Características psicológicas para el rendimiento deportivo en las jugadoras de la Liga Risaraldense de voleibol categoría menores 2010

En la presente investigación se tiene como objetivo principal identificar las características psicológicas para el rendimiento deportivo de las jugadoras de la Liga Risaraldense de Voleibol categoría Menores 2010. Para la identificación de las características psicológicas se aplicó el test de Loehr, mediante una encuesta auto-administrada, esta estuvo dirigida a las deportistas. Por medio de esta investigación, se pudo evidenciar que la Liga de Voleibol carece de un profesional que aborde el área de la psicología, y que desarrolle un programa psicológico estructurado que les ayude a las deportistas a potencializar sus características psicológicas para llegar a un mejor rendimiento deportivo y obtener resultados importantes a nivel Nacional. Adicional a lo anterior se demostró que las jugadoras no son conscientes o desconocen la importancia de las características psicológicas en el deporte, por lo tanto no las tienen en cuenta dentro de su programa de entrenamiento deportivo para potencializarlas. Se comprobó estadísticamente que existen diferencias significativas en las habilidades de control de afrontamiento negativo, y control visual de la imagen, las cuales requieren de una especial atención en la mayoría de las jugadoras. Las habilidades de control de afrontamiento positivo y control de la atención están en un nivel por mejorar y perfeccionar, mientras que las habilidades de control motivacional, control de la actitud y autoconfianza se encuentran en un nivel excelente en la mayoría de las integrantes del equipo. Y finalmente se realizan recomendaciones para que los entrenadores planeen y ejecuten un programa de preparación deportiva en el área psicológica

Aplicativo para la medición de la deserción para programas de pregrado y posgrado: herramientas para el desarrollo integral estudiantil

Actualmente el Ministerio de Educación de Colombia - MEN, se encuentra en el proceso de integración de los sistemas de información de educación superior: Sistema Nacional de Información de Educación Superior – SNIES, Sistema para la Prevención y Análisis de la Deserción en la Educación Superior – SPADIES y el Observatorio Laboral para la Educación – OLE, que administra la Subdirección de Desarrollo Sectorial de la Educación Superior. Estos permiten realizar un seguimiento en cifras sobre los procesos que se adelantan en la educación superior dentro del país. El Sistema para la Prevención y Análisis de la Deserción en la Educación Superior – SPADIES permite realizar el cálculo de la deserción según la conceptualización establecida por el MEN, así como un seguimiento histórico del comportamiento de los programas y las instituciones dado que cuenta la trazabilidad en datos de los mismos. Sin embargo, desde el año 2016 se encuentra en proceso de migración e integración de información, lo cual no permitió contar con las cifras calculadas por el sistema para los seguimientos correspondientes. De acuerdo con esto, la Universidad Santo Tomás desarrolla un aplicativo en conjunto con su manual conceptual, que permite calcular la tasa de deserción acumulada, la tasa de graduación acumulada, la permanencia en cada periodo y el comportamiento de cada una de las cohortes del 2008-I en adelante tomando información del sistema de información académica (SAC) con una query que permite tener la información de manera conveniente y con variables dicotómicas que indican si el estudiante se encontraba o no matriculado. El aplicativo permite obtener resultados desde el periodo 2016 – 1, buscando evaluar el impacto de los programas de acompañamiento estudiantil para disminuir la deserción, fortalecer la permanencia con calidad y lograr optimizar la graduación de los estudiantes. Teniendo en cuenta que para los diferentes niveles de formación el comportamiento es particular debido a su estructura y duración en el tiempo, para el cálculo de cada uno se tiene en cuenta (pregrados, especializaciones, maestrías y doctorados) las cohortes que han tenido el espacio temporal de completar sus estudios; adicionalmente el aplicativo también permite ver el comportamiento de aquellas que no entran a computar dado que un porcentaje significativo de sus estudiantes aún se encuentran en proceso de formación y no es posible determinar si llegarán a culminar su plan de estudios. El uso del mismo se ha socializado con cada una de las facultades de la Universidad, buscando que los directivos académicos y docentes se empoderen en cuanto a la permanencia estudiantil, identifiquen sus áreas de intervención de acuerdo con sus programas y en articulación con las diversas instancias de la institución puedan generar escenarios de prevención, contención e intervención según sea el caso. Así mismo da respuesta a la planeación estratégica universitaria donde se plantea la necesidad de contar con información actualizada y disponible, para la mejora continua de los factores que inciden en la vida estudiantil durante los procesos de formación. El aplicativo posibilita realizar un seguimiento al comportamiento de las cohortes de los programas académicos en el escenario, así como a los estudiantes que se encuentran ausentes en un semestre determinado. En el nivel de posgrado permite tener una visión del fenómeno de la deserción a través de datos cuantitativos, facilitando comprender las dinámicas de los estudiantes en este escenario de cualificación profesional; se encuentra que en los niveles de formación posgradual, el de doctorado presenta mayor incidencia en deserción comparado con las especializaciones y las maestrías. También se encuentra que las tasas de graduación tanto de especializaciones como de maestrías, son del 81.35% y 82.87% respectivamente

Datos normativos de salto vertical y potencia de piernas para escolares colombianos de 9 a 17,9 años: el estudio fuprecol

PURPOSE: The Vertical Jump Test became of the most convenient tests used to evaluate anaerobic capacity and the effectiveness of anaerobic training programs for a variety of power sports. However, its use and interpretation as an evaluative measurement into physical activity tests are limited because there are few published reference values derived for children and adolescents. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to generate normative vertical jump height and predicted peak power (Ppeak) data for 10- to 17.9-year-olds and to investigate between-sex and age group differences in these measures. METHODS: The sample comprised 7614 healthy Colombian schoolchildren [boys n=3258 and girls n=4356, mean (standard deviation) age 12.8 (2.3) years old]. Each participant performed two countermovement jumps, and jump height was calculated using a Takei 5414 Jump-DF Digital Vertical®, Japan. The highest jump was used for analysis and in the calculation of predicted Ppeak. Centile smoothed curves, percentile and tables for the 3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th and 97th percentile were calculated using Cole’s LMS method. RESULTS: The one-way ANOVA tests showed that maximum jump height (cm) and predicted Ppeak (W) was higher in boys than in girls (p<.01). Post hoc analyses within sexes showed yearly increases in jump height and Ppeak in all ages. In boys, the maximum jump height and predicted Ppeak 50th percentile ranged from 24.0 to 38.0 cm and 845.5 to 3061.6 W, respectively. In girls, the 50th percentile ranged from jump height was 22.3 to 27.0 cm and predicted Ppeak was 710.1 to 2036.4 W. For girls, jump height increased yearly from 9 to 12.9 years before reaching a plateau aged 13 to 16.9 years old. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide, for the first time, sex- and age-specific vertical jump height and predicted Ppeak reference standards for Colombian schoolchildren aged 9-17.9 years

Grip Strength Moderates the Association between Anthropometric and Body Composition Indicators and Liver Fat in Youth with an Excess of Adiposity

Paediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the most common early driver of chronic liver disease. The aim of this study was to examine whether grip strength moderates the association between anthropometric and body composition parameters and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), an indicator of fat deposits in the liver, in children and adolescents with excess of adiposity. A total of 127 adolescents (67% girls) aged between 11 and 17, attending two public schools in Bogota (Colombia), who had an axiological evaluation of obesity were included in this study. A grip strength test was assessed as an indicator of muscular strength, and cardiorespiratory fitness by maximal oxygen uptake was assessed using the 20 m shuttle-run test. Waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), fat mass, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (cm(3)) were included as anthropometric and body composition measures. CAP was determined with a FibroScan((R)) 502 Touch device (Echosens, Paris, France). The anthropometric and body composition parameters including WC, WHtR, fat mass, and VAT were positively associated with the CAP (range = 0.423 to 0.580), slightly reduced after being adjusted for handgrip strength/weight. The Johnson-Neyman technique revealed a significant inverse relationship between WC, WHtR, VAT, and CAP when grip strength normalized by body mass was above but not equal to or below 0.475 (8.1% of the sample), 0.469 (8.9% of the sample), and 0.470 (8.5% of the sample), respectively. In conclusion, grip strength adjusted by body mass, has a moderating effect on the association between anthropometric and body composition parameters (including WC, WHtR, and VAT) and CAP in in children and adolescents with excess of adiposity, suggesting the importance of promoting muscular strength during paediatric population in order to prevent NAFLD

Effectiveness of HIIT compared to moderate continuous training in improving vascular parameters in inactive adults

Background: Strong evidence shows that physical inactivity increases the risk of many adverse health conditions, including major non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), metabolic syndrome, and breast and colon cancers, and shortens life expectancy. We aimed to determine the effects of moderate (MCT)- versus high-intensity interval training (HIT) on vascular function parameters in physically inactive adults. We hypothesized that individualized HIT prescription would improve the vascular function parameters more than the MCT in a greater proportion of individuals. Methods: Twenty-one inactive adults were randomly allocated to receive either MCT group (60-75% of their heart rate reserve, [HRR] or HIT group (4 min at 85-95% of peak HRR), 3 days a week for 12 weeks. Vascular function (brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, FMD [%], normalized brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, FMDn [%], aortic pulse wave velocity, PWV [m·s - 1 ], AIx, augmentation index: aortic and brachial [%]), were measured at baseline and over 12 weeks of training. In order for a participant to be considered a responder to improvements in vascular function parameters (FMDn and PWV), the typical error was calculated in a favorable direction. Results: FMD changed by - 1.0% (SE 2.1, d = 0.388) in the MCT group, and + 1.8% (SE 1.8, d = 0.699) in the HIT group (no significant difference between groups: 2.9% [95% CI, - 3.0 to 8.8]. PWV changed by + 0.1 m·s - 1 (SE 0.2, d = 0.087) in the MCT group but decreased by - 0.4 m·s - 1 in the HIT group (SE 0.2, d = 0.497), with significant difference between groups: - 0.4 [95% CI, - 0.2 to - 0.7]. There was not a significant difference in the prevalence of no-responder for FMD (%) between the MCT and HIT groups (66% versus 36%, P = 0.157). Regarding PWV (m·s - 1 ), an analysis showed that the prevalence of no-responder was 77% (7 cases) in the MCT group and 45% (5 cases) in the HIT group (P = 0.114). Conclusions: Under the conditions of the present study, both groups experienced changed in vascular function parameters. Compared to MCT group, HIT is more efficacious for improving FMD and decreasing PWV, in physically inactive adults. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02738385 registered on 23 March 2016. © 2019 The Author(s)

The role of body adiposity index in determining body fat percentage in colombian adults with overweight or obesity

The aim of this study is to investigate the accuracy of body adiposity index (BAI) as a convenient tool for assessing body fat percentage (BF%) in a sample of adults with overweight/obesity using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). The study population was composed of 96 volunteers (60% female, mean age 40.6 ± 7.5 years old). Anthropometric characteristics (body mass index, height, waist-to-height ratio, hip and waist circumference), socioeconomic status, and diet were assessed, and BF% was measured by BIA-BF% and by BAIBF%. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between BAI-BF% and BF% assessed by BIA-BF%, while controlling for potential confounders. The concordance between the BF% measured by both methods was obtained with a paired sample t-test, Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient, and Bland-Altman plot analysis. Overall, the correlation between BF% obtained by BIA-BF% and estimated by BAI-BF% was r = 0.885, p less than 0.001, after adjusting for potential confounders (age, socioeconomic status, and diet). Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient was moderate in both sexes. In the men, the paired t-test showed a significant mean difference in BF% between the methods (-5.6 (95%CI -6.4 to -4.8); p less than 0.001). In the women, these differences were (-3.6 (95%CI -4.7 to -2.5); p less than 0.001). Overall, the bias of the BAI-BF% was -4.8 ± 3.2 BF%; p less than 0.001), indicating that the BAI-BF% method significantly underestimated the BF% in comparison with the reference method. In adults with overweight/obesity, the BAI presents low agreement with BF% measured by BIA-BF%; therefore, we conclude that BIA-BF% is not accurate in either sex when body fat percentage levels are low or high. Further studies are necessary to confirm our findings in different ethnic groups. © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

Ideal cardiovascular health, handgrip strength, and muscle mass among college students: The fuprecol adults study

The American Heart Association established the 2020 Strategic Impact Goals to define the concept of ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) and the metrics needed to monitor it across populations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between handgrip strength, muscle mass, and ideal CVH among Colombian college students. Data from 1,835 college students were analyzed (1,128 female). Muscular strength was estimated using a hand-held dynamometer and normalized to body mass (normalized grip strength [NGS]). The percentage of body fat was determined for bioelectrical impedance analysis using tetrapolar whole-body impedance. Ideal CVH was defined as meeting the ideal levels of 4 behaviors (smoking, body mass index, physical activity, and diet adherence) and 3 factors (total cholesterol, fasting glucose, and blood pressure). Higher levels of NGS and muscle mass (relative to body mass) were associated with a higher number of ideal CVH metrics in both sexes (p for trend less than 0.001). For the total ideal CVH metrics scored on a continuous scale from 0 (all 7 poor) to 7 (all 7 ideal), a 1-metric increase was associated with reduced odds of weak NGS (33 and 36%) and low-medium muscle mass (28 and 34%) mass in men and women, respectively (all p less than 0.001). This study indicates that in Colombian college students, both handgrip strength and muscle mass are positively associated with the ideal CVH metrics. To reduce the possible future public health burden of muscular weakness, health professionals need to encourage the public to optimize lifestyle-related risk factors during the young adult stage. © 2019 National Strength and Conditioning Association

Grip Strength Moderates the Association between Anthropometric and Body Composition Indicators and Liver Fat in Youth with an Excess of Adiposity

Paediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the most common early driver of chronic liver disease. The aim of this study was to examine whether grip strength moderates the association between anthropometric and body composition parameters and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), an indicator of fat deposits in the liver, in children and adolescents with excess of adiposity. A total of 127 adolescents (67% girls) aged between 11 and 17, attending two public schools in Bogotá (Colombia), who had an axiological evaluation of obesity were included in this study. A grip strength test was assessed as an indicator of muscular strength, and cardiorespiratory fitness by maximal oxygen uptake was assessed using the 20 m shuttle-run test. Waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), fat mass, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (cm3) were included as anthropometric and body composition measures. CAP was determined with a FibroScan® 502 Touch device (Echosens, Paris, France). The anthropometric and body composition parameters including WC, WHtR, fat mass, and VAT were positively associated with the CAP (range = 0.423 to 0.580), slightly reduced after being adjusted for handgrip strength/weight. The Johnson-Neyman technique revealed a significant inverse relationship between WC, WHtR, VAT, and CAP when grip strength normalized by body mass was above but not equal to or below 0.475 (8.1% of the sample), 0.469 (8.9% of the sample), and 0.470 (8.5% of the sample), respectively. In conclusion, grip strength adjusted by body mass, has a moderating effect on the association between anthropometric and body composition parameters (including WC, WHtR, and VAT) and CAP in in children and adolescents with excess of adiposity, suggesting the importance of promoting muscular strength during paediatric population in order to prevent NAFLD

Similar cardiometabolic effects of high- and moderate-intensity training among apparently healthy inactive adults : A randomized clinical trial

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) increases the risk of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease, and exercise training is an important factor in the treatment and prevention of the clinical components of MetS. Objective: The aim was to compare the effects of high-intensity interval training and steady-state moderate-intensity training on clinical components of MetS in healthy physically inactive adults. Methods: Twenty adults were randomly allocated to receive either moderate-intensity continuous training [MCT group; 60-80% heart rate reserve (HRR)] or high-intensity interval training (HIT group; 4 × 4 min at 85-95% peak HRR interspersed with 4 min of active rest at 65% peak HRR). We used the revised International Diabetes Federation criteria for MetS. A MetS Z-score was calculated for each individual and each component of the MetS. Results: In intent-to-treat analyses, the changes in MetS Z-score were 1.546 (1.575) in the MCT group and -1.249 (1.629) in the HIT group (between-groups difference, P = 0.001). The average number of cardiometabolic risk factors changed in the MCT group (-0.133, P = 0.040) but not in the HIT group (0.018, P = 0.294), with no difference between groups (P = 0.277). Conclusion: Among apparently healthy physically inactive adults, HIT and MCT offer similar cardiometabolic protection against single MetS risk factors but differ in their effect on average risk factors per subject. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02738385 registered on March 23, 2016 © 2017 The Author(s)

Prevalencia de barreras para la prÁctica de actividad fÍsica en estudiantes universitarios

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of barriers and their association with Colombia college students engaging in PA. Methods: A total of 5,663 students (3,348 male) from three cities in Colombia. In fall 2013, students voluntarily completed a demographic questionnaire, Barriers to Being Active Quiz. Logistic regression analysis of each barrier (adjusted for confusion variables: gender, age and BMI) was used for verifying such association. Results: The most prevalent barriers in overweight individuals were “fear of injury” (87.0%), “lack of skill” (79.8%) and “lack of resources” (64.3%). The group of females revealed a protective association regarding “lack of time” (OR=0.53: 0.47-0.60 95%CI), “social influence” (OR=0.67: 0.60-0.75 95%CI), “lack of energy” (OR=0.54: 0.49-0.61 95%CI), “lack of willpower” (OR=0.57: 0.51- 0.64 95%CI), “lack of skill” (OR=0.76: 0.66-0.87 95%CI) and “lack of resources” (OR=0.79: 0.71-0.89 95%CI). Such observation also appeared in the 20- to 23-yearold age group concerning “social influence” (OR=0.83: 0.74-0.94 95%CI) and in those aged over 23-years-old (OR=0.86: 0.74-0.99 95%CI) regarding “lack of energy”. Conclusion: A significant prevalence was found regarding self-perception of barriers leading to students ceasing to engage in PA. © 2015, Grupo Aula Medica S.A. All rights reserved