DESARROLLO DE UNA APLICACIÓN EN LENGUAJE JAVA UTILIZANDO LA METODOLOGÍA ANÁLISIS ESTRUCTURADO MODERNO

El objetivo de este trabajo fue implementar paso a paso la metodología de Edward Yourdon para el diseño de software; se aplicó a un caso práctico de desarrollo de software para determinar el nivel de riesgo ergonómico en puestos de trabajo utilizando el método REBA y lógica difusa. El software construido se probó en cuatro casos de estudio con un total de 16 posturas y permitió calcular de forma rápida el nivel de riesgo ergonómico para cada postura específica del trabajador.Palabras clave: Análisis estructurado, programación orientada a objetos, riesgo ergonómico, lógica difusa

Evaluation of the Circular Economy in a Pitahaya Agri-Food Chain

Over the last decade, the circular economy (CE) has attracted attention due to the current unsustainable model of production and consumption, which involves an increased resource use and depletion. Agri-food is one of the key sectors where action must be taken to ensure the transition to a more sustainable development model in line with circular economy principles. This study aims to evaluate the potential of implementing the circular economy in the pitahaya agri-food chain in Ecuador. The research was conducted from 2019 to 2021, during which a checklist was applied that included 91 items grouped into nine dimensions: source or supply of materials, design, manufacturing, economic circle, distribution and sales, consumption/use, 4R, remanufacturing, and sustainability. The level of the circular economy evaluated in the study was low (2.14 points out of 5). Therefore, improvements are required in the agri-food management of fruit cultivation and processing. Critical points were identified and strategies were proposed to increase competitiveness, improve environmental performance, and promote the implementation of the circular economy in this production chain. A final recommendation is to explore research on the concept of CE in the sector, mainly focused on the valorization of biomass as a contribution to the bioeconomy in order to contribute to the country’s growth within the context of sustainability

Cadena de suministro de productos agrícolas de traspatio

Objective: This study aims to analyze the backyard agricultural production system with a logistical focus, assuming that the knowledge of the links that make up the supply chain will contribute to developing productive and operational strategies that link backyard producers with short agro-food chains. Design/methodology/approach: The case study of the highly marginalized localities and indigenous presence of the municipalities of Chontla and Tempoal, Veracruz is presented. The supply chain of backyard agricultural products was analyzed from a generic model identifying the products, furthermore making an annualized economic projection. The information was collected with opportunity sampling through surveys of backyard producers, intermediaries, retail and wholesale marketers, municipal agents, and local authorities. Results: Five echelons define the backyard agricultural products supply chain of the case study: raw materials production, processing, manufacturing, product presentation, and the final consumer. It has a semi-structured marketing scheme between traditional and short commercialization circuits. Four opportunity areas were identified: non-standardized product processing, inappropriate storage conditions, production records absence, and poor distribution and marketing channels. Limitations on study/implications: The annualized economic projection indicated that 35.8% of the products are destined for self-consumption, 21.2% are commercialized in local and municipal markets, and 43% of the production is not commercialized. Findings/conclusions: This study proposes to locate strategically (in each municipality) collection, and distribution centers for backyard agricultural products to reduce the amount of non-commercialized products and link backyard agricultural producers in short agri-food chains and thereby contribute to strengthening the local economy.Objetivo: Estudiar el sistema de producción agrícola de traspatio con un enfoque logístico, asumiendo que el conocimiento de los eslabones que componen la cadena de suministro contribuirá a desarrollar estrategias productivas y operacionales que vinculen a los productores con cadenas agroalimentarias cortas. Diseño/metodología/aproximación: Se presenta el caso de estudio de las localidades de alta marginación y presencia indígena de los municipios de Chontla y Tempoal, Veracruz. Se analizó la cadena de productos agrícolas de traspatio a partir de un modelo genérico identificando los productos del caso de estudio y realizando una proyección económica anualizada. La información se recolectó con muestreo de oportunidad mediante encuestas a productores de traspatio, intermediarios, comercializadores minoristas y mayoristas, agentes municipales y autoridades locales. Resultados: La cadena de suministro de productos agrícolas de traspatio está definida por cinco eslabones: producción de materias primas, procesamiento, manufactura, presentación del producto y consumidor final; el esquema de comercialización es semiestructurado entre tradicional y de circuitos cortos. Se identificaron cuatro áreas de oportunidad: procesamiento no estandarizado, condiciones inapropiadas de almacenamiento, ausencia de registros y deficientes canales de distribución y comercialización. Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: La proyección económica indicó que 35.8 % de los productos se destina al autoconsumo, 21.2 % se comercializa en mercados locales y municipales y el 43 % de la producción no se comercializa. Hallazgos/conclusiones: Para disminuir la cantidad de producto no comercializado y fortalecer la economía local, se propone ubicar estratégicamente centros de acopio para vincular a los productores en cadenas agroalimentarias cortas

Análisis de la cadena de suministro de la flor de cempasúchil (Tagetes erecta L.); caso de estudio

Objetivo: analizar la cadena de suministro de la flor de cempasúchil (Tagetes erecta L.) y la interacción de los actoresque están presentes en dicho proceso para conocer cuál es la problemática dentro de la cadena y ayudar al crecimientoeconómico encontrando nuevos usos y estrategias para la flor. Diseño/metodología/aproximación: Para la recopilación de lainformación se realizaron tres tipos de encuestas semiestructuradas a productores, consumidores locales y vendedores. Las encuestas fueron aplicadas durante los meses de octubre a noviembre del 2018. Se entrevistaron a n=73 personas entre productores, consumidores locales y vendedores en Tempoal, Veracruz, México, y sus comunidades. Los datos fueron analizados para obtener el valor de producción eidentificar el esquema de comercialización de flor de cempasúchil para finalmente realizar el diseño de la cadena de valor.Resultados: La flor de cempasúchil tiene mayor demanda en octubre y noviembre durante la festividad de día de muertos, y su valor económico en Tempoal, oscila en MXM$89,500.00, conformado por dos circuitos cortos de comercialización y uno tradicional. La comercialización de la flor dentro de la cadena de suministro está integrada por tres productores, dos intermediarios y un consumidor final.Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: La flor de Cempasúchil en Tempoal, únicamente se utiliza para las festividades de día de muertos y en el resto de los meses restantes su demanda disminuye significativamente, por ausencia de usos.Hallazgos/conclusiones: La flor de cempasúchil, tiene gran potencial y opciones para prosperar dentro de la región tomando en consideración diversas áreas de oportunidad para otros usos como la venta de semilla y elaboración de subproductos derivados de la flor, lo cual beneficiaria la economía local, considerando la preservación de la especie como parte de la cultura del pueblo

Integration model of collaborative supply chain

The strategic members of collaborative supply chain have been looking for actions to synchronize their links. The purpose is to improve the customer service and fulfill the challenges of the globalized competitiveness. This trend is known as integrated supply chain and improves the companies performance as a whole. In this paper, an integration model of collaborative supply chain was developed considering the strategical, tactical and operational perspectives. To implement it, a measurement instrument was designed and validated statistically. Also a mathematical model using fuzzy logic was designed and applied among 36 small, medium and large Mexican companies to determine their integration level and propose specific actions that allow them to improve it

Cost Analysis of Collection and Ex Situ Conservation of Seeds of Important Native Tree Species of Mexico

In Mexico, there are barely any studies that estimate the cost of germplasm conservation especially that carried out ex situ. The objective of this study was to analyze the collection and storage costs (CSC) of seeds of some native tree species that have social and economic importance in Mexico. Information on the importance of native trees was obtained through a literature review and research from a seed bank and forest technical service providers. Based on the environmental and social importance, as well as the conservation status of native species, poverty attention, and food security, an indicator of economic and social importance has been designed using multicriteria analysis. The highest value of the indicator included 32 species; Fabaceae was the most represented family (28%). The CSC analysis was applied to the species with the highest value indicator, currently available market price (CMP), and stored in the seed bank (SB). They were evaluated using the “cost of collection” method comparing CMP vs. SB. The cost of accession in the SB is 11 times higher than the CMP with 7% of nominal interest rate (NIR) and increases 24 times during a storage period of ten years with the same NIR per year. Despite the costs associated with the maintenance and management of SBs, their importance for conservation and contribution to society is highlighted

Tactical Innovation to Incorporate Post-Consumer Expanded Polystyrene in Artisanal Chains for the Doping of Products

In its original manufacturing purpose, Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) is an industrial product with a short life cycle and waste with high negative environmental impact. Given this externality, this article contributes to the state of the art by proposing reuse EPS as a raw material valuable to the process of manufacturing hats in a Mexican company. The SCAMPER technique is used to formulate a hardener, which is optimized with a Taguchi design. Statistically, there is no difference between the quality of the conventional hardener and the mixture based on post-consumer EPS to make hats based on the standards defined by the company; a subjective analysis supported by the judgment of experts validates the quality of the hats. A contour graph and response surface reflect different combinations of solute and solvent to formulate the glue for the doping of the hat, with the same hardness results. This allows the artisan to assess the formulation from an economical point of view, as well as with respect to the arrangement of materials. These results specifically propose the sustainable alternative of integrating waste from the post–consumer EPS chain into the artisanal hat value chain, and are replicable to other similar products

Tactical Innovation to Incorporate Post-Consumer Expanded Polystyrene in Artisanal Chains for the Doping of Products

In its original manufacturing purpose, Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) is an industrial product with a short life cycle and waste with high negative environmental impact. Given this externality, this article contributes to the state of the art by proposing reuse EPS as a raw material valuable to the process of manufacturing hats in a Mexican company. The SCAMPER technique is used to formulate a hardener, which is optimized with a Taguchi design. Statistically, there is no difference between the quality of the conventional hardener and the mixture based on post-consumer EPS to make hats based on the standards defined by the company; a subjective analysis supported by the judgment of experts validates the quality of the hats. A contour graph and response surface reflect different combinations of solute and solvent to formulate the glue for the doping of the hat, with the same hardness results. This allows the artisan to assess the formulation from an economical point of view, as well as with respect to the arrangement of materials. These results specifically propose the sustainable alternative of integrating waste from the post–consumer EPS chain into the artisanal hat value chain, and are replicable to other similar products

Optimización de costos de transporte bajo el enfoque de teoría de juegos. Estudio de caso.

Abstract Game theory is a mathematical tool that allows modeling the cooperation between rational and intelligent agents. In this paper, game theory is presented as an application that proposes cooperation scenarios within the supply chain (SC) for maintaining the balance concerning logistics costs that are paid by customers of a company that distributing grocery products. From Shapley value and Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) application, the balanced costs distribution among all customers were obtained. Variables such as demand, distance between all customer nodes, load capacity and vehicle performance are considered. The results obtained allowed to achieve savings closer than 40% in relation to company current distribution costs.Resumen La teoría de juegos es una herramienta matemática que permite modelar la cooperación entre agentes racionales e inteligentes. En este trabajo se presenta la teoría de juegos como una aplicación que propone escenarios de cooperación dentro de la cadena de suministro (CS) para mantener el equilibrio entre los costos logísticos de distribución que son cubiertos por los clientes de una empresa distribuidora de productos abarroteros. A partir de la aplicación del valor de Shapley y el modelo del ruteo de vehículos con capacidad (CVRP), se logró encontrar una distribución equilibrada de costos entre todos los clientes; considerando variables como la demanda, la distancia entre los nodos-clientes, la capacidad de carga y el rendimiento del vehículo. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron a la empresa lograr ahorros cercanos al 40% con relación a los costos actuales de distribución

Post-Industrial Use of Sugarcane Ethanol Vinasse: A Systematic Review

Vinasse is a toxic pollutant if it is poured into the ecosystem indiscriminately; despite this, it integrates components that make it valuable in nutrients and water. However, its use has been questioned due to the costs involved in its purification. This systematic review focuses on the valorization of vinasse from the studies performed for its post-industrial use. Trends in vinasse management and bioproduct development were analyzed. The PRISMA statement was used as a formal guide for collecting and analyzing 131 studies from 2018 to 2022. We determined that biological processes are the most used to obtain the benefits of vinasse, obtaining up to three post-industrial bioproducts. While it is true that there is a predominant trend of studies focused on the generation of biofuels, it must be noted that the beginning of the sucro-alcohol chain was the agricultural field. In this sense, we determine that 14% of the studies treat vinasse for agricultural reuse purposes, so, under Circular Economy principles, the reincorporation of vinasse into the agricultural field to take advantage of its goodness in nutrients and minerals as a sustainable and eco-efficient alternative should be a research trend that accelerates the consumption of vinasse generated in alcohol distilleries