Security and privacy analysis based on Internet of Things in the fourth industrial generation (Industry 4.0)

The connection of smart devices using the Internet has dramatically changed the way people live, and this concept has also been extended to the industrial sector. This practice not only provides more stable, faster, and safer communications but also makes it possible to realize the concept of the smart factory in the fourth industrial revolution. The Internet of Things uses a unique Internet Protocol to identify, control, and transmit data to individuals as well as databases. Data is collected through the Internet of Things, stored in cloud storage, and managed and calculated through analytical tools. Internet of Things security is a field of technology that focuses on protecting connected devices and networks in the Internet of Things (IoT). Ensuring the safety of networks with connected IoT devices is critical. Security in the Internet of Things includes a wide range of techniques, strategies, protocols, and measures aimed at mitigating the ever-increasing vulnerabilities of the Internet of Things in modern businesses. The simultaneous connection of objects also brings privacy concerns. For this reason, in this research, an effort has been made to examine and analyze the most important privacy requirements in the Internet of Things in digital businesses in Industry 4.0. In this regard, by using experts' opinions and literature review, privacy requirements were extracted and evaluated using fuzzy non-linear decision-making methodology. The results showed that acquired and intrinsic information has the highest importance

Business Model of Internet of Things and Blockchain Technology in Developing Countries

The Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain are new concepts in the world of technology and communication, and communication in them is provided for any creature (human, objects), the ability to send data through communication networks, whether the Internet or intranet. IoT is known as one of the most important axes of future technology and has received considerable attention from all industries. Today, a large number of different parts of the Internet of Things are designed only for specific businesses, which indicates the acceptance of a large number of organizations to use this equipment, and of course, various technologies are also used in this field, including artificial intelligence and cloud computing. The purpose of this research is to investigate the use of Internet of Things in business and its business models. There are also frameworks for the easier development of business models, which this article is the framework of business models in electronic commerce for the program. Internet of Things and Blockchain according to the research/interview literature. These frameworks can be used by developers as a starting point for creating a business model for IoT and blockchain applications in developing countries

Internet of Things for Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Software: Opportunities and Benefits

Customer relationship management software has many advantages for different businesses and economic enterprises. Today, the Internet has become the main tool for information exchange, business, communication, and an integral part of daily life. Internet technologies have witnessed fundamental changes in the way of interaction over a decade. With new technology, objects are also connected to the Internet and with humans; Intelligent systems and data are interacting and exchanging. The Internet of Things will increase the maturity level of customer relationships and will have a profound impact on customer relationship management. This is because the huge data of the Internet of Things contains information about the customer, and textual inputs can greatly increase the capabilities of managing relationships with customers. Therefore, the future of customer relationship management will be provided by cognitive computing, big data analysis, and creating deep knowledge in organizations. In this paper, the vital features and opportunities, and benefits of CRM systems based on the Internet of Things have been examined

Humans, animals, things and animacy

Animacy influences the patterns of subject-verb agreement marking in many languages, including Persian and Inari Saami. In Persian, animate plural subjects trigger plural agreement on the verb, whereas inanimate subjects may or may not trigger agreement. The variation is governed by factors such as personification, agency and distributivity. In Inari Saami, verbs fully agree with human subjects and verbs partially agree with inanimate subjects. Verbs may or may not agree with subjects referring to animals. We argue that the intricate interaction between biological animacy and grammatical agreement in these two languages warrants careful consideration of the tripartite distinction between biological animacy in the world, our conceptualization of animacy and formal animacy features in the grammar

Animacy Distinctions Arise from Iterated Learning

Linguistic animacy reflects a particular construal of biological distinctions encountered in the world, passed through cultural and cognitive filters. This study explores the process by which our construal of animacy becomes encoded in the grammars of human languages. We ran an iterated learning experiment investigating the effect of animacy on language transmission. Participants engaged in a simple artificial language learning task in which they were asked to learn which affix was assigned to each noun in the language. Though initially random, the language each participant produced at test became the language that the subsequent participant in a chain was trained on. Results of the experiment were analysed in terms of learnability, measured through the accuracy of responses, and structure, using an entropy measure. We found that the learnability of languages increased over generations, as expected, but entropy did not decrease. Languages did not become formally simpler over time. Instead, structure emerged through a reorganisation of noun classes around animacy-based categories. The use of semantic animacy distinctions allowed languages to retain morphological complexity while becoming more learnable. Our study shows that grammatical reflexes of animacy distinctions can arise out of learning alone, and that structuring grammar based on animacy can make languages more learnable

Humans, Animals, Things and Animacy

Animacy influences the patterns of subject-verb agreement marking in many languages, including Persian and Inari Saami. In Persian, animate plural subjects trigger plural agreement on the verb, whereas inanimate subjects may or may not trigger agreement. The variation is governed by factors such as personification, agency and distributivity. In Inari Saami, verbs fully agree with human subjects and verbs partially agree with inanimate subjects. Verbs may or may not agree with subjects referring to animals. We argue that the intricate interaction between biological animacy and grammatical agreement in these two languages warrants careful consideration of the tripartite distinction between biological animacy in the world, our conceptualization of animacy and formal animacy features in the grammar

A Novel Optimization Approach for Educational Class Scheduling with considering the Students and Teachers’ Preferences

University class scheduling problem is one of the most important and complex issues in the academic field. This problem is recognized as one of the NP-HARD issues due to its various limitations. On the contrary, genetic algorithms are commonly used to solve NP-HARD problems, which is one of the decision-making problems and is basically one of the most fundamental classes of complexity. The university course planning includes severe constraints such as classroom, classroom curriculum, and faculty. At the same time, some soft constraints should be considered, such as student and faculty preferences and favorite class time. In this research, as a novel contribution, an integer model for scheduling university classes is presented. In this model, the preferences of professors and students are in accordance with the satisfaction values obtained through questionnaires. Moreover, a genetic algorithm has been developed to solve the model. The results show that the classroom timeline by this algorithm goes well during each run. Moreover, considering an exploratory search for the genetic algorithm can greatly improve the performance of this algorithm

Association between ECG changes in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction with and without collateral coronary vessels

Background- Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of morbidity and cardiovascular mortality. The presence of collateral coronary vessels is believed to be a good prognostic factor. Accordingly, this study was performed to compare electrocardiographic (ECG) changes in MI patients with and without collaterals. Methods and Materials- This study was performed as a cross-sectional study among 200 patients admitted for MI in a training hospital in 2011 and 2012. The study population was divided into two categories: patients with collateral coronary vessels and those without them. ECG findings were compared between the two groups. Results- Among the ECG findings, only the QRS pattern in V1 was associated with the presence of collateral vessels. Abnormal QRS axis, pathological Q wave, persistent ST increase/decrease, QRS notch, PR interval, and QRS duration were not related to the presence of collateral vessels (p value > 0.05). Conclusions- According to our results, it may be concluded that ECG changes are not related to the presence of collateral coronary vessels in angiographic assessment. It is recommended that further studies be carried out with evaluation of ECG and after one-month catheterization results of patients to obtain more definite results

Effect of Different Culture Media on the Micropropagation of GF677 (Prunusamygdalus ×P. persica)

Introduction: The GF677(Prunusamygdalus×P. persica) is a peach rootstock tolerant to Fe deficiency. Nowadays, it is mainly propagated through micro propagation. Widening and undesirable growth of leaves as well as poor rooting are major problems during its in vitro culture. GF-677 is one of the most suitable rootstocks for almond and peach used in calcareous soils to overcome lime-induced chlorosis. Therefore, in vitro micro propagation is important for commercial purposes. Using liquid medium, it may be possible to reduce costs to a level lower than solid medium and liquid medium is better than solid medium in growth. Both the brand and concentration of agar also affect the chemical and physical characteristics of a culture medium. One of the main factors on micropropagation is hormone specially BAP. Furthermore, shoot branching depends on the initiation and activity of axillary meristems, which usually controlled by cytokinin. The rooting stage, the induction of roots on explants from in vitro culture is crucial part in any micropropagation process. The ability of plant tissue to form adventitious roots depends on interaction of many exogenous and endogenous factors, including hormone. Most reports of adventitious root induction of woody species have involved treatments with exogenous auxins such as IBA, NAA or IAA. Dimassi-Theriou (1995) for rooting of GF-677 compared different culture media and results on the rooting of these rootstocks depend on the type of medium culture. Materials and Methods: Axillary shoot of GF677 was cultured on both liquid and solid media. In proliferation step both liquid and solid media (MS, DKW and WPM) were used in primary stages of the experiment. Medium containing BAP 1mg.land-1 NAA 0.1mg.l-1. Under growth chamber conditions, light intensity was maintained at 2500-3000 lux with an 8-hour dark period. For rooting, 3-4 cm-long shoots from previous culture were transferred to 1/2 MS medium containing IBA (0, 0.5, 1 and 1/5mg.l-1) and 6 , 0 g l-1 agar. Darkness during the last week of the rooting phase has been shown to be necessary in stimulating rooting in some woody species. Note that the room temperature was maintained at 25°C during this experimental stage. The experiment was carried out based on factorial adopted completely randomized design with 5 replications per treatment. Explants shoot lengths, shoot numbers, root lengths and root numbers were recorded after 4 weeks which propagated plants via tissue culture were transferred to soil medium using 50% peat and 50% perlit mixture. Results and Discussion: Shoot proliferation: The observation indicates that there were significant differences between solid and liquid media. Best results were achieved for proliferation by liquid medium and among which MS obtained the highest frequency. The highest number of shoot was observed in MS medium and the lowest number of shoot was observed in WPM medium. Increasing mineral concentration resulted in increased multiplication, growth rate and total mineral uptake by GF677 explants. Root initiation of in vitro: Various concentrations of IBA showed significant differences. The maximum number of roots and root length were observed in the medium containing 0.5 mg.l-1 IBA. The best results were obtained for rooting in liquid 1/2 MS supplemented with 0.5 mg.l-1 IBA. The mean survival of the plants were transferred to liquid medium (75%) and mean survival of the plants were transferred from the solid culture medium (50%). Conclusion: In conclusion, a micropropagation system for GF677 has been worked out utilizing nodal explants. Our investigation showed that the liquid MS medium with 1 mg.lit-1 BAP was the best for proliferation of GF677 and micropropagated plants were rooted and established in soil successfully. WPM medium is higher in chloride level which has been reported to result in growth depression in plants due to inhibited nutrient uptake, transport and utilization of nutrients variation in multiplication and growth of explants can be explained on the basis of water potential and mineral availability to the explants in the liquid medium. Many investigators have reported that IBA has a better effect on promoting adventitious root formation in comparison to IAA. The best results were obtained for rooting in 1/2 MS supplemented with 0.5 mg. l/1 IBA

Attenuation of Inflammatory Responses in Breast and Ovarian Cancer Cells by a Novel Chalcone Derivative and Its Increased Potency by Curcumin

Background. Breast and ovarian cancers are two common malignancies in women and a leading cause of death globally. The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of a novel chalcone derivative 1-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-3-(phenylthio)-3-(p-tolyl)propane-1-one (MPP) individually or combined with curcumin, a well-known herbal medicine with anticancer properties, as a new combination therapy on inflammatory pathways in breast and ovarian cancer cell lines. Methods. LPS-induced NF-κB DNA-binding activity and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines were measured in the MPP- and MPP-curcumin combination-treated MDA-MB-231 and SKOV3 cells by ELISA-based methods. The expression of COX2, INOS, and MMP9 genes and nitrite levels was also evaluated by real-time qRT-PCR and Griess method, respectively. IκB levels were evaluated by Western blotting. Results. MPP significantly inhibited the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB in each cell line and subsequently suppressed the expression of downstream genes including COX2, MMP9, and INOS. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines, as well as NO, were also decreased in response to MPP. All the effects of MPP were enhanced by the addition of curcumin. MPP, especially when combined with curcumin, caused a remarkable increase in the concentration of IκB. Conclusion. MPP and its coadministration with curcumin effectively reduced the activity of the NF-κB signaling pathway, leading to a reduced inflammatory response in the environment of cancer cells. Thus, MPP, either alone or combined with curcumin, might be considered an effective remedy for the suppression of inflammatory processes in breast and ovarian cancer cells