212 research outputs found
Curriculum Integration and The Disciplines of Knowledge
At a conference on curriculum integration, a speaker who admitted that he had only recently been introduced to the concept said, From a quick look at various readings, it seems that the disciplines of knowledge are the enemy of curriculum integration. Unwittingly or not, he had gone straight to the heart of perhaps the most contentious issue in current conversations about curriculum integration. Simply put, the issue is this: If we move away from the subject-centered approach to curriculum organization, will the disciplines of knowledge be abandoned or lost in the shuffle
Long-Term Effects of Community Service Programs
The need to develop connections between life in the school and that in the community is a recurring theme in educational literature. Of the many means for doing this, one of the more prominent is experiential learning or planned opportunities for learning outside the classroom (Hamilton 1980). Within the experiential learning concept, one variation which has received a good deal of attention is youth participation programs or community service projects (Olsen 1946; National Society for the Study of Education 1953; Harnack 1974; Coleman 1974; National Commission on Resources for Youth 1974). Such programs involve the active engagement of youth in attempts to improve local communities, and while these programs may be carried out under the auspices of any community agency, the focus here is on those sponsored by the school. Specific projects might include conducting surveys of community attitudes, making recommendations for solving environmental problems, and helping older persons and the like
Evaluation of West Virginia's Mountain Health Choices: Implementation, Challenges, and Recommendations
Assesses the implementation of the enhanced Medicaid program for low-income families that rewards personal responsibility. Examines enrollment, education and outreach, services and benefit structure, provider understanding and participation, and outcomes
Cascading Effects of Hunting Disturbance on Northern Bobwhite Behavior, Physiology, and Survival
The northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus; hereafter, bobwhite) is an important gamebird across the United States and has been in decline for several decades. As a commonly hunted prey species, the bobwhite provides an ideal study species to investigate the use of proactive and reactive antipredator behaviors in response to hunting pressure. We designed an experiment to understand how late-season hunting affects bobwhite demographics using fecal glucocorticoid (fGCM) concentrations, foraging and movement behaviors, survival, and breeding season metrics. Our results show that bobwhite responded to increased interactions with a shotgun through proactive responses. After one encounter with a discharged shotgun, bobwhite began foraging farther from supplemental feed where the risk of encountering a hunting party was the greatest (β = 0.21, 95% Bayesian credible interval [CrI]: 0.06–0.36). Bobwhite responded to increased hunting pressure, particularly late-season hunting pressure, via reactive responses through increased fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (fGCM) concentrations (β = 2.18, 95% CrI: 0.21–4.15), resulting in decreased survivorship in non-harvested individuals (β = -0.42, 95% CrI: -0.77 to -0.07) and decreased fecundity (β = -0.17, 95% CI: -0.31–0.09). These results can help inform hunting season regulations and management decisions aiding in bobwhite recovery
Three Bosons in One Dimension with Short Range Interactions I: Zero Range Potentials
We consider the three-boson problem with -function interactions in
one spatial dimension. Three different approaches are used to calculate the
phase shifts, which we interpret in the context of the effective range
expansion, for the scattering of one free particle a off of a bound pair. We
first follow a procedure outlined by McGuire in order to obtain an analytic
expression for the desired S-matrix element. This result is then compared to a
variational calculation in the adiabatic hyperspherical representation, and to
a numerical solution to the momentum space Faddeev equations. We find excellent
agreement with the exact phase shifts, and comment on some of the important
features in the scattering and bound-state sectors. In particular, we find that
the 1+2 scattering length is divergent, marking the presence of a zero-energy
resonance which appears as a feature when the pair-wise interactions are
short-range. Finally, we consider the introduction of a three-body interaction,
and comment on the cutoff dependence of the coupling.Comment: 9 figures, 2 table
Forward analysis of N scattering with an expansion method
The N forward scattering data are analyzed using an expansion method,
where the invariant amplitudes are represented by expansions satisfying the
forward dispersion relations. The experimental errors of the data are taken
into account through the covariance matrix of the coefficients of the
expansions in a careful error analysis. From the results, some coefficients,
, of the subthreshold expansions have been calculated with proper
error bars.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures. v2: Added some references. v3: Corrected
hyphenatio
Low Energy Theorems For Nucleon-Nucleon Scattering
Low energy theorems are derived for the coefficients of the effective range
expansion in s-wave nucleon-nucleon scattering valid to leading order in an
expansion in which both and (where is the scattering length)
are treated as small mass scales. Comparisons with phase shift data, however,
reveal a pattern of gross violations of the theorems for all coefficients in
both the and channels. Analogous theorems are developed for the
energy dependence parameter which describes mixing.
These theorems are also violated. These failures strongly suggest that the
physical value of is too large for the chiral expansion to be valid in
this context. Comparisons of with phenomenological scales known to
arise in the two-nucleon problem support this conjecture.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figure, 1 table; appendix added to discuss behavior in
chiral limit; minor revisions including revised figure reference to recent
work adde
The Long and Short of Nuclear Effective Field Theory Expansions
Nonperturbative effective field theory calculations for NN scattering seem to
break down at rather low momenta. By examining several toy models, we clarify
how effective field theory expansions can in general be used to properly
separate long- and short-range effects. We find that one-pion exchange has a
large effect on the scattering phase shift near poles in the amplitude, but
otherwise can be treated perturbatively. Analysis of a toy model that
reproduces 1S0 NN scattering data rather well suggests that failures of
effective field theories for momenta above the pion mass can be due to
short-range physics rather than the treatment of pion exchange. We discuss the
implications this has for extending the applicability of effective field
theories.Comment: 22 pages, 9 figures, references corrected, minor modification
Semileptonic decays of light quarks beyond the Standard Model
We describe non-standard contributions to semileptonic processes in a model
independent way in terms of an SU(2)_L X U(1)_Y invariant effective lagrangian
at the weak scale, from which we derive the low-energy effective lagrangian
governing muon and beta decays. We find that the deviation from Cabibbo
universality, \Delta_CKM = |V_ud|^2 + |V_us|^2 + |V_ub|^2 - 1, receives
contributions from four effective operators. The phenomenological bound of
\Delta_CKM = -1E-4 +- 6E-4 provides strong constraints on all four operators,
corresponding to an effective scale greater than 11 TeV (90% CL). Depending on
the operator, this constraint is at the same level or better then the Z pole
observables. Conversely, precision electroweak constraints alone would allow
universality violations as large as \Delta_CKM = -0.01 (90% CL). An observed
nonzero \Delta_CKM at this level could be explained in terms of a single
four-fermion operator which is relatively poorly constrained by electroweak
precision measurements.Comment: 23 pages, 1 table and 5 eps figure
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