Query SessionDetectionas aCascade

Abstract We propose a cascading method for query session detection in search engine logs (i.e., for finding consecutive queries a user submitted for the same information need). Our approach involves different detection steps that form a cascade in the sense that computationally costly features are applied only after cheapfeatures“failed.”Thiscascadeisdifferenttoprevioussessiondetectionapproaches most of which involve many features simultaneously. Our experiments show thecascadingmethodtosaveruntimecomparedtothestateoftheartwhile the detected sessions ’ accuracy is improved.

Urban Design for Mussolini, Stalin, Salazar, Hitler and Franco During the Interwar Period

Urban design played a central role for the European dictatorships during the 20th century, it served to legitimate the regime, to produce agreement, to demonstrate power, efficiency and speed, it communicated the social, as well as design projects, of the dictatorial regimes domestically and internationally, it tied old experts, as well as new, to the regime. Dictatorial urban design also played an important role after the fall of the dictatorships: It became the object of structural and verbal handling strategies: of demolition, of transformation, of reconstruction, of forgetting, of suppressing, of re-interpretation and of glorification. The topic area is, therefore, both historical and relevant to the present day. The discussion of the topic area is, like it or not, always embedded in the present state of societal engagement with dictatorships. In order to even be able to discuss all of these aspects, different conceptual decisions are necessary. In retrospect, these may seem to many as self-evident, although they are anything but. Our thesis is that there are three methodological imperatives, especially, which allow an expanded approach to the topic area “urban design and dictatorship”. First and above all, the tunnel view, focused on individual dictatorships and neglecting the international dimension, must be overcome. Second, the differences in urban design over the course of a dictatorship, through an appropriate periodisation, should be emphasised. Third, we must strive for an open, flexible, but complex concept of urban design. The main focus lies on the urban design of the most influential dictatorships of the first half of the 20th century: Soviet Union, Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany, including the urban design of the autarky periods in Portugal and Spain. After all, urban design is not just a product of specific historic circumstances. It is a form that continues to have long-term effects, which demonstrates its usefulness and adaptability throughout this process. The urban design products undoubtedly still recall the dictatorial rule under which they were created. However, they are more than a memory space. They are also a living space of the present. They can and should be discussed with respect to their spatial and functional utility for today and tomorrow. Such a perspective is a given for the citizens of a city, but also for city marketing, having marvellous consequences. Only when we do not exclude this dimension a priori, even in academic discussions, can we do justice to the products of dictatorships. And finally, the view of the urban design of dictatorships can and must contribute to the questioning of simplified and naive conceptions of dictatorships. With urban design in mind, we can observe how dictatorships work and how they were able to prevail. In Europe, these questions are of the highest actuality

ARCHETYPES OF DIGITAL BUSINESS MODELS IN LOGISTICS START-UPS

Our work develops an archetypical representation of current digital business models of Start-Ups in the logistics sector. In order to achieve our goal, we analyze the business models of 125 Start-Ups. We draw our sample from the Start-Up database AngelList and focus on platform-driven businesses. We chose Start-Ups as they often are at the forefront of innovation and thus have a high likelihood of operating digital business models. Following well-established methodological guidelines, we construct a taxonomy of digital business models in multiple iterations. We employ different algorithms for cluster analysis to find and generate clusters based on commonalities between the business models across the dimensions and characteristics of the taxonomy. Ultimately, we use the dominant features of the emerging patterns within the clusters to derive archetypes

Three Weeks of Detraining Does Not Decrease Muscle Thickness, Strength or Sport Performance in Adolescent Athletes

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(6): 633-644, 2020. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of detraining following a block (BLOCK) or daily undulating periodized (DUP) resistance training (RT) on hypertrophy, strength, and athletic performance in adolescent athletes. Twenty-one males (age = 16 ± 0.7 years; range 15-18 years) were randomly assigned to one of two 12-week intervention groups (three full-body RT sessions per week): BLOCK (n = 9); DUP (n = 12). Subsequently a three-week detraining period was applied. Body mass, fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), muscle mass, muscle thickness (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis and triceps brachii), one-repetition maximum squat and bench press, countermovement jump (CMJ), peak power calculated from CMJ (Ppeak), medicine ball put distance, and 36.58m sprint were recorded before and after RT as well as after detraining. BLOCK and DUP were equally effective for improvements of athletic performance in young athletes. Both groups displayed significantly (ρ ≤ 0.05) higher values of all measures after RT except FM, which was unchanged. Only FM increased (p = 0.010; ES = 0.14) and FFM decreased (p = 0.018; ES = -0.18) after detraining. All other measurements were unaffected by the complete cessation of training. Values were still elevated compared to pre-training. Linear regression showed a strong correlation between the percentage change by resistance training and the decrease during detraining for CMJ (R² = 0.472) and MBP (R² = 0.629). BLOCK and DUP RT seem to be equally effective in adolescent athletes for increasing strength, muscle mass, and sport performance. In addition, three weeks of detraining did not affect muscle thickness, strength, or sport performance in adolescent athletes independent of previous resistance training periodization model used

Towards a methodical framework for comprehensively assessing forest multifunctionality

Funded by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Grant Number: DFG FOR 891/1-3 National Natural Science Foundation of China. Grant Numbers: 30710103907, 30930005, 31170457, 31210103910 Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) Sino-German Centre for Research Promotion in Beijing. Grant Number: GZ 986Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Protocol de Barcelona : Pla d’Acció Europeu per a les Ciutats i la Terra

Presentat per la tinenta d'alcaldia d’Ecologia, Urbanisme, Infraestructures i Mobilitat el 04-10-202

Root trenching: a useful tool to estimate autotrophic soil respiration? A case study in an Austrian mountain forest

We conducted a trenching experiment in a mountain forest in order to assess the contribution of theautotrophic respiration to total soil respiration and evaluate trenching as a technique to achieve it. We hypothesised that the trenching experiment would alter both microbial biomass and microbial community structure and that Wne roots (less than 2 mm diameter) would be decomposed within one growing season. Soil CO2 eZux was measured roughlybiweekly over two growing seasons. Root presence and morphology parameters, as well as the soil microbial community were measured prior to trenching, 5 and 15 months after trenching. The trenched plots emitted about 20 and 30% less CO2 than the control plots in the Wrst and secondgrowing season, respectively. Roots died in trenched plots, but root decay was slow. After 5 and 15 months, Wne root biomass was decreased by 9% (not statistically diferent)and 30%, (statistically diVerent) respectively. When wecorrected for the additional trenched-plot CO2 eZux due to Wne root decomposition, the autotrophic soil respiration rose to »26% of the total soil respiration for the Wrst growing season, and to »44% for the second growing season.Soil microbial biomass and community structure was not altered by the end of the second growing season. We conclude that trenching can give accurate estimates of the autotrophic and heterotrophic components of soil respiration, ifmethodological side eVects are accounted for, only