Chronic pain and pharmacotherapy in chronic renal patients on hemodialysis

Objective: To analyze the intensity of chronic pain and pharmacotherapy in chronic renal patients on hemodialysis. Method: This is a cross-sectional, prospective study conducted in a Service of Substitute Renal Therapy in the South region of Brazil. Seventy adult patients with chronic renal disease, who were undergoing hemodialysis treatment in the first half of 2015, participated in the study. We used the Graduated Scale for Chronic Pain. The data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software version 18.0. The study was approved under Nº. CAAE: 20138913.4.0000.0118. Results: Fifty-one (72%) patients reported some forms of pain in the last six months, 17 (24%) reported severely limiting pain, high interference and persistence. Painkillers were most widely used therapy for pain management, in 19 patients (27%). Conclusion: Chronic pain was reported in different degrees of intensity, with severely limiting character, high interference, and persistence. Painkil- lers were the most widely used pharmacological class to control it

Alternativas para o uso do glicerol produzido a partir do biodiesel

Nos últimos anos tem havido esforços consideráveis no desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias para a produção de produtos químicos a partir de recursos renováveis de biomassa, principalmente combustíveis, em resposta ao esgotamento da matéria-prima de origem fóssil e as preocupações com o meio ambiente. Entre os vários compostos derivados a partir da biomassa que têm sido propostos como matéria-prima para a produção de substâncias químicas, o glicerol é de interesse especial porque é produzido em grandes quantidades, como um coproduto durante a produção de biodiesel por meio de transesterificação. Com o rápido aumento da produção de biodiesel em todo o mundo, o mesmo acontece com a produção do glicerol. O recente aumento da produção de glicerol a partir do processo de fabricação de biodiesel criou um excesso no mercado, como resultado, são necessárias novas tecnologias para o uso do glicerol que é uma substância abundante e tem grande potencial para ser uma importante matéria prima para produção de produtos de alto valor agregado

Uma proposta de ensino envolvendo programaçãolinear e desenvolvida no ensino médio

Nesse artigo é apresentado os resultados de uma proposta pedagógica aplicada numa turma do ensino médio cujo principal objetivo era introduzir a Programação Linear nessa etapa do ensino e enfatizar que problemas diretamente ligados ao cotidiano podem ser resolvidos, utilizando conteúdos ministrados na disciplina de matemática. Os resultados aqui apresentados são frutos de uma pesquisa realizada num curso de pós-graduação nível Lato Sensu. A proposta foi aplicada numa turma de segundo ano do ensino médio de uma escola estadual localizada na zona rural do município de Ipumirim, estado de Santa Catarina. Essa turma foi selecionada, porque de acordo com a ementa da disciplina de matemática da referida escola, os alunos nessa fase do ensino, apresentam conhecimentos de todos os tópicos necessários para o desenvolvimento dessa atividade, sendo eles: equações e inequações lineares, sistemas lineares, organização e tratamento de dados, geometria analítica. As metodologias envolvidas foram Modelagem Matemática e Resolução de Problemas. Após a execução de todas as etapas da proposta pedagógica desenvolvida percebeu-se o interesse dos alunos pela aprendizagem de conteúdos da disciplina. O objetivo do trabalho foi alcançado já que no término da atividade, os alunos conseguiram apontar, discutir, modelar e solucionar um problema associado ao cotidiano.&nbsp

Degradação de fármacos residuais por processos oxidativos avançados

The concern about aquatic ecosystems and the potential risk of drinking water contamination by pharmaceuticals have stimulated the study of processes for the efficient degradation of these contaminants, since the conventional treatment have been inefficient on that purpose. The advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) appear as viable alternatives due to their efficiency on the degradation of different classes of organic contaminants. This review presents an overview of the main AOP (O3, H2O2/UV, TiO2/UV, Fenton and photo-Fenton) which have been applied to the degradation of different pharmaceuticals. The main results obtained, intermediates identified and toxicity data are presented

Leiomyosarcoma of the skin with osteoclast-like giant cells: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Osteoclast-like giant cells have been noted in various malignant tumors, such as, carcinomas of pancreas and liver and leiomyosarcomas of non-cutaneous locations, such as, uterus and rectum. We were unable to find any reported case of a leiomyosarcoma of the skin where osteoclast-like giant cells were present in the tumor.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We report a case of a 59-year-old woman with a cutaneous leiomyosarcoma associated with osteoclast-like giant cells arising from the subcutaneous artery of the leg. The nature of the giant cells is discussed in light of the findings from the immunostaining as well as survey of the literature.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>A rare case of cutaneous leiomyosarcoma with osteoclast-like giant cells is reported. The giant cells in the tumor appear to be reactive histiocytic cells.</p

Degradação de tetraciclina utilizando o processo foto-fenton

Fármacos residuais estão sendo encontrados com freqüência em ambientes aquáticos o que pode acarretar problemas ambientais. Dessa forma, neste trabalho foi avaliada uma alternativa para a degradação do antibiótico tetraciclina (TC): a utilização do processo foto-Fenton. O monitoramento da concentração de TC foi feito por análises de Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE) e a remoção da carga orgânica foi avaliada por determinações de Carbono Orgânico Total (COT). Dois sistemas de fotodegradação foram empregados, um utilizando radiação artificial e outro solar. Foi avaliada a influência de alguns fatores na fotodegradação de TC (24,0 mg L-1) como a utilização de ferrioxalato de potássio (FeOx) e Fe(NO3)3 que foram testados como fonte de ferro e apresentaram resultados diferentes. Sob radiação artificial, Fe(NO3)3 apresentou os melhores resultados pois a total oxidação do composto alvo foi atingida em apenas um minuto de tratamento, enquanto que na presença de FeOx a total oxidação ocorreu em 10 minutos. Quando a concentração de Fe(NO3)3 foi variada de 0,200 mol L-1 para 0,100 mol L-1 foi verificado um decréscimo na remoção de COT de 74% para 47%. Já sob radiação solar, os melhores resultados foram obtidos com FeOx, pois em 30 segundos de tratamento a TC foi totalmente oxidada. Outro parâmetro avaliado foi a influência da concentração de H2O2 e a maior concentração estudada (20 mmol L-1) prejudicou a fotodegradação, enquanto que a menor concentração testada (3,00 mmol L-1) manteve boa remoção de COT (76%) e de oxidação de TC (100%). A degradação de TC foi também avaliada em matrizes como água superficial e efluente de estação de tratamento de esgoto. Nessas matrizes, FeOx sob radiação solar manteve bons resultados para a oxidação de TC, com o qual foram alcançados percentuais de 85 e 74% de remoção de COT na água superficial e efluente de ETE, respectivamente.Pharmaceutical residues are being found frequently in aquatic environments what may cause environmental problems. Therefore, in this work an alternative for the degradation of the tetracycline (TC) antibiotic was evaluated: the use of the photo-Fenton process. The monitoring of the TC concentration was made by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis and the removal of the organic load was evaluated by Total Organic Carbon determination (TOC). Two systems of photodegradation were employed, one using artificial radiation and other using solar radiation. The influence of some factors in the photodegradation of TC (24,0 mg L-1) was evaluated such as the use of potassium ferrioxalate (FeOx) and Fe(NO3)3 that were tested as iron source and presented different results. Under artificial radiation, Fe(NO3)3 presented the best results since total oxidation of the target compound was achieved in only one minute of treatment, while in presence of FeOx the total oxidation occurred in 10 minutes. When the concentration of Fe(NO3)3 was varied from 0,200 mol L-1 to 0,100 mol L-1 a decrease in the TOC removal from 74% to 47% was verified. Regarding solar radiation, best results were obtained with FeOx, since in 30 seconds of treatment, the TC was totally oxidized. Other parameter evaluated was the influence of the H2O2 concentration. The highest concentration studied (20 mmol L-1) hindered the photodegradation, while the lowest concentration (3,00 mmol L-1) tested provided good TOC removal (76%) and TC oxidation (100%). The degradation of TC was also evaluated in matrices such as surface water and effluent of sewage treatment plant. FeOx under solar radiation maintained good results for the TC oxidation with which percentages of 85% and 74% of TOC removal were achieved, respectively.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Photodegradation of lincomycin and diazepam in sewage treatment plant effluent by photo-Fenton process

First, the effect of ferrioxalate or iron nitrate on the photo-Fenton degradation efficiency of the pharmaceuticals lincomycin (LCM) and diazepam (DZP) was evaluated. The degradation of both pharmaceuticals was improved in the presence of ferrioxalate in relation to Fe(NO(3)), either under black-light or solar irradiation. The degradation of the pharmaceuticals was then evaluated when present in an effluent from sewage treatment plant (STP) under black-light irradiation. Pharmaceuticals oxidation was not influenced by the matrix, since very similar results were obtained when compared to the experiments carried out in distilled water. However, DOC removal was slightly affected by the matrix, due probably to the generation of recalcitrant intermediates during effluent photodegradation and to the high content of inorganic carbon of STP effluent. Even so, high DOC removal percentages were achieved, 65% for lincomycin and 80% for diazepam after 60 min irradiation. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Degradation of tetracycline by photo-Fenton process - Solar irradiation and matrix effects

The degradation of the antibiotic tetracycline (TC) by the photo-Fenton process was evaluated under black-light and solar irradiation. The influences of iron source (Fe(NO3)(3) or ferrioxalate), hydrogen peroxide and matrix (pure water, surface water and a sewage treatment plant effluent-STP) were evaluated. Under black-light irradiation, TC degradation was favored in the presence of Fe(NO3)(3), achieving total degradation after 1 min irradiation, while under solar light the use of ferrioxalate favors the degradation. Nevertheless, no significant difference in total organic carbon removal was observed between these two iron sources, achieving a residual concentration of around 5 mg L-1 under black-light and 2 mg L-1 under solar light irradiation. No decrease of the degradation efficiency relative to pure water was observed when TC was irradiated in a sample of surface water, under either black-light or solar irradiation. However, lower efficiency was obtained under black-light when TC was present in a sample of STP effluent, indicating the interference of the constituents of this sample on the overall efficiency of the process. on the other hand, under solar irradiation in the presence of ferrioxalate, no influence of the matrix was observed, even in the sample of STP effluent, achieving total degradation of TC in 1.5 min. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Monitoring pharmaceuticals photo-Fenton degradation process by using Solid Phase Extraction and liquid chromatography

The recovery of the pharmaceuticals bezafibrate and tetracycline from water was evaluated, using Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) with the aim of applying this technique to interrupt the pharmaceuticals' photodegradation by photo-Fenton process for further analysis. Sep-Pack C-18, Strata X, and Oasis HLB cartridges were evaluated. Oasis HLB showed the most satisfactory recovery and repeatability results: 98% (CV - 1%) for bezafibrate (20.0 mg L-1) and 76% (CV = 1%) for tetracycline (25.0 mg L-1). There was not a significant decrease in recovery at lower concentrations of the pharmaceuticals, and neither when present in Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) effluent matrix