6,308 research outputs found
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'We're not like that': Crusader and Maverick Occupational Identity Resistance
This article explores the occupational identities of hairdressers and vehicle mechanics working in small and micro-firms. Using qualitative interview data from two UK cities, it examines the ways that workers expounded, reflected on and discursively reframed public perceptions of their occupation. A novel distinction between two types of identity reframing is proposed. âCrusadersâ are workers who reject characterisations as inappropriate for the occupation at large, whereas âmavericksâ accept that popular characterisations apply to other workers but differentiate themselves. The analysis identifies differences in occupational identity resistance strategies (crusader or maverick) when workers interact with two different publics: customers and trainees
Some recent results in aerospace vehicle trajectory optimization techniques
Algorithms and computation techniques for solving trajectory optimization problem
Holidaying with the family pet: No dogs allowed!
This paper assesses the extent to which dog owners located in Brisbane, Australia, wish to holiday with their pets, and whether there is a gap between this desire and reality. The paper also examines the extent to which this demand is being catered for by the tourism accommodation sector. The need for this study reflects the increasingly significant role dogs are playing in the lives of humans, and the scale
of the dog-owning population. The results suggest that, although there is a strong desire among dog owners to take holidays with their pets, the actualisation of this
desire is comparatively low. A significant obstacle to the realisation of this desire appears to be a dearth of pet-friendly accommodation. This has implications for the
ability of the tourism industry to benefit from this potentially lucrative market, that is, the dog-owning population
Who Do We Reach? Campaign Evaluation of Find Thirty every dayÂź Using Awareness Profiles in a Western Australian Cohort
Mass media campaigns are part of a comprehensive, population-based approach to communicate physical activity behavior change. Campaign awareness is the most frequently reported, short-term comparable measure of campaign effectiveness. Most mass media campaigns report those who were aware with those who are unaware of campaigns. Few campaigns follow awareness in the same respondent, over time, during a mass media campaign to track different patterns of awareness or awareness profilesâânever,â âearly,â âlate,â or âalwaysââthat may emerge. Using awareness profiles, the authors (a) address any demographic differences between groups and (b) assess changes in physical activity. Find Thirty every dayÂź was a populationwide mass media campaign delivered in Western Australia. The cohort comprised 405 participants, who completed periodic telephone interviews over 2 years. Almost one third (30.4%) were ânever awareâ of the campaign. More than one third recalled the campaign at one or more time pointsââearly aware.â Ten percent became aware at Time 2 and stayed aware of the campaign across the remaining time. Examining within and across the awareness profiles, only gender was significant. This article provides an approach to profiling awareness, whereby people cycle in and out and few people are âalways awareâ over a 2-year period. It presents possible implications and considerations for future campaign planners interested in establishing and maintaining campaign awareness with adult populations
Integrated Laboratory Demonstrations of Multi-Object Adaptive Optics on a Simulated 10-Meter Telescope at Visible Wavelengths
One important frontier for astronomical adaptive optics (AO) involves methods
such as Multi-Object AO and Multi-Conjugate AO that have the potential to give
a significantly larger field of view than conventional AO techniques. A second
key emphasis over the next decade will be to push astronomical AO to visible
wavelengths. We have conducted the first laboratory simulations of wide-field,
laser guide star adaptive optics at visible wavelengths on a 10-meter-class
telescope. These experiments, utilizing the UCO/Lick Observatory's Multi-Object
/ Laser Tomography Adaptive Optics (MOAO/LTAO) testbed, demonstrate new
techniques in wavefront sensing and control that are crucial to future on-sky
MOAO systems. We (1) test and confirm the feasibility of highly accurate
atmospheric tomography with laser guide stars, (2) demonstrate key innovations
allowing open-loop operation of Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensors (with errors
of ~30 nm) as will be needed for MOAO, and (3) build a complete error budget
model describing system performance. The AO system maintains a performance of
32.4% Strehl on-axis, with 24.5% and 22.6% at 10" and 15", respectively, at a
science wavelength of 710 nm (R-band) over the equivalent of 0.8 seconds of
simulation. The MOAO-corrected field of view is ~25 times larger in area than
that limited by anisoplanatism at R-band. Our error budget is composed of terms
verified through independent, empirical experiments. Error terms arising from
calibration inaccuracies and optical drift are comparable in magnitude to
traditional terms like fitting error and tomographic error. This makes a strong
case for implementing additional calibration facilities in future AO systems,
including accelerometers on powered optics, 3D turbulators, telescope and LGS
simulators, and external calibration ports for deformable mirrors.Comment: 29 pages, 11 figures, submitted to PAS
'An Apotheosis of Well-Being': Durkheim on austerity and double-dip recessions
This article is an attempt to contribute a view on the economic crisis from classical sociology, a voice often missing from the sociological response to the crisis. The work of Ămile Durkheim provides a unique perspective here centred on morality and inequality produced in a historical context akin to our neoliberal times. It is argued there are four key points to take from Durkheimâs work. Firstly, that the initial credit crunch can be more fully understood with reference to the economic anomie which Durkheim sees as âchronicâ in a time of marketization. Secondly, that this creates an antagonistic relationship between a supposedly self-dependent rich and lazy poor. Thirdly, this conception of self-dependency and individual initiative makes any attempt to regulate the economy akin to sacrilege. Finally, the state is unwilling to intervene due to the emergence of âpseudo-democraciesâ. Therefore, Durkheimâs theory accounts for the initial crisis, austerity and double-dip recessions in a sociological framework. The article concludes by returning to the centrality of morality to the crisis for Durkheim and highlighting the omission of this in contemporary debates
Measuring public opinion and acceptability of prevention policies: an integrative review and narrative synthesis of methods.
Acceptability of and public support for prevention are an important part of facilitating policy implementation. This review aims to identify, summarize and synthesize the methods and study designs used to measure and understand public opinion, community attitudes and acceptability of strategies to prevent chronic noncommunicable disease (NCDs) in order to allow for examination of imbalances in methodological approaches and gaps in content areas. We searched four scientific databases (CINAHL, Embase, Ovid/MEDLINE and Scopus) for peer-reviewed, English-language studies published between January 2011 and March 2020 in high-income, democratic countries across North America, Europe and the Asia-Pacific region. Studies were included if they focused on opinions, attitudes and acceptability of primary prevention strategies and interventions addressing the key NCD risk factors of alcohol use, unhealthy diet, overweight/obesity, tobacco use and smoking, and physical inactivity. A total of 293 studies were included. Two thirds of studies (nâ=â194, 66%) used quantitative methods such as cross-sectional studies involving surveys of representative (nâ=â129, 44%) or convenience (nâ=â42, 14%) samples. A smaller number of studies used qualitative methods (nâ=â60, 20%) such as focus groups (nâ=â21, 7%) and interviews (nâ=â21, 7%). Thirty-nine studies (13%) used mixed methods such as content analysis of news media (nâ=â17, 6%). Tobacco control remains the dominant topic of public opinion literature about prevention (nâ=â124, 42%). Few studies looked solely at physical inactivity (nâ=â17, 6%). The results of this review suggest that public opinion and acceptability of prevention in the peer-reviewed literature is investigated primarily through cross-sectional surveys. Qualitative and mixed methods may provide more nuanced insights which can be used to facilitate policy implementation of more upstream strategies and policies to prevent NCDs
Does physical activity moderate the association between alcohol drinking and all-cause, cancer and cardiovascular diseases mortality risk? A pooled analysis of eight British population cohorts
OBJECTIVE: To examine whether physical activity (PA) moderates the association between alcohol intake and all-cause mortality, cancer mortality and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) mortality. DESIGN: Prospective study using 8 British population-based surveys, each linked to cause-specific mortality: Health Survey for England (1994, 1998, 1999, 2003, 2004 and 2006) and Scottish Health Survey (1998 and 2003). PARTICIPANTS: 36â
370 men and women aged 40â
years and over were included with a corresponding 5735 deaths and a mean of 353â
049 person-years of follow-up. EXPOSURES: 6 sex-specific categories of alcohol intake (UK units/week) were defined: (1) never drunk; (2) ex-drinkers; (3) occasional drinkers; (4) within guidelines (35 (women) >49 (men)). PA was categorised as inactive (â€7â
MET-hour/week), active at the lower (>7.5â
MET-hour/week) and upper (>15â
MET-hour/week) of recommended levels. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Cox proportional-hazard models were used to examine associations between alcohol consumption and all-cause, cancer and CVD mortality risk after adjusting for several confounders. Stratified analyses were performed to evaluate mortality risks within each PA stratum. RESULTS: We found a direct association between alcohol consumption and cancer mortality risk starting from drinking within guidelines (HR (95% CI) hazardous drinking: 1.40 (1.11 to 1.78)). Stratified analyses showed that the association between alcohol intake and mortality risk was attenuated (all-cause) or nearly nullified (cancer) among individuals who met the PA recommendations (HR (95% CI)). CONCLUSIONS: Meeting the current PA public health recommendations offsets some of the cancer and all-cause mortality risk associated with alcohol drinking
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The value in de-emphasizing structure in liquidity
In the set of commentaries on liquidity entitled âThe continuing significance of social structure in liquid modernity,â three sets of authors set out to examine the relationship between liquidity and structure, value, and distinction. In doing so, they attempt to marry theories which argue against sociologist Zygmunt Baumanâs central thesis that societal structures are shifting with his seminal construct of liquidity, an exercise that has mixed results. All three sets of authors have engaged with Baumanâs conceptualization of liquid modernity as well as our conceptualization of liquid consumption and its consequences. In this response to the commentaries, we clarify how we understand Bauman and how we have used his ideas in our theorizing, engage with the three sets of authorâs advocacy for emphasizing the continuing relevance of structure within liquidity, and, finally, sum up how de-emphasizing structure has and can continue to lead to important new insights in marketing theory
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