Evaluation of Rosenmuller Fossa with cone beam computed tomography: A retrospective radio-anatomical study

Background: Rosenmuller fossa (RF) is known as a lateral pharyngeal recess, is bilaterally located beneath the skull base and behind the torus tubarius. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is most commonly located in the RF. The purpose of this study is to evaluation of RF with cone beam computed tomography Methods: A total of 150 subjects (80 females, 70 males, 6-88 years) were included in the study. Subjects were divided into age groups (6- 20 years, 21-30 years, 31-40 years, 41-50 years, 51-60 years, over 60 years) and gender. Result: There is no statistically significant difference between class (RF type) and gender (p = 0.086). There is a statistically significant association between the categories of age group and class variables (p = 0.015). RF type 1 was more common in the 6-20 age and 21-30 age groups, whereas RF type 3 was more common in the 41-50 age and 51-60 age groups. Conclusion: When the literature was investigated, it was not found a study evaluating RF with cone beam computed tomography. When considering clinical significance, RF should be searched and examined in larger populations. KEYWORDS  Cone beam computed tomography, Rosenmuller  Fossa, Nasopharyngeal Carcinom

Derin öğrenme yöntemi ile panoramik radyografiden diş eksikliklerinin tespiti: Bir yapay zekâ pilot çalışması

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, panoramik radyografide diş eksikliklerinin değerlendirilmesi için tasarlanmış tanı amaçlı bilgisayar yazılımının işlevini geliştirmek ve değerlendirmektir.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Veri seti eksik diş tespiti için 99 tam diş ve 54 eksik diş olmak üzere 153 görüntüden oluşmaktadır. Tüm görüntüler Ağız, Diş ve Çene Radyolojisi uzmanları tarafından tekrar kontrol edilmiş ve doğrulanmıştır. Veri setindeki tüm görüntüler eğitim öncesinde 971 X 474 piksel olarak yeniden boyutlandırılmıştır. Açık kaynak kodlu python programlama dili ve OpenCV, NumPy, Pandas, ile Matplotlib kütüphaneleri etkin olarak kullanılarak bir rastgele dizilim oluşturulmuştur. Önceden eğitilmiş bir Google Net Inception v3 CNN ağı ön işleme için kullanılmış ve veri setleri transfer öğrenimi kullanılarak eğitilmiştir.Bulgular: Eğitim de kullanılan görüntülerin modeli tahminlendirmesi ile çıkan başarı oranı % 94.7’dir. Eğitimde kullanılmayan test için ayrılan görüntülerin tahminlemesindeki başarı oranı % 75’dir. Sonuç: Derin öğrenme tekniklerinde veri seti arttıkça başarı oranları da artmaktadır. Daha fazla görüntüyle oluşacak veri setininin eğitim modellerinde başarı oranları yükselecektir. Gelecek çalışmalar daha büyük veri setleriyle yapılmalıdır.ANAHTAR KELİMELER Panoramik radyografi, derin öğrenme, yapay zek

Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Interact and Interfere with SARS‐CoV‐2 Surface Proteins and Cell Receptors to Inhibit Infectivity

From Wiley via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: received 2021-03-13, pub-electronic 2021-05-14Article version: VoRPublication status: PublishedFunder: University of PaduaFunder: UKRI EPSRC; Grant(s): EP/P00119X/1Funder: Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA)Funder: Scientific and Technology Council of Turkey; Grant(s): 18AG020Funder: Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi; Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004412; Grant(s): GEBIP 2018Funder: Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştirma Kurumu; Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004410; Grant(s): 18AG020Funder: Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000266; Grant(s): EP/P00119X/1Abstract: Nanotechnology can offer a number of options against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) acting both extracellularly and intracellularly to the host cells. Here, the aim is to explore graphene oxide (GO), the most studied 2D nanomaterial in biomedical applications, as a nanoscale platform for interaction with SARS‐CoV‐2. Molecular docking analyses of GO sheets on interaction with three different structures: SARS‐CoV‐2 viral spike (open state – 6VYB or closed state – 6VXX), ACE2 (1R42), and the ACE2‐bound spike complex (6M0J) are performed. GO shows high affinity for the surface of all three structures (6M0J, 6VYB and 6VXX). When binding affinities and involved bonding types are compared, GO interacts more strongly with the spike or ACE2, compared to 6M0J. Infection experiments using infectious viral particles from four different clades as classified by Global Initiative on Sharing all Influenza Data (GISAID), are performed for validation purposes. Thin, biological‐grade GO nanoscale (few hundred nanometers in lateral dimension) sheets are able to significantly reduce copies for three different viral clades. This data has demonstrated that GO sheets have the capacity to interact with SARS‐CoV‐2 surface components and disrupt infectivity even in the presence of any mutations on the viral spike. GO nanosheets are proposed to be further explored as a nanoscale platform for development of antiviral strategies against COVID‐19

MANDİBULA OSTEOSARKOMUNDA ULTRASONOGRAFİDE GÜNEŞ IŞINI GÖRÜNÜMÜ: NADİR BİR OLGU SUNUMU

Osteosarcoma comprises 23% of head and neck malignancies. Studies show that 6% to 9% of all osteosarcomas are seen inthe maxilla and mandible. In osteosarcoma in jaws, the survival rate is higher and the risk of metastasis is lower compared toosteosarcoma in the extremities. The gold standard in osteosarcoma diagnosis is computed tomography and magneticresonance imaging. ‘Sunray appearance’ is a common radiologic finding of sarcomas. A 29-year-old male patient received to ourclinic with pain and swelling in the right mandible. Extra-oral examination revealed that facial asymmetry and significantswelling in the right mandible. On the cone beam computerized tomography examination, a lytic, mixed lesion area wasobserved with conical shaped root resorption around the mandibular right second premolar and first molar tooth roots.Ultrasound examination revealed that thinning, expansion, and erosion of the buccal cortical bone and 'sunray appearance' inthe mandible. Cone beam computerized tomography and ultrasound have become an important diagnostic technique for theevaluation of maxillofacial pathologies. Ultrasound imaging is a rapid technique that aids in the early and differential diagnosisof pathologies. Sunray appearance is a pathognomic finding for osteosarcoma. In present case report, diagnosticultrasonography is the second case in the literature used in osteosarcoma of the mandible.Keywords: Cone beam computed tomography, jaw osteosarcoma, sunray, ultrasonography&nbsp;</p

Incidence of anomalous canals in the base of the skull: a retrospective radio-anatomical study using cone-beam computed tomography

Purpose Several skull-base foramina including foramen meningo-orbitale, craniopharyngeal canals, canaliculus innominatus, foramen vesalius, palatovaginal canals, and canalis basalis medianus are visible on cone-beam computed tomographs. A good understanding of the anatomical variants of these foramina is important to accurately diagnose fractures, understand the paths that infections may take, and identify associated anomalies. We used cone-beam computed tomography to measure the incidences of skull-base foramen variants in a normal population. Methods A total of 350 subjects (200 females, 150 males, 6-30 years of age) were included. The prevalences of foramen meningo-orbitale, craniopharyngeal canals, canaliculus innominatus, foramina vesalius, palatovaginal canals, and canalis basalis medianus were evaluated by age and gender. Results Subject age ranged from 6 to 30 years (mean age +/- SD = 15.1 +/- 4.08). Foramen meningo-orbitale, craniopharyngeal canals, canaliculus innominatus, foramen vesalius, palatovaginal canal, and canalis basalis medianus were observed in 51 (14.6%), 19 (5.4%), 60 (17.1%), 145 (41.1%), 34 (9.7%), and 15 (4.3%) patients, respectively. Conclusions Skull-base foramina are important clinically and radiologically. Imaging of such variants via cone-beam computed tomography is valuable for both physicians and patients. Few studies of skull-base foramina have used cone-beam computed tomography. Additional research is required for a fuller understanding of this phenomenon

SUNRAY APPEARANCE ON SONOGRAPHY IN OSTEOSARCOMA OF THE MANDIBLE: A RARE CASE REPORT

Osteosarcoma comprises 23% of head and neck malignancies. Studies show that 6% to 9% of all osteosarcomas are seen inthe maxilla and mandible. In osteosarcoma in jaws, the survival rate is higher and the risk of metastasis is lower compared toosteosarcoma in the extremities. The gold standard in osteosarcoma diagnosis is computed tomography and magneticresonance imaging. ‘Sunray appearance’ is a common radiologic finding of sarcomas. A 29-year-old male patient received to ourclinic with pain and swelling in the right mandible. Extra-oral examination revealed that facial asymmetry and significantswelling in the right mandible. On the cone beam computerized tomography examination, a lytic, mixed lesion area wasobserved with conical shaped root resorption around the mandibular right second premolar and first molar tooth roots.Ultrasound examination revealed that thinning, expansion, and erosion of the buccal cortical bone and 'sunray appearance' inthe mandible. Cone beam computerized tomography and ultrasound have become an important diagnostic technique for theevaluation of maxillofacial pathologies. Ultrasound imaging is a rapid technique that aids in the early and differential diagnosisof pathologies. Sunray appearance is a pathognomic finding for osteosarcoma. In present case report, diagnosticultrasonography is the second case in the literature used in osteosarcoma of the mandible.Keywords: Cone beam computed tomography, jaw osteosarcoma, sunray, ultrasonography&nbsp;</p

Bazı Palaearktik Stenopogon Loew, 1847 (Diptera: Asilidae: Stenopogoninae: Stenopogonini) türlerinin spermateka yapısına dayalı morfolojik analizi

Bu çalışmada bazı Stenepogon türlerinin dişileri sistematik ve filogenetik olarak spermateka morfolojisi yardımı ile değerlendirilmiştir. Stenepogon’un sekiz türü ve iki alttürünün (S. coracinus, S. elongatus S. flavibarbis, S. junceus, S. laevigatus, S. nigriventris, S. schisticolor, S. strateagus, S. sabaudus harpax, S. xanthotrichus xanthomelas) spermatekaları Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu kullanarak incelenmiş ve cluster analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Değerlendirilen Stenepogon türleri spiral sayısı ve rezervuarın çapına göre, A ve B olmak üzere iki ana gruba ayrılmaktadır. A grubu daha sonra A1, A2 ve A3 olmak üzere üç, B grubu ise B1 ve B2 olmak üzere iki alt gruba ayrılmaktadır. Hem A hem de B grubu monofiletiktir.Females of some Stenopogon species were compared both systematically and phylogenetically utilizing spermatheca morphology. The spermathecae of 8 species and 2 subspecies of Stenopogon (S. coracinus, S. elongatus S. flavibarbis, S. junceus, S. laevigatus, S. nigriventris, S. schisticolor, S. strateagus, S. sabaudus harpax, and S. xanthotrichus xanthomelas) were examined using a scanning electron microscope and subsequently analyzed with cluster analysis. Taxa of evaluated Stenopogon were found to be separated into 2 primary groups, A and B, based on the number of spirals and the diameter of the reservoir. Group A further separated into the sub-groups A1, A2, and A3, while group B separated into 2 sub-groups, B1 and B2. Species of both group A and group B were found to be monophyletic