12,501 research outputs found
Why Do Firms Evade Taxes? The Role of Information Sharing and Financial Sector Outreach
Informality is a wide-spread phenomenon across the globe. We show that firms in countries with better information sharing systems and greater financial sector outreach evade taxes to a lesser degree, an effect that is stronger for smaller firms, firms in smaller cities and towns, and firms in industries relying more on external financing, with higher liquidity needs and with greater growth potential. However, it is variation in firm size that dominates firm variation in location and industry variation in explaining cross-firm and cross-country variation in tax evasion. This effect is robust to controlling for an array of other measures of the financial and institutional environment firms face. The effect is also robust to controlling for fixed firm effects in a smaller panel dataset of Central and Eastern European countries many of which introduced credit registries or upgraded them in the early 2000s.Formal and informal sector;tax evasion;financial sector development
Link between the chromospheric network and magnetic structures of the corona
Recent work suggested that the traditional picture of the corona above the
quiet Sun being rooted in the magnetic concentrations of the chromospheric
network alone is strongly questionable. Building on that previous study we
explore the impact of magnetic configurations in the photosphere and the low
corona on the magnetic connectivity from the network to the corona.
Observational studies of this connectivity are often utilizing magnetic field
extrapolations. However, it is open to which extent such extrapolations really
represent the connectivity found on the Sun, as observations are not able to
resolve all fine scale magnetic structures. The present numerical experiments
aim at contributing to this question. We investigated random
salt-and-pepper-type distributions of kilo-Gauss internetwork flux elements
carrying some to Mx, which are hardly distinguishable by
current observational techniques. These photospheric distributions are then
extrapolated into the corona using different sets of boundary conditions at the
bottom and the top. This allows us to investigate the fraction of network flux
which is connected to the corona, as well as the locations of those coronal
regions which are connected to the network patches. We find that with current
instrumentation one cannot really determine from observations, which regions on
the quiet Sun surface, i.e. in the network and internetwork, are connected to
which parts of the corona through extrapolation techniques. Future
spectro-polarimetric instruments, such as with Solar B or GREGOR, will provide
a higher sensitivity, and studies like the present one could help to estimate
to which extent one can then pinpoint the connection from the chromosphere to
the corona.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, acceped for publication in A&
Why Do Firms Evade Taxes? The Role of Information Sharing and Financial Sector Outreach
Informality is a wide-spread phenomenon across the globe. We show that firms in countries with better information sharing systems and greater financial sector outreach evade taxes to a lesser degree, an effect that is stronger for smaller firms, firms in smaller cities and towns, and firms in industries relying more on external financing, with higher liquidity needs and with greater growth potential. However, it is variation in firm size that dominates firm variation in location and industry variation in explaining cross-firm and cross-country variation in tax evasion. This effect is robust to controlling for an array of other measures of the financial and institutional environment firms face. The effect is also robust to controlling for fixed firm effects in a smaller panel dataset of Central and Eastern European countries many of which introduced credit registries or upgraded them in the early 2000s.
Why Do Firms Evade Taxes? The Role of Information Sharing and Financial Sector Outreach
Informality is a wide-spread phenomenon across the globe. We show that firms in countries with better information sharing systems and greater financial sector outreach evade taxes to a lesser degree, an effect that is stronger for smaller firms, firms in smaller cities and towns, and firms in industries relying more on external financing, with higher liquidity needs and with greater growth potential. However, it is variation in firm size that dominates firm variation in location and industry variation in explaining cross-firm and cross-country variation in tax evasion. This effect is robust to controlling for an array of other measures of the financial and institutional environment firms face. The effect is also robust to controlling for fixed firm effects in a smaller panel dataset of Central and Eastern European countries many of which introduced credit registries or upgraded them in the early 2000s.
Platform Precision Autopilot Overview and Flight Test Results
The Platform Precision Autopilot is an instrument landing system interfaced autopilot system, developed to enable an aircraft to repeatedly fly nearly the same trajectory hours, days, or weeks later. The Platform Precision Autopilot uses a novel design to interface with a NASA Gulfstream III jet by imitating the output of an instrument landing system approach. This technique minimizes, as much as possible, modifications to the baseline Gulfstream III jet and retains the safety features of the aircraft autopilot. The Platform Precision Autopilot requirement is to fly within a 5-m (16.4-ft) radius tube for distances to 200 km (108 nmi) in the presence of light turbulence for at least 90 percent of the time. This capability allows precise repeat-pass interferometry for the Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar program, whose primary objective is to develop a miniaturized, polarimetric, L-band synthetic aperture radar. Precise navigation is achieved using an accurate differential global positioning system developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Flight-testing has demonstrated the ability of the Platform Precision Autopilot to control the aircraft within the specified tolerance greater than 90 percent of the time in the presence of aircraft system noise and nonlinearities, constant pilot throttle adjustments, and light turbulence
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Financial innovation: The bright and the dark sides
Based on data from 32 countries over the period 1996â2010, this paper is the first to assess the relationship between financial innovation, on the one hand, and bank growth and fragility, as well as economic growth, on the other hand. We find that different measures of financial innovation, capturing both a broad concept and specific innovations, are associated with faster bank growth, but also higher bank fragility and worse bank performance during the recent crisis. These effects are stronger in countries with larger securities markets and more restrictive regulatory frameworks. In spite of these seemingly ambiguous findings, our evidence points to a positive net effect of financial innovation on economic growth: financial innovation is associated with higher growth in countries and industries with better growth opportunities
Multi-neutron transfer coupling in sub-barrier 32S+90,96Zr fusion reactions
The role of neutron transfers is investigated in the fusion process below the
Coulomb barrier by analyzing 32S+90Zr and 32S+96Zr as benchmark reactions. A
full coupled-channel calculation of the fusion excitation functions has been
performed for both systems by using multi-neutron transfer coupling for the
more neutron-rich reaction. The enhancement of fusion cross sections for
32S+96Zr is well reproduced at sub-barrier energies by NTFus code calculations
including the coupling of the neutron-transfer channels following the Zagrebaev
semiclassical model. We found similar effects for 40Ca+90Zr and 40Ca+96Zr
fusion excitation functions.Comment: Minor corrections, 11 pages, 4 figures, Fusion11 Conference, Saint
Malo, France, 2-6 mai 201
Reinforcing Additives for Ice Adhesion Reduction Coatings
Adhesion of contaminants has been identified as a ubiquitous issue for aeronautic exterior surfaces. In-flight icing is particularly hazardous for all aircraft and can be experienced throughout the year under the appropriate environmental conditions. On larger vehicles, the accretion of ice could result in loss of lift, engine failure, and potentially loss of vehicle and life were it not for active deicing or anti-icing equipment. Smaller vehicles though cannot support the mass and mechanical complexity of active ice mitigating systems and thus must rely upon passive approaches or avoid icing conditions altogether. One approach that may be applicable to all aircraft is the use of coatings. Durability remains an issue and has prevented realization of coatings for leading edge contamination mitigation. In this work, epoxy coatings were generated as a passive approach for ice adhesion mitigation and methods to improve durability were evaluated. Highly cross-linked epoxy systems can be extremely rigid, which could have deleterious consequences regarding application as a leading edge coating. Incorporation of flexible species, such as poly(ethylene glycol) may improve coating toughness.8 Additionally, core-shell rubber (CSR) particles have been utilized to improve fracture toughness of epoxies.9 Both of these more established additives are investigated in this work. An emerging additive that is also evaluated here is holey graphene. This nanomaterial possesses many of the advantageous properties of graphene (excellent mechanical properties, thermal and electrical conductivity, large surface area, etc.) while also exhibiting behaviors associated with flexible, porous materials (i.e., compressibility, increased permeation, etc.). Holey graphene, HG, was synthesized by the oxidation of defect-rich sites on graphene sheets through controlled thermal expo-sure.10 It is envisioned that the porous nature of HG would allow resin penetration through the graphitic plane, resulting in better interfacial interaction and therefore better translation of the nanomaterials properties to the surrounding matrix
Stationary perturbation configurations in a composite system of stellar and coplanarly magnetized gaseous singular isothermal discs
We construct aligned and unaligned stationary perturbation configurations in
a composite system of stellar and coplanarly magnetized gaseous singular
isothermal discs (SIDs) coupled by gravity. In comparison with SID problems
studied earlier, there exist three possible classes of stationary solutions
allowed by more dynamic freedoms. Our exact global perturbation solutions and
critical points are valuable for testing numerical magnetohydrodynamic codes.
For galactic applications, our model analysis contains more realistic elements
and offer useful insights for structures and dynamics of disc galaxies
consisting of stars and magnetized gas.Comment: 25 pages, 31 figures, accepted by Monthly Notices of Royal
Astronomical Society, style files include
A Superheated Droplet Detector for Dark Matter Search
We discuss the operation principle of a detector based on superheated
droplets of Freon-12 and its feasibility for the search of weakly interacting
cold dark matter particles. In particular we are interested in a neutralino
search experiment in the mass range from 10 to 10^4 GeV/c^2 and with a
sensitivity of better than 10^-2 events/kg/d. We show that our new proposed
detector can be operated at ambient pressure and room temperature in a mode
where it is exclusively sensitive to nuclear recoils like those following
neutralino interactions, which allows a powerful background discrimination. An
additional advantage of this technique is due to the fact that the detection
material, Freon-12, is cheap and readily available in large quantities.
Moreover we were able to show that piezoelectric transducers allow efficient
event localization in large volumes.Comment: 15 pages LATEX; 11 figures on request from [email protected]
submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Methods
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