Türkiye'de Hyphantria cunea larvalarından izole edilen iki yeni entomopatojenik Beauveria bassiana suşunun karakterizasyonu ve biyolojik aktivitesi

In this study, two fungal strains (HC-Z1 and HC-Z2) from Hyphantria cunea (fall webworm) larvae were evaluated for their potential as biocontrol agents against the H. cunea larvae. Based on morphological and molecular (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region) characterization, the strains were identified as Beauveria bassiana (HC-Z1: OP415530 and HC-Z2: OP415531). To determine the biological activities of the two fungal strains, a concentration-response assay (1 × 104-8 conidia/ml) was performed against third stage H. cunea larvae. In addition, two B. bassiana strains were tested on five (1-5) larval stages at 1 × 107 conidia/ml concentration. Both isolates produced mortalities over 96% within 7 days for the first larval stage of H. cunea. The LC50 and LT50 of HC-Z1 and HC-Z2 strains against third instar H. cunea larvae were calculated as 0.6 × 104 and 1.2 × 104 conidia/ml, respectively. LT50 values were obtained in 2.82 and 3.44 days for HC-Z1 and HC-Z2 isolates, respectively. As a result, it can be concluded that HC-Z1 and HC-Z2 strains can potentially be used as biological control agents against H. cunea.Bu çalışmada, Hyphantria cunea (Amerikan beyaz kelebeği) larvalarından izole edilen iki fungus suşunun (HC-Z1 ve HC-Z2), H. cunea larvalarına karşı biyokontrol etmeni olarak potansiyelleri araştırıldı. Morfolojik ve moleküler (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 bölgesinin dizileri) karakterizasyonlarına göre suşlar Beauveria bassiana (HC-Z1: OP415530 ve HC-Z2: OP415531) olarak tanımlandı. İki fungus suşunun biyolojik aktivitelerini belirlemek için H. cunea larvalarının 3. evresinde konsantrasyon yanıt testi (1 × 104-8 konidia/ml) yapıldı. Ayrıca, iki B. bassiana suşu, 1 × 107 konidia/ml konsantrasyonu H. cunea larvalarının beş evresi (1-5.) üzerinde test edildi. Her iki suş da H. cunea'nın birinci evre larvalarına karşı 7 gün içinde %96’nın üzerinde ölüm oranı oluşturdu. Üçüncü evre H. cunea larvalarına karşı HC-Z1 ve HC-Z2 suşlarının LC50 değerleri sırasıyla 0.6 × 104 ve 1.2 × 104 konidia/ml olarak hesaplandı. LT50 değerleri ise HC-Z1 ve HC-Z2 suşları için sırasıyla 2.82 ve 3.44 gün olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, HC-Z1 ve HC-Z2 suşlarının potansiyel olarak H. cunea'ya karşı biyolojik kontrol etmeni olarak kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılabilir

Nazım'ın gizli çevirmeni

Taha Toros Arşivi, Dosya Adı: Nazım Hikmetİstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı (TR10/14/YEN/0033) İstanbul Development Agency (TR10/14/YEN/0033

Bioactivity of a betabaculovirus, Hyphantria cunea granulovirus, in six lepidopteran insects as potential hosts

The aim of this study, conducted in 2018 and 2020, was to investigate the bioactivity of a local baculovirus isolate, Hyphantria cunea granulovirus (HycuGV), in seven lepidopteran pests. Based on data collected 10 days after exposure, HycuGV was found to infect Malacosoma neustria (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae), Lymantria dispar (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner, 1805) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Spodoptera exigua (Hubner, 1808) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae as well as its host Hyphantria cunea (Drury, 1773) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae). However, it did not infect Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval, 1883) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Cydia pomonella (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). A HycuGV dose rate experiment indicated LC50 of 4.7x10(5) occlusion bodies (OBs)/ml in H. cunea, 5.6x10(6) OBs/ml in L. dispar, 7x10(7) OBs/ml in S. exigua, 1.5x10(9) OBs/ml in M. neustria and 7.7x10(9) OBs/ml in H. armigera. HycuGV was infectious to S. exigua and L. dispar, but only provided effective control in M. neustria and H. armigera at high dose rates. These findings demonstrate that HycuGV can be highly effective for control of S. exigua, L. dispar and H. cunea

Development of novel betabaculovirus (HycuGV-Hc1) as a biopesticide (HycuGV-TR61) and its efficacy on the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea Drury (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) larvae

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to develop an oil formulation from a local betabaculovirus. Hyphantria cunea Drury (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) granulovirus (HycuGV-Hc1) was isolated from the infected larvae to test its efficacy on the pest. The oil formulation was prepared by mixing the viral suspension with sunflower oil and some adjuvants and named HycuGV-TR61. Crude virus and the formulations were carried out on third instar H. cunea larvae using 1 x 10(4-8) OBs /ml concentrations and were exposed to temperatures (28, 35, and 42 degrees C) and UV-B light at different periods (0, 1, 3, 5 h).ResultsThe mortality rate, which was 50% at the lowest concentration (1 x 10(4) OB/ml), reached 99.86% at the highest concentration (1 x 10(8) OB/ml). LC50 values of fresh and old forms were calculated as 0.64 x 10(4) and 0.87 x 10(4) OBs/ml, respectively. Application of shelf life showed that there was non-significant change in the pathogenic activity of the formulation with time. In the experiments, it was observed that the activity decreased as the temperature and time of exposure increased. Significantly difference in larval mortality was observed when fresh and old formulations were exposed to 0, 1, 3 and 5 h to UV-B, (old: 96.7, 86, 80 and 60%; fresh: 97.1, 90, 85 and 62%, respectively).ConclusionsThe results revealed superior aspects of HycuGV-TR61, which was developed as a local viral biopesticide, its resistance to abiotic factors and its potential to be used in pest control

Is the expression of placental epithelial and lymphoid markers associated with the perinatal outcomes in preeclampsia?

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association of the epithelial and lymphoid immune markers with the adverse perinatal conditions such as early-onset preeclampsia (EOPE), fetal growth restriction (FGR) and intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) in preeclampsia in the placentae of preeclamptic patients. Material and methods: A total of 60 pregnant patients were included in this study. The immunohistochemistry method was used to determine the expression levels of CD4, CD8, CD4 / CD8, CD68, P53, MDM2, CK18, CK19, E-cadherin, and β-catenin. Results: In our study, the increase in E-cadherin expression in the preeclamptic fetal-maternal placental region was associated with EOPE and FGR development preeclampsia and the decrease in the expression of CD4 and CD8, which are involved in the local immunomodulation, was associated with IUFD. Conclusions: Our data reveal that the increase in the expression of CK18, CK19, E-cadherin, and β-catenin and the decrease in CD4 and CD8 play a role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia

Effect of taxifolin on methotrexate-induced oxidative and inflammatory oral mucositis in rats: biochemical and histopathological evaluation

The role of oxidative stress, as well as inflammation in the pathogenesis of methotrexate (MTX)-induced oral mucositis, is a known fact. The anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties of taxifolin—the effect we tested against MTX-induced oral mucosal damage—are well known. Objective: Evaluating biochemically and histopathologically the effects of taxifolin on methotrexate-induced oral mucosal damage in rats. Methodology: In the taxifolin+MTX (TMTX) group, 50 mg/kg taxifolin was orally administered to rats by gavage. In the MTX and healthy (HG) groups, normal saline was applied to rats as solvent by the same method. One hour after administration of taxifolin and solvent, 5 mg/kg MTX was orally administered to rats in the MTX and TMTX groups. Taxifolin and methotrexate were administered once a day for 30 days. Macroscopic, biochemical, and histopathological evaluations were performed on the inner cheek and tongue tissues of rats. These parts were removed after rats were killed with a high-dose anesthesia. Results: Taxifolin with MTX prevented the increase in oxidant and pro-inflammatory parameters, such as malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), on the inner cheek and tongue tissues of rats. Moreover, taxifolin antagonized the decrease in total glutathione (tGSH). Taxifolin decreased MTX-induced histopathological damage. Conclusion: These findings suggest that taxifolin may be useful to treat MTX-associated oral mucositis

The UV protectant properties of tea extracts on entomopathogenic fungus spores and their lethal effect on Galleria mellonella (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

The present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of various tea extracts in providing ultraviolet (UV) protection for entomopathogenic fungi. UV radiation could have detrimental effects on viability of these fungi, which are important biocontrol agents against insect pests. This study was carried out in the Microbiology Laboratory of the Department of Biology Karadeniz Technical University in 2023. We evaluated the UV protective properties of various tea extracts in entomopathogenic fungi [Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuil. (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) and Metharizium flavoviride (Gams and Rozsypal 1956) (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae)] and tea extracts effectiveness against Galleria mellonella (L.,1758) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae. Our findings demonstrate that certain tea extracts exhibit significant UV protection for entomopathogenic fungi, suggesting their potential application in improving the performance of biocontrol agents in outdoor environments. The highest UV-B protection was observed by adding black and green tea extracts to fungal spores, resulting in a radial growth measurement of 14.6 mm and 14.3 mm, respectively, at the end of 10 days of exposure for 120 minutes. These results contribute to the development of ecofriendly strategies for pest management in agriculture