Epuraea imperialis (Reitter, 1877). New invasive species of Nitidulidae (Coleoptera) in Europe, with a checklist of sap beetles introduced to Europe and Mediterranean areas

Australian species Epuraea imperialis (Reitter, 1877), previously introduced to New Zealand, is recorded as a new invasive species from the Canary Islands, Continental Spain, Portugal, France, Belgium, and Italy. It is redescribed and figured, and its taxonomic position in the genus Epuraea Erichson, 1843 is discussed. A tentative checklist of sap beetles introduced to Europe and the Mediterranean areas is finally included

Partial replacement of sodium in meat and fish products by using magnesium salts. A review

[EN] Sodium intake exceeds the nutritional recommendations in most industrialized countries becoming one concern for public health. This elimination or reduction is not simple due to its role in final food sensory, quality and safety. The aim of this work is to review the possibilities of magnesium ion, due to its healthy properties, to become a partial substitute of sodium in the production of fish and meat products, and a particular case for Spanish dry-cured ham and loin. Magnesium diffusion into different muscle based foods such as ham or loin, and its effect in the most important characteristics of the final product (microbiology, physico-chemical and sensory properties) has been analyzed. Results show that magnesium has more difficulty to penetrate inside the muscle and slightly modifies the water-holding capacity of proteins, their solubility and the enzymatic activity. Salty taste, bitterness and off-flavor are the most affected characteristics. However, these effects could be compensated by using longer post-salting periods and by employing masking agents. It is possible to reduce the sodium content in fish and meat products using magnesium as one of the ingredients, allowing to obtain new products with similar physicochemical characteristics and safety conditions.Grant AGL2007-65379-C02-01 & 02 and AGL2010-16305 from Ministry of Science and Innovation (Spain) and FEDER funds are acknowledged.Barat Baviera, JM.; Pérez-Esteve, É.; Aristoy, MC.; Toldra, F. (2013). Partial replacement of sodium in meat and fish products by using magnesium salts. A review. Plant and Soil. 368(1-2):179-188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1461-7S1791883681-2Albarracín W, Sánchez IC, Grau R, Barat JM (2011) Salt in food processing; usage and reduction: a review. Int J Food Sci Technol 46:1329–1336Aliño M, Grau R, Baigts D, Barat JM (2009a) Influence of sodium replacement on the salting kinetics of pork loin. J Food Eng 95:551–557Aliño M, Grau R, Toldrá F, Blesa E, Pagán MJ, Barat JM (2009b) Influence of sodium replacement on physicochemical properties of dry-cured loin. Meat Sci 83:423–430Aliño M, Grau R, Toldrá F, Barat JM (2010a) Physicochemical changes in dry-cured hams salted with potassium, calcium and magnesium chloride as a partial replacement for sodium chloride. Meat Sci 86:331–336Aliño M, Grau R, Toldrá F, Blesa E, Pagán MJ, Barat JM (2010b) Physicochemical properties and microbiology of dry-cured loins obtained by partial sodium replacement with potassium, calcium and magnesium. Meat Sci 85:580–588Aliño M, Grau R, Fuentes A, Barat JM (2010c) Characterisation of pile salting with sodium replaced mixtures of salts in dry-cured loin manufacture. J Food Eng 97:434–439Aliño M, Grau R, Fuentes A, Barat JM (2010d) Influence of low-sodium mixtures of salts on the post-salting stage of dry-cured ham process. J Food Eng 99:198–205Andrés AI, Cava R, Ventanas J, Thovar V, Ruiz J (2004) Sensory characteristics of Iberian ham: influence of salt content and processing conditions. Meat Sci 68:45–51Andrés A, Barat JM, Grau R, Fito P (2007) Principles of drying and smoking. In: Toldrá F, Hui YH, Nip W, Sebranek JG, Stahnke L, Silveira EF, Talon R (eds) Handbook of fermented meat and poultry. IFT Press – Blackwell Publishing, Ames, pp 37–50Armenteros M, Aristoy MC, Toldrá F (2009a) Effect of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium chloride salts on pork muscle proteases. Eur Food Res Tech 229:93–98Armenteros M, Aristoy MC, Barat JM, Toldrá F (2009b) Biochemical and sensory properties of dry-cured loins as affected by partial replacement of sodium by potassium, calcium and magnesium. J Agric Food Chem 57:9699–9705Armenteros M, Aristoy MC, Barat JM, Toldrá F (2012) Biochemical and sensory changes in dry-cured ham salted with partial replacement of sodium by a mixture of potassium, calcium and magnesium. Meat Sci 90:361–367Barat JM, Toldrá F (2011) Reducing salts in processed meat products. In: Kerry JP, Kerry JF (eds) Processed meats: improving safety, nutrition and quality. Woodhead Publishing Ltd, Cambridge, pp 331–345Barat JM, Grau R, Fito P, Chiralt A (2006) Vacuum salting for accelerating processing of dry-cured ham. In: Nollet L, Toldra F (eds) Advanced technologies for meat processing. Marcel Dekker, Inc, New York, pp 353–369Blesa E, Aliño M, Barat JM, Grau R, Toldrá F, Pagán MJ (2008) Microbiology and physico-chemical changes of dry-cured ham during the post-salting stage as affected by partial replacement of NaCl by other salts. Meat Sci 78:135–142Burckel A, Martin F, Leclerc C (2003) Food supplement composition and use thereof. Patent WO03053163Chigurupati SR (2007) Low-sodium salt composition. Patent WO2007032941Costa-Corredor A, Serra X, Arnau J, Gou P (2009) Reduction of NaCl content in restructured dry-cured hams: Post-resting temperature and drying level effects on physicochemical and sensory parameters. Meat Sci 83:390–397Curtis RA, Lue L (2006) A molecular approach to bioseparations: protein–protein and protein–salt interactions. Chem Eng Sci 61:907–923Dahl LK (1972) Salt and hypertension. Am J Clinic Nutr 25:231–244DeHoff RT (2006) Thermodynamic in materials science. Taylor and Francis, New York, 605 ppEFSA Journal (2005) Opinion of the scientific panel on dietetic products, nutrition and allergies on a request from the commission related to the tolerable upper intake level of sodium (Request N EFSA-Q-2003–018).Flores M, Gianelli MP, Pérez-Juan M, Toldrá F (2007) Headspace concentration of selected dry-cured aroma compounds in model systems as affected by curing agents. 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Meat Sci 71:194–204Imada T, Ishida M, Kono R, Arai H, So R, Kimura E (2010) Salty taste enhancer containing magnesium glutamate. Patent JP 2010011807A.Institute of Medicine (1997) Dietary reference intakes for calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, and fluoride. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, p 448Lahtinen S (1986) Masking the bitter taste of salt substitutes with lactose in combination with sucrose, or glucose and galactose in food emulsions. J Food Qual 9:199–204Lawless HT, Rapacki F, Horne J, Hayes A (2003) The taste of calcium and magnesium salts and anionic modifications. Food Qual Pref 14:319–325Lesage L, Voilley A, Lorient D, Bézard J (1993) Sodium chloride and magnesium chloride affected by ripening of Camembert cheese. J Food Sci 58:303–1306Martin BJ (1990) The magnesium load test: experience in the elderly. Ageing 2:291–296Martín L, Córdoba JJ, Antequera T, Timón ML, Ventanas J (1998) Effects of salt and temperature on proteolysis during ripening of Iberian ham. 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Research agenda for SMEs in electronic platforms for the European food industry

Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.Purpose – This paper sets out to provide a consensus position on the potential for the inclusion of small businesses in electronic platforms in the food industry. Design/methodology/approach – The consensus was derived through a Delphi-type series of questions in an open forum of academics and industrialists across Europe. Findings – The consensus reached was of the proven benefits of electronic platforms for small businesses and the need for further research to assess how small businesses can incorporate electronic traceability and supply chain management systems into their existing operations. Practical implications – Electronic platforms are spreading rapidly in the food industry. However, there is some concern that small businesses are not aware of the potential for electronic supply chains such as the potential that electronic traceability offers smaller networks to supply highly demanded food quality attributes such as organic production and regional foods. Originality/value – The paper addresses the highly topical issue of food origin with a new approach to the supply technologies behind the product.EC/FP6/7124/EU/E-PLATFORM TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE EUROPEAN AGRO-FOOD SUPPLY CHAIN/E-MENS

Children's consumption of rabbit meat

[EN] The nutritional and dietary properties of rabbit meat make it an ideal food for children, recommended by the World Health Organisation. However, the presence of children under 18 in the home has been found to decrease the frequency of rabbit meat consumption. If we focus on households with children under 18, 52.5% of minors do not consume rabbit meat. The main reason why children (intended as people under 18 yr old) do not consume rabbit meat is the fact that they do not like it (40.9%) and because it is not bought/eaten at home (30.9%). Faced with this situation, there is a pressing need to seek appropriate strategies to adapt rabbit meat for consumption by the youngest family members. In light of the results, the following strategies are proposed. First, the development of functional foods for babies and children, such as rabbit meat enriched with ω3 and docosahexaenoic acid. Secondly, improving meat tenderness. Third, adapting rabbit meat presentations for children (burgers, nuggets, sausages, marinades …), converting them into convenience products for parents and extending their shelf life. Fourth, adapting the labelling/packaging for children to attract attention of both parents and offspring. Finally, developing communication strategies on the nutritional value of rabbit meat aimed at both children and parents. It is observed that if minors consume rabbit meat, they also eat other types of meat such as lamb and beef more often. Therefore, in this type of households a varied and complete diet is consumed in terms of meat consumption, so it would be necessary to rethink joint communication strategies among the three meat sectors. Promoting rabbit meat consumption among the under 18s has several consequences, as in the future they will be in charge of household purchases or share this responsibility.Escribá-Pérez, C.; Baviera-Puig, A.; Montero-Vicente, L.; Buitrago-Vera, J. (2019). Children's consumption of rabbit meat. World Rabbit Science. 27(3):113-122. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2019.11991SWORD113122273Baviera-Puig A., Buitrago-Vera J., Escribá-Pérez C., Montero-Vicente L. 2017. Rabbit meat sector value chain. World Rabbit Sci., 25: 95-108. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2017.6565Bernués A., Olaizola A., Corcoran K. 2003. Labelling information demanded by European consumers and relationships with purchasing motives, quality and safety of meat. Meat Sci., 65: 1095-1106. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0309-1740(02)00327-3Buitrago-Vera J., Escribá-Pérez C., Baviera-Puig A., Montero-Vicente L. 2016. Consumer segmentation based on food-related lifestyles and analysis of rabbit meat consumption. World Rabbit Sci., 24: 169-182. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2016.4229Cea M.A. 2010. Métodos de encuesta. Teoría y práctica, errores y mejora. Síntesis, S.A., Madrid, Spain.Clayton E.H., Hanstock T.L., Watson J.F. 2009. Estimated intakes of meat and fish by children and adolescents in Australia and comparison with recommendations. Br. J. Nutr., 101: 1731-1735. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007114508135887Cobos A., Cambero M.I., Ordóñez J.A., De la Hoz L. 1993. Effect of fat‐enriched diets on rabbit meat fatty acid composition. J. Sci. Food Agric., 62: 83-88. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740620112Cofnas N. 2018. Is vegetarianism healthy for children? Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2018.1437024Cooke L.J., Wardle J. 2005. Age and gender differences in children's food preferences. Br. J. Nutr., 93: 741-746. https://doi.org/10.1079/bjn20051389Cullere M., Dalle Zotte A. 2018. Rabbit meat production and consumption: State of knowledge and future perspectives. Meat Sci., 143: 137-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.04.029Dalle Zotte A. 2002. Perception of rabbit meat quality and major factors influencing the rabbit carcass and meat quality. Livest. Prod. Sci., 75: 11-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0301-6226(01)00308-6Dalle Zotte A., Szendrő Z. 2011. The role of rabbit meat as functional food. Meat Sci., 88: 319-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2011.02.017Engelmann M.D.M., Sandström B., Michaelsen K.F. 1998. Meat Intake and Iron Status in Late Infancy: An Intervention Study. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr., 26: 26-33. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005176-199801000-00005Escribá-Pérez C., Baviera-Puig A., Buitrago-Vera J., Montero-Vicente L. 2017. Consumer profile analysis for different types of meat in Spain. Meat Sci., 129: 120-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2017.02.015Font-i-Furnols M., Guerrero L. 2014. Consumer preference, behavior and perception about meat and meat products: An overview. Meat Sci., 98: 361-371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.06.025González-Redondo P., Contreras-Chacón G.M. 2012. Perceptions among university students in Seville (Spain) of the rabbit as livestock and as companion animal. World Rabbit Sci., 20: 155-162. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2012.1147González-Redondo P., Mena Y., Fernández-Cabanás V.M. 2010. Factors affecting rabbit meat consumption among Spanish university students. Ecol. Food Nutr., 49: 298-315. https://doi.org/10.1080/03670244.2010.491053Halford J.C.G., Gillespie J., Brown V., Pontin E.E., Dovey T.M. 2004. Effect of television advertisements for foods on food consumption in children. Appetite, 42: 221-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2003.11.006Hermida M., González M., Miranda M., Rodríguez-Otero J.L. 2006. Mineral analysis in rabbit meat from Galicia (NW Spain). Meat Sci., 73: 635-639. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2006.03.004Hernández P. 2008. Enhancement of nutritional quality and safety in rabbit meat. In Proc.: 9th World Rabbit Congress, 10-13 June, 2008. Verona, Italy. 1: 1287-1300.Ilicic J., Baxter S.M., Kulczynski A. 2018. To Meet or Meat? Homophones in Advertising Encourage Judgments and Behaviors in Children. J. 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Lower risk of death and cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes initiating glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists or sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors: A real-world study in two Italian cohorts

Aim: To examine the efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors compared with other antihyperglycaemic agents (AHAs) in large and unselected populations of the Lombardy and Apulia regions in Italy. Materials and Methods: An observational cohort study of first-time users of GLP-1RAs, SGLT2 inhibitors or other AHAs was conducted from 2010 to 2018. Death and cardiovascular (CV) events were evaluated using conditional Cox models in propensity-score-matched populations. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for each region and in a meta-analysis for pooled risks. Results: After propensity-score matching, the Lombardy cohort included 18 716 and 11 683 patients and the Apulia cohort 9772 and 6046 patients for the GLP-1RA and SGLT2 inhibitor groups, respectively. Use of GLP-1RAs was associated with lower rates of death (HR 0.61, CI 0.56-0.65, Lombardy; HR 0.63, CI 0.55-0.71, Apulia), cerebrovascular disease and ischaemic stroke (HR 0.70, CI 0.63-0.79; HR 0.72, CI 0.60-0.87, Lombardy), peripheral vascular disease (HR 0.72, CI 0.64-0.82, Lombardy; HR 0.80, CI 0.67-0.98, Apulia), and lower limb complications (HR 0.67, CI 0.56-0.81, Lombardy; HR 0.69, CI 0.51-0.93, Apulia). Compared with other AHAs, SGLT2 inhibitor use decreased the risk of death (HR 0.47, CI 0.40-0.54, Lombardy; HR 0.43, CI 0.32-0.57, Apulia), cerebrovascular disease (HR 0.75, CI 0.61-0.91, Lombardy; HR 0.72, CI 0.54-0.96, Apulia), and heart failure (HR 0.56, CI 0.46-0.70, Lombardy; HR 0.57, CI 0.42-0.77, Apulia). In the pooled cohorts, a reduction in heart failure was also observed with GLP-1RAs (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.82-0.97). Serious adverse events were quite low in frequency. Conclusion: Our findings from real-world practice confirm the favourable effect of GLP-1RAs and SGLT2 inhibitors on death and CV outcomes across both regions consistently. Thus, these drug classes should be preferentially considered in a broad type 2 diabetes population beyond those with CV disease

Business opportunities analysis using GIS: the retail distribution sector

[EN] The retail distribution sector is facing a difficult time as the current landscape is characterized by ever-increasing competition. In these conditions, the search for an appropriate location strategy has the potential to become a differentiating and competitive factor. Although, in theory, an increasing level of importance is placed on geography because of its key role in understanding the success of a business, this is not the case in practice. For this reason, the process outlined in this paper has been specifically developed to detect new business locations. The methodology consists of a range of analyzes with Geographical Information Systems (GISs) from a marketing point of view. This new approach is called geomarketing. First, geodemand and geocompetition are located on two separate digital maps using spatial and non-spatial databases. Second, a third map is obtained by matching this information with the demand not dealt with properly by the current commercial offer. Third, the Kernel density allows users to visualize results, thus facilitating decision-making by managers, regardless of their professional background. The advantage of this methodology is the capacity of GIS to handle large amounts of information, both spatial and non-spatial. A practical application is performed in Murcia (Spain) with 100 supermarkets and data at a city block level, which is the highest possible level of detail. This detection process can be used in any commercial distribution company, so it can be generalized and considered a global solution for retailers.Roig Tierno, H.; Baviera-Puig, A.; Buitrago Vera, JM. (2013). Business opportunities analysis using GIS: the retail distribution sector. Global Business Perspectives. 1(3):226-238. doi:10.1007/s40196-013-0015-6S22623813Alarcón, S. (2011). The trade credit in the Spanish agrofood industry. Mediterranean Journal of Economics, Agriculture and Environment (New Medit), 10(2), 51–57.Alcaide, J. C., Calero, R., & Hernández, R. (2012). Geomarketing. Marketing territorial para vender y fidelizar más. Madrid: ESIC.Applebaum, W., & Cohen, S. B. (1961). The dynamics of store trading areas and market equilibrium. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 51(1), 73–101.Baviera-Puig, A., Buitrago-Vera, J. M., Escriba, C., & Clemente, J. S. (2009). Geomarketing: Aplicación de los sistemas de información geográfica al marketing. Paper presented at the Octava Conferencia Iberoamericana en Sistemas, Cibernética e Informática, Orlando, FL.Baviera-Puig, A., Buitrago-Vera, J. M., & Mas-Verdú, F. (2012). Trade areas and knowledge-intensive services: The case of a technology centre. Management Decision, 50(8), 1412–1424.Baviera-Puig, A., Buitrago-Vera, J. M., & Rodríguez-Barrio, J. E. (2013). Un modelo de geomarketing para la localización de supermercados: Diseño y aplicación práctica. Documentos de Trabajo de la Cátedra Fundación Ramón Areces de Distribución Comercial (DOCFRADIS), 1, 1–27.Berumen, S. A., & Llamazares, F. (2007). La utilidad los métodos de decisión multicriterio (como el AHP) en un entorno de competitividad creciente. Cuadernos de administración, 20(34), 65–87.Birkin, M., Clarke, G., & Clarke, M. (2002). Retail geography and intelligent network planning. Chichester: Wiley.Chasco, C. (2003). El geomarketing y la distribución commercial. Investigación y Márketing, 79, 6–13.Chen, R. J. C. (2007). Significance and variety of geographic information system (GIS) applications in retail, hospitality, tourism, and consumer services. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 14, 247–248.Church, R. L. (2002). Geographical information systems and location science. Computers and Operations Research, 29, 541–562.Church, R. L., & Murray, A. T. (2009). Business site selection, location analysis and GIS. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.Clarke, G. (1998). Changing methods of location planning for retail companies. GeoJournal, 45, 289–298.Clarkson, R. M., Clarke-Hill, C. M., & Robinson, T. (1996). UK supermarket location assessment. International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, 24(6), 22–33.Davis, P. (2006). Spatial competition in retail markets: Movie theaters. The RAND Journal of Economics, 37(4), 964–982.Ghosh, A., & McLafferty, S. L. (1982). Locating stores in uncertain environments: A scenario planning approach. Journal of Retailing, 58(4), 5–22.Härdle, W. (1991). Smoothing techniques with implementation in S. Nueva York, NY: Springer.Harris, B., & Batty, M. (1993). Locational models, geographical information, and planning support systems. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 12, 184–198.Hernandez, T. (2007). Enhancing retail location decision support: The development and application of geovisualization. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 14, 249–258.Hernandez, T., & Bennison, D. (2000). The art and science of retail location decisions. International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, 28(8), 357–367.Huff, D. (1963). Defining and estimating a trade area. Journal of Marketing, 28, 34–38.Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE). (2011). Padrón de habitantes 2011. http://www.ine.es . Accessed 9 Oct 2012.Kelly, J. P., Freeman, D. C., & Emlen, J. M. (1993). Competitive impact model for site selection: The impact of competition, sales generators and own store cannibalization. The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 3, 237–259.Latour, P., & Le Floc’h, J. (2001). Géomarketing: Principes, méthodes et applications. París: Éditions d’Organisation.Mendes, A. B., & Themido, I. H. (2004). Multi-outlet retail site location assessment. International Transactions in Operational Research, 11, 1–18.Moreno, A. (1991). Modelización cartográfica de densidades mediante estimadores Kernel. Treballs de la Societat Catalana de Geografia, 6(30), 155–170.Moreno, A. (2007). Obtención de capas raster de densidad. In A. Moreno (Coord.), Sistemas y Análisis de la información Geográfica. Manual de autoaprendizaje con ArcGIS (pp. 685–691). Madrid: Editorial RA-MA.Murad, A. A. (2003). Creating a GIS application for retail centers in Jeddah City. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 4, 329–338.Murad, A. A. (2007). Using GIS for retail planning in Jeddah City. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 4(10), 820–826.Musyoka, S. M., Mutyauvyu, S. M., Kiema, J. B. K., Karanja, F. N., & Siriba, D. N. (2007). Market segmentation using geographic information systems (GIS). A case study of the soft drink industry in Kenya. Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 25(6), 632–642.Nielsen Database. (2012). Retailers Database. http://www.nielsen.com/global/en.html . Accessed 12 Oct 2012.Ozimec, A. M., Natter, M., & Reutterer, T. (2010). Geographical information systems-based marketing decisions: Effects of alternative visualizations on decision quality. Journal of Marketing, 74, 94–110.Reilly, W. J. (1931). The law of retail gravitation. New York: Knickerbocker Press.Rob, M. A. (2003). Some challenges of integrating spatial and non-spatial datasets using a geographical information system. Information Technology for Development, 10, 171–178.Rosenblatt, M. (1956). Remarks on some nonparametric estimates of a density functions. Annals of Mathematical Statistic, 27, 832–837.Sede Electrónica del Catastro. (2012). Datos Catastrales. https://www.sedecatastro.gob.es . Accessed 10 Oct 2012.Silverman, B. W. (1986). Density estimation for statistics and data analysis. London: Chapman and Hall.Sleight, P., Harris, R., & Webber, R. (2005). Geodemographics, GIS and neighbourhood targeting. Chichester: Wiley.Suárez-Vega, R., Santos-Peñate, D. R., & Dorta-González, P. (2012). Location models and GIS tools for retail site location. 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Psalms for Organ, Volume 11: Ulster

Pages 23-27 in Psalms for Organ, Volume 11

The MINDVIEW project: First results

[EN] We present the first results of the MINDVIEW project. An innovative imaging system for the human brain examination, allowing simultaneous acquisition of PET/MRI images, has been designed and constructed. It consists of a high sensitivity and high resolution PET scanner integrated in a novel, head-dedicated, radio frequency coil for a 3T MRI scanner. Preliminary measurements from the PET scanner show sensitivity 3 times higher than state-of-the-art PET systems that will allow safe repeated studies on the same patient. The achieved spatial resolution, close to 1 mm, will enable differentiation of relevant brain structures for schizophrenia. A cost-effective and simple method of radiopharmaceutical production from C-11-carbon monoxide and a mini-clean room has been demonstrated. It has been shown that C-11-raclopride has higher binding potential in a new VAAT null mutant mouse model of schizophrenia compared to wild type control animals. A significant reduction in TSPO binding has been found in gray matter in a small sample of drug-naive, first episode psychosis patients, suggesting a reduced number or an altered function of immune cells in brain at early stage schizophrenia. (c) 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.This project is funded by EU grant FP7-HEALTH-F2-2013-603002.Benlloch Baviera, JM.; González Martínez, AJ.; Pani, R.; Preziosi, E.; Jackson, C.; Murphy, J.; Barbera Ballester, J.... (2018). The MINDVIEW project: First results. European Psychiatry. 50:21-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.01.002S212750Gonzalez, A. J., Gonzalez-Montoro, A., Aguilar, A., Conde, P., Canizares, G., Hernandez, L., … Benlloch, J. M. (2016). A brain PET insert MR compatible: Final design and first results. 2016 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Medical Imaging Conference and Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop (NSS/MIC/RTSD). doi:10.1109/nssmic.2016.8069619Dahl, K., Schou, M., Ulin, J., Sjöberg, C.-O., Farde, L., & Halldin, C. (2015). 11C-carbonylation reactions using gas–liquid segmented microfluidics. RSC Advances, 5(108), 88886-88889. doi:10.1039/c5ra20646d[26] Långström B and Sjöberg CO, System for controlling environment in reaction box, From PCT Int. Appl. (2013), WO 2013103312 A1 20130711.Autret, A., Bert, J., Strauss, O., & Visvikis, D. (2012). Projector with realistic detector scatter modelling for PET list-mode reconstruction. 2012 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference Record (NSS/MIC). doi:10.1109/nssmic.2012.6551759[10] Young JW Head and Face Antropometry of Adult U.S. Citizens, Civil Aeromedical Institute, Federal Aviation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Report number DOT/FAA/AM-93/10, July 1993.Braff, D. L. (1990). Sensorimotor Gating and Schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 47(2), 181. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1990.01810140081011Preziosi, E., Sánchez, S., González, A. J., Pani, R., Borrazzo, C., Bettiol, M., … Benlloch, J. M. (2016). Performance study of a PET scanner based on monolithic scintillators for different DoI-dependent methods. Journal of Instrumentation, 11(12), C12076-C12076. doi:10.1088/1748-0221/11/12/c12076Howes, O., McCutcheon, R., & Stone, J. (2015). Glutamate and dopamine in schizophrenia: An update for the 21st century. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 29(2), 97-115. doi:10.1177/0269881114563634Moliner, L., Correcher, C., González, A. J., Conde, P., Hernández, L., Orero, A., … Benlloch, J. M. (2013). Implementation and analysis of list mode algorithm using tubes of response on a dedicated brain and breast PET. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 702, 129-132. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2012.08.029Zelano, J., Mikulovic, S., Patra, K., Kühnemund, M., Larhammar, M., Emilsson, L., … Kullander, K. (2013). The synaptic protein encoded by the gene Slc10A4 suppresses epileptiform activity and regulates sensitivity to cholinergic chemoconvulsants. Experimental Neurology, 239, 73-81. doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.09.006Antich, P., Malakhov, N., Parkey, R., Slavin, N., & Tsyganov, E. (2002). 3D position readout from thick scintillators. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 480(2-3), 782-787. doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(01)01214-1Gonzalez-Montoro, A., Benlloch, J. M., Gonzalez, A. J., Aguilar, A., Canizares, G., Conde, P., … Sanchez, F. (2017). Performance Study of a Large Monolithic LYSO PET Detector With Accurate Photon DOI Using Retroreflector Layers. IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences, 1(3), 229-237. doi:10.1109/trpms.2017.2692819Rahman, O., Takano, A., Amini, N., Dahl, K., Kanegawa, N., Långström, B., … Halldin, C. (2015). Synthesis of ([11C]carbonyl)raclopride and a comparison with ([11C]methyl)raclopride in a monkey PET study. Nuclear Medicine and Biology, 42(11), 893-898. doi:10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2015.07.003Howes, O. D., Kambeitz, J., Kim, E., Stahl, D., Slifstein, M., Abi-Dargham, A., & Kapur, S. (2012). The Nature of Dopamine Dysfunction in Schizophrenia and What This Means for Treatment. Archives of General Psychiatry, 69(8). doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2012.169Ling, T., Lewellen, T. K., & Miyaoka, R. S. (2007). Depth of interaction decoding of a continuous crystal detector module. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 52(8), 2213-2228. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/52/8/012González, A. J., Majewski, S., Sánchez, F., Aussenhofer, S., Aguilar, A., Conde, P., … Benlloch, J. M. (2016). The MINDView brain PET detector, feasibility study based on SiPM arrays. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 818, 82-90. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2016.02.046Wong, D. F., Waterhouse, R., Kuwabara, H., Kim, J., Brasic, J. R., Chamroonrat, W., … Mozley, P. D. (2013). 18F-FPEB, a PET Radiopharmaceutical for Quantifying Metabotropic Glutamate 5 Receptors: A First-in-Human Study of Radiochemical Safety, Biokinetics, and Radiation Dosimetry. Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 54(3), 388-396. doi:10.2967/jnumed.112.107995Jackson, C., O’Neill, K., Wall, L., & McGarvey, B. (2014). High-volume silicon photomultiplier production, performance, and reliability. Optical Engineering, 53(8), 081909. doi:10.1117/1.oe.53.8.081909Rahman, O., Långström, B., & Halldin, C. (2016). Alkyl Iodides and [11 C]CO in Nickel-Mediated Cross-Coupling Reactions: Successful Use of Alkyl Electrophiles containing a β Hydrogen Atom in Metal-Mediated [11 C]Carbonylation. ChemistrySelect, 1(10), 2498-2501. doi:10.1002/slct.201600643Sullivan, J. M., Lim, K., Labaree, D., Lin, S., McCarthy, T. J., Seibyl, J. P., … Morris, E. D. (2012). Kinetic Analysis of the Metabotropic Glutamate Subtype 5 Tracer [18F]FPEB in Bolus and Bolus-Plus-Constant-Infusion Studies in Humans. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, 33(4), 532-541. doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2012.195Levin, C. S. (2003). Detector design issues for compact nuclear emission cameras dedicated to breast imaging. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 497(1), 60-74. doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(02)01893-4Larhammar, M., Patra, K., Blunder, M., Emilsson, L., Peuckert, C., Arvidsson, E., … Kullander, K. (2015). SLC10A4 Is a Vesicular Amine-Associated Transporter Modulating Dopamine Homeostasis. Biological Psychiatry, 77(6), 526-536. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.07.017Kaul, M., Surti, S., & Karp, J. S. (2013). Combining Surface Treatments With Shallow Slots to Improve the Spatial Resolution Performance of Continuous, Thick LYSO Detectors for PET. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 60(1), 44-52. doi:10.1109/tns.2013.2240315Bleich, A., Brown, S.-L., Kahn, R., & van Praag, H. M. (1988). The Role of Serotonin in Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 14(2), 297-315. doi:10.1093/schbul/14.2.29

Calibration and performance tests of detectors for laser-accelerated protons

We present the calibration and performance tests carried out with two detectors for intense proton pulses accelerated by lasers. Most of the procedures were realized with proton beams of 0.46-5.60 MeV from a tandem accelerator. One approach made use of radiochromic films, for which we calibrated the relation between optical density and energy deposition over more than three orders of magnitude. The validity of these results and of our analysis algorithms has been confirmed by controlled irradiation of film stacks and reconstruction of the total beam charge for strongly non-uniform beam profiles. For the spectral analysis of protons from repeated laser shots, we have designed an online monitor based on a plastic scintillator. The resulting signal from a photomultiplier directly measured on a fast oscilloscope is especially useful for time-of-flight applications. Variable optical filters allow for suppression of saturation and an extension of the dynamic range. With pulsed proton beams we have tested the detector response to a wide range of beam intensities from single particles to 3 ×105 protons per 100 ns time interval.Project funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and co-funded with FEDER's funds within the INNPACTO 2011 program under Grant No. IPT-2011-0862-900000. This work was supported by the Spanish Plan Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica, Desarrollo e Innovacion Tecnologica (I+D+i) under Grant No. TEC 2013-48036-C3-1-R and the Valencian Local Government under Grants PROMETEOII/2013/010 and ISIC 2011/013. The work of A. J. Gonzalez is financed by CSIC with a JAE-Doc contract under Junta de Ampliacion de Estudios program, cofinanced by the European Social Fund.Peer Reviewe