital parameters of neonatal status

Certain categories of people, as well as newborn babies require constant monitoring signs of their life in hospitals or at home. The most common reason for this observation - apnea. Apnea - a condition accompanied by a lack of respiratory movements for more than 20 seconds. Caused by various factors such as the depletion of blood carbon dioxide caused by excessive ventilation, diseases such as bronchial asthma, various pulmonary diseases, snoring. This observation is particularly relevant for their newborn children. In the light of these provisions, the relevance of this work is evident and the need to address the information system for monitoring vital parameters, estimates and forecasts status of newborns as the problems of the complex. In order to observe these main basic parameters of life, we need a punctual device, which helps monitor newborns, on the one hand and, on the other hand to obtain a correct solution with respect to time in an emergency without the need for specialist or doctor. An artificial intelligence tool, which depends on machine learning, is the best modern method for this kind of information system