Surface morphology of titanium nitride thin films synthesized by DC reactive magnetron sputtering

In this paper the influence of temperature on the 3-D surface morphology of titanium nitride (TiN) thin films synthesized by DC reactive magnetron sputtering has been analyzed. The 3-D morphology variation of TiN thin films grown on p-type Si (100) wafers was investigated at four different deposition temperatures (473 K, 573 K, 673 K, 773 K) in order to evaluate the relation among the 3-D micro-textured surfaces. The 3-D surface morphology of TiN thin films was characterized by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and fractal analysis applied to the AFM data. The 3-D surface morphology revealed the fractal geometry of TiN thin films at nanometer scale. The global scale properties of 3-D surface geometry were quantitatively estimated using the fractal dimensions D, determined by the morphological envelopes method. The fractal dimension D increased with the substrate temperature variation from 2.36 (at 473 K) to 2.66 (at 673 K) and then decreased to 2.33 (at 773 K). The fractal analysis in correlation with the averaged power spectral density (surface) yielded better quantitative results of morphological changes in the TiN thin films caused by substrate temperature variations, which were more precise, detailed, coherent and reproducible. It can be inferred that fractal analysis can be easily applied for the investigation of morphology evolution of different film/substrate interface phases obtained using different thin-film technologies

Multifractal characteristics of titanium nitride thin films

The study presents a multi-scale microstructural characterization of three-dimensional (3-D) micro-textured surface of titanium nitride (TiN) thin films prepared by reactive DC magnetron sputtering in correlation with substrate temperature variation. Topographical characterization of the surfaces, obtained by atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis, was realized by an innovative multifractal method which may be applied for AFM data. The surface micromorphology demonstrates that the multifractal geometry of TiN thin films can be characterized at nanometer scale by the generalized dimensions Dq and the singularity spectrum f(α). Furthermore, to improve the 3-D surface characterization according with ISO 25178-2:2012, the most relevant 3-D surface roughness parameters were calculated. To quantify the 3-D nanostructure surface of TiN thin films a multifractal approach was developed and validated, which can be used for the characterization of topographical changes due to the substrate temperature variation

The Effectiveness of the Spiritual Treatment Groupon Improving the Quality of Life and Mental Health in Women with Breast Cancer

For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explain Effectiveness of spiritual therapy based on group on increase mental health and quality of life in Women with breast cancer.Materials & Methods: This study is a clinical trial, in a per – post design. 24 patients (women with breast cancer) were randomly selected, and located in the experimental group (n =12) and control group (n =12). Participants in the experimental group (each 90 minutes) received spiritual therapy for 12 sessions. Collection tool data in this study was Symptom Chek List – 90 – Revised (SCL- 90 – R­) and Quality of life questionnaire (QLQ). Data were analyzed by using SPSS software and descriptive statistics methods (mean, standard deviation, variance) and inferential statistics (analysis of covariance, analysis of variance, Z, F Levin, KS).In this study, all relevant ethical issues were considered.Results: The findings of this study showed that spiritual therapy based on group has considerable influence on increase mental health and quality of life in women with breast cancer. In other words, this intervention could improve the quality of life and mental health in the experimental groupConclusion:The result of this study showed that spiritual therapy, is known effective source for dealing with physical and psychological response­, and This intervention can be used in Common medical treatments to improve the quality of life and mental health  in women with breast cancer­.Keywords: Breast cancer, Mental health, Quality of life, Spiritual therapy based on groupFor downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Please cite this article as: Bahreinian A, Radmehr H­, Mohammadi H,BavadiB, Mousavi M­. The Effectiveness of the Spiritual Treatment Groupon  Improving the Quality of Life and Mental Health in Women with Breast Cancer. J Res Relig Health. 2017; 3 (1): 64- 78

Synthesis of new dihydropyrrol-2-one derivatives bearing sulfonamide groups and studies their antibacterial activity

Abstract: A novel series of dihydropyrrol-2-one compounds bearing sulfonamide groups were synthesized and assayed for in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus epidermidis bacteria. Antibacterial results showed that most of the compounds exhibited the antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa and S. epidermidis and displayed no inhibition against S. aureus and E. coli. Interestingly, most of the screened compounds were more active than the reference drug trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole against P. aeruginosa. Among them, one compound exhibited good antibacterial activity in comparison with the reference drugs against P. aeruginosa and may make it as potential an antibacterial agent. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]

اثربخشی گروه درمانی معنوی بر بهبود کیفیت زندگی و سلامت روان در زنان مبتلا به سرطان پستان

Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explain Effectiveness of spiritual therapy based on group on increase mental health and quality of life in Women with breast cancer. Materials & Methods: This study is a clinical trial, in a per – post design. 24 patients (women with breast cancer) were randomly selected, and located in the experimental group (n =12) and control group (n =12). Participants in the experimental group (each 90 minutes) received spiritual therapy for 12 sessions. Collection tool data in this study was Symptom Chek List – 90 – Revised (SCL- 90 – R­) and Quality of life questionnaire (QLQ). Data were analyzed by using SPSS software and descriptive statistics methods (mean, standard deviation, variance) and inferential statistics (analysis of covariance, analysis of variance, Z, F Levin, KS).In this study, all relevant ethical issues were considered. Results: The findings of this study showed that spiritual therapy based on group has considerable influence on increase mental health and quality of life in women with breast cancer. In other words, this intervention could improve the quality of life and mental health in the experimental group Conclusion:The result of this study showed that spiritual therapy, is known effective source for dealing with physical and psychological response­, and This intervention can be used in Common medical treatments to improve the quality of life and mental health  in women with breast cancer­.   Please cite this article as: Bahreinian A, Radmehr H­, Mohammadi H,BavadiB, Mousavi M­. The Effectiveness of the Spiritual Treatment Groupon  Improving the Quality of Life and Mental Health in Women with Breast Cancer. J Res Relig Health. 2017; 3 (1): 64- 78.سابقه و اهداف: مطالعه­ ی حاضر با هدف بررسی تعيين اثربخشی گروه­ درمانی معنوی بر بهبود کیفیت زندگی و سلامت روان در زنان مبتلا به سرطان پستان مراجعه­ کننده به بیمارستان طالقانی شهر تهران انجام شده است. مواد و روش‌ها: در این پژوهش، از طرح شبه آزمایشی پیش­ آزمون- پس­ آزمون، با گمارش تصادفی استفاده شده است. 24 بیمار مبتلا به سرطان پستان، به­ صورت تصادفی انتخاب شدند و در گروه­ های آزمایش (12 نفر) و کنترل (12 نفر) قرار گرفتند. برای شرکت­ کنندگان گروه آزمایش، 12 جلسه ­ی گروه ­درمانی معنوی (هر جلسه 90 دقیقه­) برگزار شد. در این پژوهش، از پرسش­نامه­ ها­ی سلامت روان و کیفیت زندگی استفاده شد. داده­ ها­ی به­ دست آمده با روش آماری تحلیل کوواریانس و همچنین نرم­ افزار آماری spss، تجزیه و تحلیل شد. این پژوهش تمام موارد اخلاقی مرتبط را رعایت نموده است.    یافته‌ها: یافته ­ها نشان داد، معنویت­­ درمانی به­ طور معناداری در افزایش کیفیت زندگی و سلامت روان زنان مبتلا به سرطان پستان مؤثر بوده است (05/0P<). به­ عبارت­ دیگر، این مداخله توانست میزان کیفیت زندگی و سلامت روان را در گروه آزمایش ارتقا دهد. نتیجه‌گیری: نتیجه­ ی این پژوهش نشان داد که معنويت­ درمانی، منبعي مؤثر براي مقابله با پاسخ­ هاي جسماني و رواني شناخته می­ شود و این مداخله می­ تواند در درمان­ های رایج پزشکی، برای  ارتقای کیفیت زندگی و سلامت روان مبتلایان به سرطان پستان به­ کار برده شود.      استناد مقاله به این صورت است: Bahreinian A, Radmehr H­, Mohammadi H,BavadiB, Mousavi M­. The Effectiveness of the Spiritual Treatment Groupon  Improving the Quality of Life and Mental Health in Women with Breast Cancer. J Res Relig Health. 2017; 3 (1): 64- 78. &nbsp

Multifractal characteristics of titanium nitride thin films

The study presents a multi-scale microstructural characterization of three-dimensional (3-D) micro-textured surface of titanium nitride (TiN) thin films prepared by reactive DC magnetron sputtering in correlation with substrate temperature variation. Topographical characterization of the surfaces, obtained by atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis, was realized by an innovative multifractal method which may be applied for AFM data. The surface micromorphology demonstrates that the multifractal geometry of TiN thin films can be characterized at nanometer scale by the generalized dimensions Dq and the singularity spectrum f(α). Furthermore, to improve the 3-D surface characterization according with ISO 25178-2:2012, the most relevant 3-D surface roughness parameters were calculated. To quantify the 3-D nanostructure surface of TiN thin films a multifractal approach was developed and validated, which can be used for the characterization of topographical changes due to the substrate temperature variation