The Southern Ocean Toothfish Fishery – conflicting evidence highlights uncertainty in fishery management.

The Southern Ocean toothfish fisheries, -managed by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)- are constantly examined for their sustainability and greater ecosystem impacts. Despite fish biology and ecosystem interactions having been investigated since the establishment of CCAMLR in 1982, the data produced is yet to allow scientists to draw comprehensive conclusions about the impact and true scale of the exploitation of fisheries or the trophic interactions of fish populations with marine mammals and the wider ecosystem. Although a vast amount of literature explains some of the life histories and biology, there is still not enough known about toothfish, specifically; juvenile toothfish survival rates, juvenile distributions, geographic influences, water circulation influences, migrations and movements, to allow us to understand the importance of this key species in the Antarctic ecosystem. This review highlights new research that identifies some of the unknowns about the fish biology, challenging CCAMLR’s views of a sustainable fishery. This review also identifies gaps in the literature that proves that the vast connection to the ecosystem cannot be fully understood with improved knowledge

Antarctic future technologies.

Science in Antarctica has greatly increased our knowledge of climate, the Earth’s history and the human impact on the world’s environments, yet scientific activities in Antarctica are having a direct impact on the immediate environment. Fossil fuels are relied on to run nearly all operations on the continent and activities can have direct impacts to the physical environment. New technologies are providing a means to reduce these impacts in Antarctica and this report aims to showcase some of these. Renewable energies such as wind and solar power; waste management technologies such as a membrane bioreactor and Permeable Reactive Barriers; field science technologies such as the MinION and WindSled; data networking and communicative technologies are all discussed. The chosen technologies highlight the opportunity for National Antarctic Programs to reduce their physical impact, carbon footprint, improve science practices and encourage collaboration in Antarctica