7-(Benzyl­sulfan­yl)-5-(2-methoxy­phen­yl)-1,3-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro­pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

In the mol­ecule of the title compound, C22H22N4O3S, the benzene and phenyl rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 88.72 (4)°. The other two rings have flattened-boat conformations. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules

Need to Perform Rehabilitation Exercises at Home by Parents of Children with Neurological Diseases to Maintain Performance During COVID-19 Lockdown

With the outbreak of the novel pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide, many pediatric rehabilitation clinics have closed to support social &physical distancing and therapist like other people are staying in their homes. There is common concern of parents and caregivers that how and with which quality children's rehabilitation exercises should be proceed. Most children with neurological diseases have problems such as muscle spasticity, range of motion limitation, muscle shortening, balance loss, mobility and movement impairment. The aim of this research was to summarize the necessaries of home based rehabilitation exercises program during quarantine period

Investigating the Middle to Upper Paleolithic Transition from the Sites in Khorramabad Valley; Western Iran: with Special Reference to Kaldar Cave

Aquesta tesi doctoral conté una recerca dirigida a la comprensió de la transició del Paleolític mitjà al superior a les muntanyes del Zagros, i de les seves implicacions en debats mes globals. Aquesta recerca és el resultat d’un programa complet de treball de camp portat a terme en quatre jaciments paleolítics: les coves de Gilvaran, Ghamari i Kaldar, i l’abric de Gar Arjeneh, localitzats a la vall del Khorramabad, a l’Iran occidental. L’excavació a major escala portada a terme a la cova de Kaldar va suposar el descobriment de restes culturals generalment associades als humans anatòmicament mderns (HAM), així com evidències d’indústries probablement fabricades pels neandertals. Per al nivell 4 de la cova de Kaldar es van obtenir dates per termoluminiscència compreses entre els 23,100 ± 3300 i els 29,400 ± 2300 BP, així com tres dates per radiocarboni AMS de 38,650–36,750 cal BP, 44,200–42,350 cal BP, i 54,400–46,050 cal BP respectivament. Amb les dades disponibles, la cova de Kaldar es converteix en la primer localitat ben estratificada i excavada corresponent al Paleolític superior al Zagros, i en una de les evidències més primerenques amb cultura material atribuïda als HAM a l’Àsia occidental. Així mateix, ofereix l’oportunitat d’estudiar les diferències tecnològiques i de ocmportament humà entre el Mosterià i el Paleolític superior inicial. Es presenten aquí els resultats d’ambdúes campanyes d’excavació, incloent una detallada descripció de l’estratigrafia de cada jaciment, els resultats de l’estudi dels conjunts lítics, les restes faunístiques, aspectes tafonòmics, la interpretació paleoambiental regional disponible, i finalment les dades geocronològiques del jaciment de Kaldar. A banda dels resultats publicats que es recullen en aquesta tesi (Bazgir et al. 2014, 2017; Davoudi et al. 2015; Becerra-Valdivia et al. 2017), s’aporten detalls de les excavacions i alguns resultats dels estudis multidisciplinars portats a terme sobre qüestions tecno-tipològiques i funcionals en les indústries lítiques, així com d’estudis antracològics dels carbons recuperats a les coves de Gilvaran i Kaldar.Esta tesis doctoral contiene una investigación dirigida a la comprensión de la transición del Paleolítico Medio al Superior en las montañas del Zagros, y de sus implicaciones en debates más globales. Esta investigación es el resultado del completo trabajo de campo llevado a cabo en cuatro yacimientos paleolíticos: las cuevas de Gilvaran, Ghamari y Kaldar, y el abrigo de Gar Arjeneh, localizados en el valle de Khorramabad, en Irán occidental. La excavación a mayor escala llevada a cabo en la cueva de Kaldar supuso el descubrimiento de restos culturales generalmente asociados a los humanos anatómicamente modernos (HAM), así como de evidencias de industrias probablemente fabricadas por Neandertales. Para el nivel 4 de la cueva de Kaldar se obtuvieron fechas por termoluminiscencia comprendidas entre los 23,100 ± 3300 y los 29,400 ± 2300 BP, así como tres fechas por radiocarbono AMS de 38,650–36,750 cal BP, 44,200–42,350 cal BP, y 54,400–46,050 cal BP respectivamente. Con los datos disponibles, la cueva de Kaldar se convierte en la primera localidad bien estratificada y excavada correspondiente al Paleolítico Superior en el Zagros, y en una de las evidencias más tempranas con cultura material atribuida a los HAM en Asia occidental. Asimismo, ofrece la oportunidad de estudiar las diferencias tecnológicas y de comportamiento humano entre el Musteriense y el Paleolítico Superior inicial. Se presentan aquí los resultados de ambas campañas de excavación, incluyendo una detallada descripción de la estratigrafía de cada yacimiento, los resultados del estudio de los conjuntos líticos, los restos faunísticos, aspectos tafonómicos, la interpretación paleoambiental regional disponible, y finalmente los datos geocronológicos del yacimiento de Kaldar. A parte de los resultados publicados que se recogen en esta tesis (Bazgir et al. 2014, 2017; Davoudi et al. 2015; Becerra-Valdivia et al. 2017), se aportan detalles de las excavaciones y algunos resultados de estudios multidisciplinarios llevados a cabo acerca de cuestiones tecno-tipológicas y funcionales en las industrias líticas así como de estudios antracológicos de los carbones recuperados en las cuevas de Gilvarán y Kaldar.This PhD thesis deals with a goal-oriented research towards understanding the transition from Middle to Upper Paleolithic in the Zagros Mountains and its implications in global debates. This research is the result of a comprehensive field work carried out in four Paleolithic sites: Gilvaran, Ghamari and Kaldar caves and Gar Arjeneh rock shelter, located in the Khorramabad Valley; western Iran. We re-excavated Kaldar Cave in larger scale that led to the discovery of cultural remains generally associated with anatomically modern humans (AMH) as well as evidence of a probable Neanderthal-made industry. In Kaldar excavation we achieved four thermoluminescence dates for Layer 4, ranging from 23,100 ± 3300 to 29,400 ± 2300 BP, and three AMS radiocarbon dates yielding ages of 38,650–36,750 cal BP, 44,200–42,350 cal BP, and 54,400–46,050 cal BP. With the available data, Kaldar Cave is the first well-stratified Late Palaeolithic locality to be excavated in the Zagros which is one of the earliest sites with cultural materials attributed to early AMHs in western Asia. It also offers an opportunity to study the technological differences between the Mousterian and the first Upper Palaeolithic lithic technologies as well as the human behaviour. I present the results from both the excavation seasons which includes detailed description of each site stratigraphy, quantified results from the lithic assemblages, faunal remains, taphonomic aspects, interpretation of the regional paleoenvironment and geochronologic data from Kaldar Cave. Apart from the published results presented here in this thesis (Bazgir et al. 2014, 2017; Davoudi et al. 2015; Becerra-Valdivia et al. 2017), I provided more details from our excavations as well as some of our multidisciplinary analysis carried out on techno-typological and functional analysis on the lithic industries as well as anthrachological analysis on the recovered charcoals from Gilvaran and Kaldar caves

Federated learning framework integrating REFINED CNN and Deep Regression Forests

Predictive learning from medical data incurs additional challenge due to concerns over privacy and security of personal data. Federated learning, intentionally structured to preserve high level of privacy, is emerging to be an attractive way to generate cross-silo predictions in medical scenarios. However, the impact of severe population-level heterogeneity on federated learners is not well explored. In this article, we propose a methodology to detect presence of population heterogeneity in federated settings and propose a solution to handle such heterogeneity by developing a federated version of Deep Regression Forests. Additionally, we demonstrate that the recently conceptualized REpresentation of Features as Images with NEighborhood Dependencies CNN framework can be combined with the proposed Federated Deep Regression Forests to provide improved performance as compared to existing approaches

Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes for Water Treatment

Nanofibrous structures offer a lot of fascinating features due to large specific surface area. This makes them promising for a wide range of applications, most specifically water treatment. This new generation of highly porous membranes exhibits great prospect to be used in various separation applications due to their distinguished features such as remarkably high porosity (≥90%) and interconnected 3D pore structure. As compared with the conventional techniques, Electrospinning has been highlighted for developing unique porous membranes. Electrospun nanofibrous membranes have been more and more investigated to a lot of advanced water treatment purposes. This chapter reviews the updates on electrospun nanofibrous membranes with a particular prominence in recent accomplishments, bottlenecks, and future perspectives in water treatment. To start, the basic principles of electrospinning are discussed. Next, past and recent efforts for fabricating electrospun MF membranes for various applications are reviewed. The application of electrospun nanofibers as the scaffold for TFC (thin-film composite) membranes in the pressure- and osmotic-membrane processes is then introduced. The new application of electrospun nanofibrous membranes for the thermally-driven MD (membrane distillation) process for water treatment as well as strategies for performance enhancement is discussed. To finish, conclusions and perspectives are stated according to recent developments

Emotion Recognition with Machine Learning Using EEG Signals

In this research, an emotion recognition system is developed based on valence/arousal model using electroencephalography (EEG) signals. EEG signals are decomposed into the gamma, beta, alpha and theta frequency bands using discrete wavelet transform (DWT), and spectral features are extracted from each frequency band. Principle component analysis (PCA) is applied to the extracted features by preserving the same dimensionality, as a transform, to make the features mutually uncorrelated. Support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and artificial neural network (ANN) are used to classify emotional states. The cross-validated SVM with radial basis function (RBF) kernel using extracted features of 10 EEG channels, performs with 91.3% accuracy for arousal and 91.1% accuracy for valence, both in the beta frequency band. Our approach shows better performance compared to existing algorithms applied to the "DEAP" dataset

Anterior Clinoid Process Mucocele: A Case Presenting with Sudden Vision Loss

Background: Mucoceles are benign encapsulated lesions filled with mucus located in parasinus cavities. The occurrence rate of the anterior clinoid process is varying significantly in different studies. Visual disturbances, diplopia, and retrobulbar pain are among the common manifestations of anterior clinoid process mucocele. To our knowledge, 17 cases of Anterior clinoid process mucocele with visual involvements have previously been reported. Aim: We aim to report a rare case of a middle-aged man with a large sphenoid mucocele admitted due to the loss of vision in his left eye. Case presentation: A 46-year-old man with a sudden vision loss in his left eye was admitted to Loghman Hakim Hospital. In physical examination positive relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) was evident. The visual acuity of his right eye was normal, while his left eye had no light perception. Moreover, his visual field was normal on the right side. He had no other medical complaints. Conclusion: Clinoid mucoceles causing cranial neuropathy are extremely rare. The proper diagnosis and prompt treatment are necessary to avoid permanent complications. With proper surgical intervention, recurrence of the mucoceles can be avoided

Ethyl 2-methyl-4-phenyl­quinoline-3-carboxyl­ate

In the mol­ecule of the title compound, C19H17NO2, the quinoline ring system is planar [maximum deviation 0.021 (3) Å] and oriented with respect to the phenyl ring at a dihedral angle of 80.44 (4)°. Intra­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions result in the formation of five- and six-membered rings having planar and envelope conformations, respectively. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions link the mol­ecules into centrosymmetric dimers forming R 2 2(12) ring motifs. π–π contacts between the rings of the quinoline system [centroid-to-centroid distance = 3.812 (1) Å] may further stabilize the structure. Two weak C—H⋯π inter­actions are also found

Dental caries and athletes

Dear Editor-in-Chief Performing intense exercise on the body's organs is associated with various risks. At the same time, it is necessary for athletes to be aware of the dangers of intense exercise, for this purpose, studies have shown that the health of the oral cavity helps improve the performance of athletes (Gallagher et al., 2020). On the other hand, the disorder in the oral cavity with intense exercise significantly impacts the quality of life of athletes.One of the most common diseases of oral cavity diseases caused by exercise is dental caries (D’Ercole et al., 2016). Dental caries is a chronic disease among humans and is one of the most common oral diseases worldwide. It is an important oral and dental disease that prevents achieving and maintaining oral health in all age groups. Dental caries refers to the local destruction of sensitive dental hard tissues by acidic by-products resulting from the bacterial fermentation of carbohydrates food. This disease is caused by an ecological imbalance between dental minerals and oral biofilms (plaque) (Selwitz et al., 2007; Thean et al., 2007; Yadav et al., 2017).According to statistics announced by international organizations related to dentistry, approximately 2.43 billion people (about 36% of the population) around the world have dental caries in their permanent teeth and it affects about 620 million people or 9% of the population in milk teeth (Yadav et al., 2017). The statistics of athletes suffering from dental caries show that oral and dental cavity disorders among athletes were first recognized during the 1958 World Cup in Sweden. So that one dentist performed 118 tooth extraction surgeries on 33 athletes from different countries (Soares et al., 2014). Dental caries has also been reported among athletes in Olympic competitions. However, in the 2004 Athens Olympics, the visit of athletes by dentists took the second place among the visits of athletes to different departments of the clinic. In the 2008 Beijing Olympics, 1.600 people visited the dental department of the clinic at the venue of the competition. Similarly, in the 2012 London Olympics, 55% of the athletes were suffering from tooth decay (Needleman et al., 2013; Vougiouklakis et al., 2008; Yang et al., 2011). Azeredo et al. (2020), in a review article, investigated the prevalence of dental caries in athletes. The findings showed that the prevalence of dental caries among athletes is 46.25% (Azeredo et al., 2020). Larson et al. (2015), in a study, evaluated the intervention of exercise and energy drink consumption with health risk behaviors among adults. Findings suggest that health care providers should differentiate energy drink consumption and exercise from other unhealthy behaviors when designing programs for adults (Larson et al., 2015).Research conducted in the field of exercise shows that exercise plays a role in reducing PH and increasing blood CO2. On the other hand, the decrease in the PH of saliva is related to the level of Co2 in the blood and the level of Co2 in the blood increases after exercise, and as a result, a high concentration of Co2 in the blood is transferred to the oral saliva, which is effective in reducing the PHof the saliva. In the same context, when the PH of saliva drops below the value of 5.5 that is assumed as the “Critical PH”, hydroxyapatite crystals in enamel begin to dissolve and decalcified areas occur (Ceyhan et al., 2020; Farsi, 2008; Milosevic et al., 1997; Okada et al., 2012). Borchers et al. (2022), analyzed saliva in their study to monitor intense exercise among male ultra-marathon runners. In this study, 9 healthy men who finished the distance of 160 km were selected as the statistical population of the research. The salivary markers were compared with blood markers following acute exercise stress in ultra-marathon runners at three baselines, shortly after the ultramarathon competition and after recovery. The findings showed that different blood markers and salivary cortisol had significant changes after the ultra-marathon running (Borchers et al., 2022).Thus, it is recommended that athletes should be aware of the biochemical variables and other factors leading to dental caries and observe the oral and dental hygiene requirements. Moreover, due to the fact that athletes of various sports are affected by oral cavity diseases, it is necessary that athletes of competitive sports such as football, swimming, track and field, etc., pay more attention to the health of their oral cavity