La pratique infirmière de promotion de la santé et de prévention en CSSS, mission CLSC : de la volonté à la réalité : Rapport synthèse ; vol. 11, no 2

La série "Rapport synthèse" met en relief les faits saillants des principales études, recherches, projets d'intervention ou promotion réalisés dans les différents domaines de la santé publique.Ce rapport synthèse présente les résultats d'une étude réalisée en étroite collaboration par des chercheurs de la Direction de santé publique de l'Agence de la santé et des services sociaux de Montréal (DSP,de l'Université de Montréal et de quatre centres de santé et de services sociaux de Montréal(CSSS).Cette démarche participative s'inscrit dans une volonté d'ajuster la recherche aux réalités des CSSS, dans le but de formuler des recommandations et d'entreprendre des actions afin de favoriser une actualisation accrue de la pratique infirmière de promotion de la santé et de prévention dans une perspective populationnelle

L’EROP : 10 ans pour le rétablissement des oiseaux de proie au Québec

L’Équipe de rétablissement des oiseaux de proie du Québec (EROP) a été fondée en 2004, à la suite de la fusion des équipes de rétablissement du faucon pèlerin (Falco peregrinus), du pygargue à tête blanche (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) et de l’aigle royal (Aquila chrysaetos). À ces espèces d’intérêt pour l’EROP s’est ajouté récemment le hibou des marais (Asio flammeus). À l’aide des plans de rétablissement de chacune des espèces, l’EROP veille à la mise en oeuvre de mesures de conservation (p. ex. acquisition de connaissances, sensibilisation, protection) visant à redresser la situation des populations d’oiseaux de proie en situation précaire au Québec. Cet article présente le mandat, le mode de fonctionnement et les principales réalisations de l’EROP au cours de la dernière décennie. The Québec raptor recovery team (EROP) was established in 2004 following the merger of the peregrine falcon (Falcoperegrinus), bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and golden eagle (Aquilachrysaetos) recovery teams. Recently, the short-eared owl (Asioflammeus) has also been added to the list of species covered by EROP. The team aims to foster conservation measures (e.g., data collection, public awareness and protection) to improve the population status of endangered birds of prey, and achieves this through the publication of species recovery plans. This article outlines the mission, and the working and main achievements of EROP over the past decade

A large scale hearing loss screen reveals an extensive unexplored genetic landscape for auditory dysfunction

The developmental and physiological complexity of the auditory system is likely reflected in the underlying set of genes involved in auditory function. In humans, over 150 non-syndromic loci have been identified, and there are more than 400 human genetic syndromes with a hearing loss component. Over 100 non-syndromic hearing loss genes have been identified in mouse and human, but we remain ignorant of the full extent of the genetic landscape involved in auditory dysfunction. As part of the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium, we undertook a hearing loss screen in a cohort of 3006 mouse knockout strains. In total, we identify 67 candidate hearing loss genes. We detect known hearing loss genes, but the vast majority, 52, of the candidate genes were novel. Our analysis reveals a large and unexplored genetic landscape involved with auditory function

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Effects of eight neuropsychiatric copy number variants on human brain structure

Many copy number variants (CNVs) confer risk for the same range of neurodevelopmental symptoms and psychiatric conditions including autism and schizophrenia. Yet, to date neuroimaging studies have typically been carried out one mutation at a time, showing that CNVs have large effects on brain anatomy. Here, we aimed to characterize and quantify the distinct brain morphometry effects and latent dimensions across 8 neuropsychiatric CNVs. We analyzed T1-weighted MRI data from clinically and non-clinically ascertained CNV carriers (deletion/duplication) at the 1q21.1 (n = 39/28), 16p11.2 (n = 87/78), 22q11.2 (n = 75/30), and 15q11.2 (n = 72/76) loci as well as 1296 non-carriers (controls). Case-control contrasts of all examined genomic loci demonstrated effects on brain anatomy, with deletions and duplications showing mirror effects at the global and regional levels. Although CNVs mainly showed distinct brain patterns, principal component analysis (PCA) loaded subsets of CNVs on two latent brain dimensions, which explained 32 and 29% of the variance of the 8 Cohen’s d maps. The cingulate gyrus, insula, supplementary motor cortex, and cerebellum were identified by PCA and multi-view pattern learning as top regions contributing to latent dimension shared across subsets of CNVs. The large proportion of distinct CNV effects on brain morphology may explain the small neuroimaging effect sizes reported in polygenic psychiatric conditions. Nevertheless, latent gene brain morphology dimensions will help subgroup the rapidly expanding landscape of neuropsychiatric variants and dissect the heterogeneity of idiopathic conditions

Yves Louis-Seize : Planéité fluide

This catalogue documents the sculptures, installations and steel “ paintings ” of artist Louis-Seize, including the series entitled “Planéité fluide” (2002). In his essay, Beaudet draws parrallels between the work of Louis-Seize and modernist or minimalist sculptors and painters to describe the formal characteristics of the work and its themes (surface work, verticality, duality). Includes a section on the artist’s previous work. Texts in French and English. List of works. Biographical notes. 6 bibl. ref

Developmental motor deficits induced by combined fetal exposure to lipopolysaccharide and early neonatal hypoxia/ischemia: A novel animal model for cerebral palsy in very premature infants

A critical issue in animal models of perinatal brain injury is to adapt the pertinent pathophysiological scenarios to their corresponding developmental window in order to induce neuropathological and behavioral characteristics reminiscent to perinatal cerebral palsy (CP). A major problem in most of these animal models designed up to now is that they do not present motor deficits characteristic of CP. Using a unique rat paradigm of prenatal inflammation combined to an early postnatal hypoxia-ischemia pertinent to the context of very early premature human newborns, we were interested in finding out if such experimental conditions might reproduce both histological damages and behavioral deficits previously described in the human context. We showed that exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or hypoxia-ischemia (H/I) induced behavioral alterations in animals subjected to forced motor activity. When both LPS and H/I aggressions were combined, the motor deficits reached their highest intensity and affected both spontaneous and forced motor activities. LPS+H/I-exposed animals also showed extensive bilateral cortical and subcortical lesions of the motor networks affecting the frontal cortices and underlying white matters fascicles, lenticular nuclei and the substantia nigra. These neuropathological lesions and their associated motor behavioral deficits are reminiscent of those observed in very preterm human neonates affected by subsequent CP and validate the value of the present animal model to test new therapeutic strategies which might open horizons for perinatal neuroprotection. © 2009 IBRO.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Application of (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate) micellar electrokinetic chromatography for the rapid measurement of TNT metabolites in anaerobic sludge: a comparison with LC/MS

The present study describes the application of sodium dodecyl sulfate micellar electrokinetic chromatography (SDS MEKC) for the fast analysis of TNT biotransformation products in the aqueous phase of anaerobic sludge cultures. SDS MEKC was performed using a Hewlett-Packard HP 3D CE capillary electrophoresis system with photodiode array detection. In a single sample injection the SDS MEKC method detected 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 2-hydroxylamino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2-HADNT), 4-hydroxylamino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4-HADNT), 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2-ADNT), 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4-ADNT), 2,4-diaminonitrotoluene (2,4-DANT), 2,6-diaminonitrotoluene (2,6-DANT), and 2,4,6-triaminotoluene (TAT). Analyte peaks were verified using visible/ultraviolet photodiode array spectra from commercial standards and periodic analyses using electrospray ionization liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (ES-LC-MS). A time course study constructed from the SDS MEKC data provided supporting evidence for the stepwise reduction of TNT to TAT. The SDS MEKC method was judged to be of practical value for the identification of polar and moderately polar TNT biotransformants in place of HPLC and LC-MS methods, with significant reduction in material expense and analysis time.NRC publication: Ye