A low-loss photonic silica nanofiber for higher-order modes

Optical nanofibers confine light to subwavelength scales, and are of interest for the design, integration, and interconnection of nanophotonic devices. Here we demonstrate high transmission (> 97%) of the first family of excited modes through a 350 nm radius fiber, by appropriate choice of the fiber and precise control of the taper geometry. We can design the nanofibers so that these modes propagate with most of their energy outside the waist region. We also present an optical setup for selectively launching these modes with less than 1% fundamental mode contamination. Our experimental results are in good agreement with simulations of the propagation. Multimode optical nanofibers expand the photonic toolbox, and may aid in the realization of a fully integrated nanoscale device for communication science, laser science or other sensing applications.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures, movies available onlin

Konsep Berkah dalam Epistemologi Islam

E-learning is one of much needed educational media. Especially since the Covid-19 pandemic occurred. Where education is carried out in online. Education needs to adapt to this new phenomenon. And one of the most powerful is the use of digital technology media for education. E-learning is education that is implemented using information and communication technology as a tool. However, the use of information technology in education needs to be done carefully, because if not, it will greatly affect the effectiveness of learning. That's why the development of e-learning requires principles to increase its effectiveness. On the other side, a development principle from a sharia perspective is also needed, to see the exact law, priority scale, and priority scale. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. This type of research is literature study. Where data sources are obtained from literature references, books, research reports, and others. Then processed critically to find the conclusion for the results. The results of this study can be formulated in two points. First, e-learning as a medium is wasilah for education, where education is wasilah for the protection of reason. Second, the principles of developing e-learning in the maqashid of sharia are three things: 1) the principle of strengthening the objectives of sharia, 2) the principle of priority (pedagogy, objectives, media, and suitability), and 3) the principle of virtue

ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN PESANTREN TENTANG PENDIDIKAN DALAM MASA PSBB PANDEMI COVID-19

The Covid-19 pandemic that hit the world, it has been almost 2 years that Indonesia has also spread Covid-19, with the presence of Covid-19 there have been changes to the teaching and learning process activities. Online learning activities have become a choice of the ministry of education and culture to prevent and break the chain of spreading the Covid-19 virus increasingly widespread. This research aims to find out how Government policies and their implementation are carried out as well as the obstacles by Islamic boarding schools in carrying out prevention. the spread of the Corona 19 Virus in the Islamic Boarding School environment in teaching and learning activities. This type of research is a descriptive study using qualitative methods. Data collection techniques in this study are interviews with several informants, observation ,. Data analysis techniques include data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that the Government's policy on preventing the spread of Corona 19 Virus in Islamic boarding schools or dormitories. It is not entirely the policies of the central and local governments that are carried out by the Islamic boarding schools / dormitories because there are many obstacles that are not implemented among the pesantren. The circular issued by the Islamic Boarding School is based on the existence of a circular or government decision regarding the prevention of the spread of the Corona 19 Virus with and for the continued implementation of teaching and learning activities at the Islamic boarding school. Keywords: Islamic Boarding School Policy, Covid Pandemic 1

MENGUJI PENERAPAN ILMU TAJWID DALAM METODE IQRO: (Studi pada Pembacaan Al Quran di TPQ Al Ikhlas Klepu Sumber Manjing Wetan)

Reciting Al Quran is one of an essential medium for munajah to Allah SWT. For people to recite Al Quran correctly, they need to learn and practice it from expert teachers or ustadz or ustadzah. In learning to recite Al Quran correctly, the role of experts is practically significant. By its mean, this research is conducted with the purposes to study how ilmu tajwid in Iqro method commonly applied to the students. This research especially takes the students of TPQ Al Ikhlas in Klepu as the field research subject. Using qualitative descriptive, the data is classified into primary and secondary data. The results of this research shows that: the learning process of Ilmu ilmu tajwid in TPQ Al Ikhlas is helpful for students. Most of students, 67 of 72 pupils, are graduated from final evaluation. Secondly, the learning methods in the TPQ are distinguished by two categories, junior and senior grade. Junior grade teacher is intended to convey ilmu tajwid learning from basic, while the senior grade learn the mixing methods such as Iqro, Qiroati, and Tarsana. Senior grade also uses Syifaul Jinan, Qiroatul Huffadz, and Jazariyah as the learning resources.Membaca Al Qur’an merupakan salah satu media penting untuk bermunajah kepada Allah SWT. Barang siapa hendak membaca Al Qur’an dengan benar, maka ia harus belajar dan berlatih pada ustadz dan atau ustadzah. Dalam belajar membaca Al Qur’an dengan benar, peran guru ahli sangat penting. Sebab itulah, penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengkaji bagaimana ilmu tajwid dalam metode Iqro umumnya diterapkan kepada pelajar. Penelitian ini secara khusus menjadikan siswa TPQ Al Ikhlas Klepu sebagai subjek penelitian. Dengan menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif, data-data tersebut akan dikelompokkan menjadi data primer dan sekunder. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa proses pembelajaran ilmu tajwid di TPQ Al Ikhlas sangat membantu pembelajaran siswa. Hampir semua siswa, 67 dari 72 siswa lulus evaluasi akhir. Kedua, metode pembelajaran di TPQ dibedakan ke dalam dua  kategori, kelas junior dan senior. Pengajar kelas junior umumnya menyampaikan pemahaman ilmu tajwid dasar, sedangkan di kelas senior siswa mempelajari metode campuran Iqro, Qiroati, dan Tarsana. Pengajar kelas senior juga menggunakan Syifaul Jinan, Qiroatul Huffadz, dan Jazariyah sebagai sumber belajar.&nbsp

Bio-inspired variable imaging system simplified to the essentials: Modelling accommodation and gaze movement

A combination of an aspherical hybrid diffractive-refractive lens with a flexible fluidic membrane lens allows the implementation of a light sensitive and wide-aperture optical system with variable focus. This approach is comparable to the vertebrate eye in air, in which the cornea offers a strong optical power and the flexible crystalline lens is used for accommodation. Also following the natural model of the human eye, the decay of image quality with increasing field position is compensated, in the optical system presented here, by successively addressing different tilting angles which mimics saccadic eye-movements. The optical design and the instrumental implementation are presented and discussed, and the working principle is demonstrated

Enhancement of field generation via maximal atomic coherence prepared by fast adiabatic passage in Rb vapor

We have experimentally demonstrated the enhancement of coherent Raman scattering in Rb atomic vapor by exciting atomic coherence with fractional stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. Experimental results are in good agreement with numerical simulations. The results support the possibility of increasing the sensitivity of CARS by preparing atomic or molecular coherence using short pulses

Two-Photon Accessed Excited State Absorption in bis(terpyridyl Osmium)-(Porphinato)Zinc

Two-photon absorption properties of a (terpyridyl)osmium-(porphinato)zinc (OsPZnOs) are studied in bulk and waveguides. Integration of OsPZnOs (d\u3e1300GM) in waveguides showed enhanced nonlinear performance and potential for photonic applications

Near IR Nonlinear Optics of an Organic Supermolecule

Two-photon accessed excited state absorption is shown to be an important mechanism in the near-IR nonlinear response of an organic supermolecule. This mechanism also provides an enhanced nonlinear absorption in an optical waveguide configuration

Microscopic Aspects of Stretched Exponential Relaxation (SER) in Homogeneous Molecular and Network Glasses and Polymers

Because the theory of SER is still a work in progress, the phenomenon itself can be said to be the oldest unsolved problem in science, as it started with Kohlrausch in 1847. Many electrical and optical phenomena exhibit SER with probe relaxation I(t) ~ exp[-(t/{\tau}){\beta}], with 0 < {\beta} < 1. Here {\tau} is a material-sensitive parameter, useful for discussing chemical trends. The "shape" parameter {\beta} is dimensionless and plays the role of a non-equilibrium scaling exponent; its value, especially in glasses, is both practically useful and theoretically significant. The mathematical complexity of SER is such that rigorous derivations of this peculiar function were not achieved until the 1970's. The focus of much of the 1970's pioneering work was spatial relaxation of electronic charge, but SER is a universal phenomenon, and today atomic and molecular relaxation of glasses and deeply supercooled liquids provide the most reliable data. As the data base grew, the need for a quantitative theory increased; this need was finally met by the diffusion-to-traps topological model, which yields a remarkably simple expression for the shape parameter {\beta}, given by d*/(d* + 2). At first sight this expression appears to be identical to d/(d + 2), where d is the actual spatial dimensionality, as originally derived. The original model, however, failed to explain much of the data base. Here the theme of earlier reviews, based on the observation that in the presence of short-range forces only d* = d = 3 is the actual spatial dimensionality, while for mixed short- and long-range forces, d* = fd = d/2, is applied to four new spectacular examples, where it turns out that SER is useful not only for purposes of quality control, but also for defining what is meant by a glass in novel contexts. (Please see full abstract in main text