2,009 research outputs found
Ethics of e-voting: an essay on requirements and values in Internet elections
In this paper, we investigate ethical issues involved in the development and implementation of
Internet voting technology. From a phenomenological perspective, we describe how voting via the
Internet mediates the relation between people and democracy. In this relation, trust plays a major
role. The dynamics of trust in the relation between people and their world forms the basis for our
analysis of the ethical issues involved. First, we consider established principles of voting,
confirming the identity of our democracy, which function as expectations in current experiments
with online voting in the Netherlands. We investigate whether and how Internet voting can meet
these expectations and thereby earn trust, based on the experiments in the Netherlands. We identify
major challenges, and provide a basis for ethical and political discussion on these issues, especially
the changed relation between public and private. If we decide that we want to vote via the Internet,
more practical matters come into play in the implementation of the technology. The choices
involved here are discussed in relation to the mediating role of concrete voting technologies in the
relation between citizen and state
Serum levels of DDT and liver function of malaria control personnel
The levels of DOT and metabolites in serum of 23 applicators involved in malaria control operations in Natal were determined using gas chromatography with electron capture detection. The me'!n levels (ug/l, ppb) were 61,7 DDT, 129,3 DDE, 11,0 DDD and 202,0 ∑DDT. Percentage DDT was 33,4%. These levels were higher than for an age matched sample of the general population in KwaZulu, who are protected by DDT against malaria. Percentage DDT correlated negatively with age (P < 0,05) for the applicators, suggesting a change in pharmacodynamics with age. Mean serum albumin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transferase and -γ-glutamyhransferase (GGT) levels did not differ significantly from an age-matched control group, but the mean GGT value for the applicators was higher than the' maximum of the laboratory normal range. Although not clinically significant, the alanine transferase was significantly higher in the applicators than in the control group. These higher levels suggest a possible risk to the health of the sprayers, but uncertainties remain
Experimental and Clinical Studies on Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis: pathophysiology, diagnosis and management
__Abstract__
Aspergillus is a saprofytic fungus that grows in humid environments on decaying organic
matter. Its ability to adapt to a wide variability of conditions accounts for its worldwide
distribution. Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a disease characterised by invasion of normal
tissue by Aspergillus organisms, resulting in significant tissue damage and necrosis. Most
commonly, IA develops in patients with impaired host defence. Factors that
predispose patients to develop IA include prolonged granulocytopenia, the
development of graft-versus-host disease, immunosuppressive therapy, the use of
adrenal corticosteroids, and the prolonged reduction of host defences associated with
diseases such as chronic granulomatous disease.
The most common route of infection is the inhalation of fungal spores, and therefore
the majority of IA patients (± 90%) develop an invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA).
Other manifestations of the disease include IA of the paranasal sinuses, skin, wounds
and eyes.
There are several factors that make IPA a challenging fungal infection to manage:
• IPA is currently a major direct or contributory cause of death in severely
immunocompromised patients such as haemato-oncological patients receiving
chemotherapy, and its incidence has shown a significant increase in the past few
decades.
• IPA is difficult to diagnose, especially in the early stages of the disease.
• The treatment of IPA is suboptimal, with reported response rates below 55% in
leukaemia- and bone marrow transplant patients
Galois theory and Lubin-Tate cochains on classifying spaces
We consider brave new cochain extensions F(BG +,R) → F(EG +,R), where R is either a Lubin-Tate spectrum E n or the related 2-periodic Morava K-theory K n , and G is a finite group. When R is an Eilenberg-Mac Lane spectrum, in some good cases such an extension is a G-Galois extension in the sense of John Rognes, but not always faithful. We prove that for E n and K n these extensions are always faithful in the K n local category. However, for a cyclic p-group C p r, the cochain extension F(BC p r +,E n ) → F(EC p r +, E n ) is not a Galois extension because it ramifies. As a consequence, it follows that the E n -theory Eilenberg-Moore spectral sequence for G and BG does not always converge to its expected target
Regimes of cosmic-ray diffusion in Galactic turbulence
Cosmic-ray transport in astrophysical environments is often dominated by the diffusion of particles in a magnetic field composed of both a turbulent and a mean component. This process, which is two-fold turbulent mixing in that the particle motion is stochastic with respect to the field lines, needs to be understood in order to properly model cosmic-ray signatures. One of the most important aspects in the modeling of cosmic-ray diffusion is that fully resonant scattering, the most effective such process, is only possible if the wave spectrum covers the entire range of propagation angles. By taking the wave spectrum boundaries into account, we quantify cosmic-ray diffusion parallel and perpendicular to the guide field direction at turbulence levels above 5% of the total magnetic field. We apply our results of the parallel and perpendicular diffusion coefficient to the Milky Way. We show that simple purely diffusive transport is in conflict with observations of the inner Galaxy, but that just by taking a Galactic wind into account, data can be matched in the central 5 kpc zone. Further comparison shows that the outer Galaxy at > 5 kpc, on the other hand, should be dominated by perpendicular diffusion, likely changing to parallel diffusion at the outermost radii of the Milky Way.</p
Generalized Conformal Quantum Mechanics of D0-brane
We study the generalized conformal quantum mechanics of the probe D0-brane in
the near horizon background of the bound state of source D0-branes. We
elaborate on the relationship of such model to the M theory in the light cone
frame.Comment: 14 pages, RevTeX, revised version with added references to appear in
Phys. Rev.
Open Heterotic Strings
We classify potential cosmic strings according to the topological charge
measurable outside the string core. We conjecture that in string theory it is
this charge that governs the stability of long strings. This would imply that
the SO(32) heterotic string can have endpoints, but not the E_8 x E_8 heterotic
string. We give various arguments in support of this conclusion.Comment: 15 pages. v.2: typos, references correcte
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