Lucille Gallardo & Laura Spica (avec des illustrations de Claire Favre-Taylaz). 2014. La main devant le soleil. Expériences militantes et homosexualités en Afrique francophone

Parce que l’homosexualité n’est pas partout légale et reconnue, La main devant le soleil. Expériences militantes et homosexualités en Afrique francophone, paru en 2014, constitue un ouvrage clé pour tenter de comprendre comment les acteur.es existent et la vivent dans des contextes où les libertés individuelles sont encore trop souvent bafouées. Tiré d’une étude commanditée par AIDES et Sidaction et réalisée par Lucille Gallardo entre 2011 et 2012, ayant consisté en la réalisation de 122 entr..

Akutagawa Ryûnosuke, Jambes de cheval, traduction et appareil critique Catherine Ancelot, postface Ninomiya Masayuki

Malgré son importance dans l’histoire littéraire japonaise, Akutagawa n’a été que relativement peu traduit en français. La parution du premier volume, Rashômon et autres contes, traduit par Mori Arimasa, date de 1965 aux éditions Gallimard, dans la collection « Connaissance de l’Orient ». Edwige de Chavanes a publié une traduction du deuxième, La Vie d’un idiot, en 1987 à la suite d’une thèse de doctorat intitulée Akutagawa Ryūnosuke (1892-1927) : l’organisation de la phrase et du récit – thè..

Akutagawa Ryûnosuke, Jambes de cheval, traduction et appareil critique Catherine Ancelot, postface Ninomiya Masayuki

Malgré son importance dans l’histoire littéraire japonaise, Akutagawa n’a été que relativement peu traduit en français. La parution du premier volume, Rashômon et autres contes, traduit par Mori Arimasa, date de 1965 aux éditions Gallimard, dans la collection « Connaissance de l’Orient ». Edwige de Chavanes a publié une traduction du deuxième, La Vie d’un idiot, en 1987 à la suite d’une thèse de doctorat intitulée Akutagawa Ryūnosuke (1892-1927) : l’organisation de la phrase et du récit – thè..

Decrease in oxidative phosphorylation yield in presence of butyrate in perfused liver isolated from fed rats

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Butyrate is the main nutrient for the colonocytes but the effect of the fraction reaching the liver is not totally known. A decrease in tissue ATP content and increase in respiration was previously demonstrated when livers were perfused with short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) such as butyrate, or octanoate.</p> <p>In fed rats the oxidative phosphorylation yield was determined on the whole isolated liver perfused with butyrate in comparison with acetate and octoanoate (3 mmol/L). The rate of ATP synthesis was determined in the steady state by monitoring the rate of ATP loss after inhibition of (i) cytochrome oxidase (oxidative phosphorylation) with KCN (2.5 mmol/L) and (ii) glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (glycolysis) with IAA (0.5 mmol/L). The ATP flux, estimated by ³¹P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, and the measured liver respiration allowed the ATP/O ratio to be determined.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>ATP turnover was significantly lower in the presence of butyrate (0.40 ± 0.10 μmoles/min.g, p = 0.001, n = 7) and octanoate (0.56 ± 0.10 μmoles/min.g, p = 0.01, n = 5) than in control (1.09 ± 0.13 μmoles/min.g, n = 7), whereas perfusion with acetate induced no significant decrease (0.76 ± 0.10 μmoles/min.g, n = 7). Mitochondrial oxygen consumption was unchanged in the presence of acetate (1.92 ± 0.16 <it>vs </it>1.86 ± 0.16 for control) and significantly increased in the presence of butyrate (p = 0.02) and octanoate (p = 0.0004) (2.54 ± 0.18 and 3.04 ± 0.15 μmoles/min.g, respectively). The oxidative phosphorylation yield (ATP/O ratio) calculated in the whole liver was significantly lower with butyrate (0.07 ± 0.02, p = 0.0006) and octanoate (0.09 ± 0.02, p = 0.005) than in control (0.30 ± 0.05), whereas there was no significant change with acetate (0.20 ± 0.02).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Butyrate or octanoate decrease rather than increase the rate of ATP synthesis, resulting in a decrease in the apparent ATP/O ratio. Butyrate as a nutrient has the same effect as longer chain FA. An effect on the hepatic metabolism should be taken into account when large quantities of SCFA are directly used or obtained during therapeutic or nutritional strategies.</p

Jeans des rues

© F. Beauvieux, J. Blanckaert & C. Coppola La série d’images présentées ici a été conçue tout à la fois comme un exercice inédit de terrain, une réflexion et une enquête collective menée dans le cadre d’une recherche plus large sur l’utilisation de la photographie comme instrument heuristique adapté aux sciences sociales et l’invite à dépasser l’espace trop contraint de l’illustration de terrain. En mettant la photographie au service de nos expérimentations réflexives et méthodiques, nous avo..

Insulin induces a positive relationship between the rates of ATP and glycogen changes in isolated rat liver in presence of glucose; a (31)P and (13)C NMR study

BACKGROUND: There is an emerging theory suggesting that insulin, which is known to be the predominant postprandial anabolic hormone, is also a major regulator of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle. However, little is known about its effects in the liver. Since there is a theoretical relationship between glycogen metabolism and energy status, a simultaneous and continuous investigation of hepatic ATP and glycogen content was performed in intact and isolated perfused liver by (31)P and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) The hepatic rates of ATP and glycogen changes were evaluated with different concentrations of insulin and glucose during continuous and short-term supply. RESULTS: Liver from rats fed ad libitum were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit Buffer (KHB)(controls) or KHB containing 6 mM glucose, 30 mM glucose, insulin alone, insulin + 6 mM glucose, insulin + 30 mM glucose. In the control, glycogenolysis occurred at a rate of -0.53 ± 0.021 %·min(-1) and ATP content decreased at a rate of -0.28 ± 0.029 %·min(-1). In the absence of insulin, there was a close proportional relationship between the glycogen flux and the glucose concentration, whereas ATP rates never varied. With insulin + glucose, both glycogen and ATP rates were strongly related to the glucose concentration; the magnitude of net glycogen flux was linearly correlated to the magnitude of net ATP flux: flux(glycogen )= 72.543(flux(ATP)) + 172.08, R(2 )= 0.98. CONCLUSION: Only the co-infusion of 30 mM glucose and insulin led to (i) a net glycogen synthesis, (ii) the maintenance of the hepatic ATP content, and a strong positive correlation between their net fluxes. This has never previously been reported. The specific effect of insulin on ATP change is likely related to a rapid stimulation of the hepatic mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. We propose that variations in the correlation between rates of ATP and glycogen changes could be a probe for insulin resistance due to the action of substrates, drugs or pathologic situations. Consequently, any work evaluating insulin resistance on isolated organs or in vivo should determine both ATP and glycogen fluxes

Large kidneys predict poor renal outcome in subjects with diabetes and chronic kidney disease

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Renal hypertrophy occurs early in diabetic nephropathy, its later value is unknown. Do large kidneys still predict poor outcome in patients with diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Seventy-five patients with diabetes and CKD according to a Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR, by 51Cr-EDTA clearance) below 60 mL/min/1.73 m²or an Albumin Excretion Rate above 30 mg/24 H, had an ultrasound imaging of the kidneys and were cooperatively followed during five years by the Diabetology and Nephrology departments of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The patients were mainly men (44/75), aged 62 ± 13 yrs, with long-standing diabetes (duration:17 ± 9 yrs, 55/75 type 2), and CKD: initial GFR: 56.5 (8.5-209) mL/min/1.73 m², AER: 196 (20-2358) mg/24 H. Their mean kidney lenght (108 ± 13 mm, 67-147) was correlated to the GFR (r = 0.23, p < 0.05). During the follow-up, 9/11 of the patients who had to start dialysis came from the half with the largest kidneys (LogRank: p < 0.05), despite a 40% higher initial isotopic GFR. Serum creatinine were initially lower (Small kidneys: 125 (79-320) μmol/L, Large: 103 (50-371), p < 0.05), but significantly increased in the "large kidneys" group at the end of the follow-up (Small kidneys: 129 (69-283) μmol/L, Large: 140 (50-952), p < 0.005 vs initial). The difference persisted in the patients with severe renal failure (KDOQI stages 4,5).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Large kidneys still predict progression in advanced CKD complicating diabetes. In these patients, ultrasound imaging not only excludes obstructive renal disease, but also provides information on the progression of the renal disease.</p

c-Fos induction by gut hormones and extracellular ATP in osteoblastic-like cell lines

It is widely accepted that the c-Fos gene has a role in proliferation and differentiation of bone cells. ATP-induced c-Fos activation is relevant to bone homeostasis, because nucleotides that are present in the environment of bone cells can contribute to autocrine/paracrine signalling. Gut hormones have previously been shown to have an effect on bone metabolism. In this study, we used the osteoblastic Saos-2 cell line transfected with a c-Fos-driven reporter stimulated with five gut hormones: glucose inhibitory peptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), ghrelin and obestatin, in the presence or absence of ATP. In addition, TE-85 cells were used to determine the time course of c-Fos transcript induction following stimulation with GLP-1, and GLP-2 with or without ATP, using reverse transcription qPCR. The significant results from the experiments are as follows: higher level of c-Fos induction in presence of GIP, obestatin (p = 0.019 and p = 0.011 respectively), and GIP combined with ATP (p < 0.001) using the luciferase assay; GLP-1 and GLP-2 combined with ATP (p = 0.034 and p = 0.002, respectively) and GLP-2 alone (p < 0.001) using qPCR. In conclusion, three of the gut peptides induced c-Fos, providing a potential mechanism underlying the actions of these hormones in bone which can be directed or enhanced by the presence of ATP