Adaptation to climate change in coastal communities: findings from seven sites on four continents

Climate change is causing wide-ranging effects on ecosystem services critical to coastal communities and livelihoods, creating an urgent need to adapt. Most studies of climate change adaptation consist of narrative descriptions of individual cases or global synthesis, making it difficult to formulate and test locally rooted but generalizable hypotheses about adaptation processes. In contrast, researchers in this study analyzed key points in climate change adaptation derived from coordinated fieldwork in seven coastal communities around the world, including Arctic, temperate, and tropical areas on four continents. Study communities faced multiple challenges from sea level rise and warmer ocean temperatures, including coastal erosion, increasing salinity, and ecological changes. We analyzed how the communities adapted to climate effects and other co-occurring forces for change, focusing on most important changes to local livelihoods and societies, and barriers to and enablers of adaptation. Although many factors contributed to adaptation, communities with strong self-organized local institutions appeared better able to adapt without substantial loss of well-being than communities where these institutions were weak or absent. Key features of these institutions included setting and enforcing rules locally and communication across scales. Self-governing local institutions have been associated with sustainable management of natural resources. In our study communities, analogous institutions played a similar role to moderate adverse effects from climate-driven environmental change. The findings suggest that policies to strengthen, recognize, and accommodate local institutions could improve adaptation outcomes.Ye

FORMATION ET EVOLUTION DES CANYONS SOUS-MARINS DU GOLFE DU LION: RELATION AVEC LES CYCLES GLACIO-EUSTATIQUES

a veni

Análisis estructural y escenarios de la formación continua del profesorado de secundaria en Barcelona, desarrollados por los actores involucrados

International audienceJust as teachers strive to inspire a dedication to lifelong learning in their students, educators must also continue their own learning as professionals in order to keep pace with a changing world through updates in curriculum content and pedagogical practices. In Spain, Continuous Teacher Training (CTT) programs are in place to support teachers' in this effort. However, these programs must also be reviewed and, when necessary, reimagined in order to meet teachers' needs. Using a qualitative prospective approach and structural analysis, this research provides a case study from Barcelona resulting in stakeholder-developed objectives and scenarios for improving CTT: an Ideal Scenario and a Basic Scenario. The study takes into account three underlying elements: (i) the complexity of CTT; (ii) innovation; and (iii) adoptability. While this work focuses on a specific location, the objectives and scenarios offer insight into a stakeholderguided process for designing meaningful teacher training programs that is relevant for a broad range ofeducation contexts.Del mismo modo que los maestros se esfuerzan en inspirar una dedicación a la formación continua en sus estudiantes, los educadores también deben seguir su propio aprendizaje como profesionales, con el fin de seguir el ritmo de un mundo cambiante, los cambios en el contenido curricular o en las prácticas pedagógicas. En España, los programas de Formación Continua de Profesores (CTT) existen para apoyar a los maestros en este esfuerzo. Sin embargo, estos programas también deben ser revisados y, cuando sea necesario, reinventados con el fin de satisfacer las necesidades de los maestros. Desde un enfoque cualitativo de análisis estructural y prospectivo, esta investigación proporciona través de un estudio de caso de Barcelona, objetivos y escenarios de actores, desarrollado para mejorar la CTT: un escenario ideal y un escenario básico. El estudio tiene en cuenta tres elementos fundamentales: (i) la complejidad del CTT; (Ii) la innovación; y (iii) la capacidad de adaptación. Si bien este trabajo se genera en una ubicación específica, los objetivos y escenarios ofrecen información sobre un proceso guiado para el diseño de programas de formación docente, relevantes para una amplia gama de contextos educativos

Les zones côtières face au changement climatique: le défi de la gestion intégrée

International audienceCet ouvrage est le fruit de l'implication des différents groupes de recherche et d'un atelier tenu au campus de l'Université de Moncton dans le cadre de l'Alliance de recherche universités-communautés sur le défi des communautés côtières (ARUC - DCC) du 27 au 29 septembre 2010. Le but est d'approfondir avec des collègues canadien, québécois, européens et africain le rôle des acteurs du développement dans la gestion intégrée des zones côtières des deux côtés de l'Atlantique de ce qu'on peut appeler la transformation accélérée de la zone côtière dans le contexte du changement climatique

Plastic pollution and economic growth: the influence of corruption and the lack of education

Green economic growth fed by technological solutions is often mentioned to mitigate plastic pollution. But economic growth appears to be in contradiction to planetary boundaries. By developing two worldwide socio-economic models based on non-technological solutions, economic production, social, and policy data, we demonstrate the adverse ecological impact of the lack of regulatory process and educational environmental programs. Our results support other studies that observe the effect of several key factors on behaviors in favor of the environment: i) improving the quality of democracy with better regulation in all country income categories, ii) implementing long-term educational programs to increase environmental awareness in low and middle income countries, iii) limiting urbanization and urban sprawl, which generates disconnection from the environment and reduces opportunities for personal experiences with the ecosystem. All these key factors feature industrial responsibility, environmental awareness and willingness to engage in ethical production, consumption and plastic waste management. Our results show a 1% increase in education or corruption control policies reduces annual inadequately managed plastic waste by 0.97% and 0.18% respectively. As a result, progressively raising the number of schooling years to 12 and implementing tighter corruption control policies would reduce by 44% and 28% respectively the global amount of inadequately managed plastic waste discarded into the global ecosystem in 2050 as compared to 1990. Otherwise, this amount is predicted to increase from 61-72 million tonnes per year in 1990 to 61-110 million tonnes per year in 2050

Editorial: The sustainability series: the plastics problem - investigating socio-economic dimensions of plastic pollution

International audienceThere is agreed scientific evidence that the plastic problem must be solved. Cumulative production of plastic since the inception of mass production after the second world war is estimated to be 9544 million metric tons (Mt), produced between 1950 and 2019, and more than 7000 Mt of plastic waste has been generated over that period. Primarily because of river discharge and mismanaged waste, plastic waste enters the ocean, leading to marine plastic pollution, one of the problems with plastic taking most attention. There have been growing publications on model simulations studying the way plastic pollution could change in the long run under different scenarios. While there are variations in their approaches and results, all these publications conclude that plastic waste will increase in the next decades if no changes are made to the current trend. They also all conclude that an unprecedented and significant effort is required to reduce the amount of plastic waste accumulation. It requires system change, transforming the global plastic economy, or combining solutions. Furthermore, technological solutions will not be enough to solve the plastics problem, and it is urgent to act on non-technological solutions, among them by changing people's behavior in waste management and waste prevention. The four articles in this Research Topic highlight the importance of socio-economic dimensions of plastic pollution from various perspectives

Formation et évolution des canyons sous-marins du Golfe du Lion (relation avec les cycles glacio-eustatiques)

BREST-BU Droit-Sciences-Sports (290192103) / SudocPLOUZANE-Bibl.La Pérouse (290195209) / SudocSudocFranceF

Plastic pollution and economic growth: The influence of corruption and lack of education

International audienc