Efeitos do destreinamento e da interrupção do uso de esteroides anabólicos androgênicos sobre as propriedades morfológicas do tendão calcâneo de ratos

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ceilândia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Tecnologia em Saúde, 2016.Introdução: A combinação dos esteroides anabólicos androgênicos (EAA) com o exercício pode induzir alterações patológicas em tendões, porém pouco se sabe sobre os efeitos do destreinamento e da interrupção da administração dos EAA sobre os tendões. Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos do destreinamento e da interrupção do uso de decanoato de nandrolona sobre as propriedades morfológicas do tendão calcâneo (TC) de ratos, imediatamente e 6 semanas após a administração. Material e métodos: Ratos Wistar foram divididos em quatro grupos experimentais (n = 10/grupo): sedentário (S), treinados (T), tratados com EAA (Deca-Durabolin 5 mg/kg de peso corporal, duas vezes por semana) (EAA) e animais tratados com EAA e treinados (EAAT). O protocolo de treinamento consistiu em 1 semana de adaptação (2-4 series, 5-10 saltos, 30s de descanso e 50% de sobrecarga) e 7 de treinamento (4 series de 10 saltos, 30s de descanso e um aumento na sobrecarga de 5%/semana chegando a 80%). Resultados: Os principais achados sugerem que o treinamento aumentou a vascularização e celularidade da camada peritendínea (Pe). O uso de EAA aumentou a Vv% de células do tendão propriamente dito (TPD) e redução na Vv% de células adiposas e comparado ao grupo T também mostrou uma redução na vascularização e celularidade da camada externa. O grupo EAAT mostrou uma redução na adiposidade, comparado ao T, além de redução na vascularização e celularidade da camada Pe. O grupo destreinado (T) não apresentou alterações. O grupo em que foi interrompida a administração de (EAA) mostrou um aumento na adiposidade e redução na celularidade das camadas interna e externa. O grupo interrupção associado ao destreinamento (EAAT) mostrou uma redução na adiposidade comparado ao EAA, redução na vascularização e celularidade da camada Pe, comparados ao grupo T e redução de células do TPD. A análise temporal mostrou que o destreinamento foi representado por um aumento na adiposidade e células internas, além de redução na vascularização. A interrupção da administração de EAA foi representado por aumento na adiposidade e de células da camada Pe, além de redução na celularidade do TPD. A associação da interrupção da administração com o destreinamento mostrou um aumento em todas as variáveis na região distal e redução na celularidade do TPD, na região proximal. Conclusão: Os beneficios do treinamento permanecem mesmo após 6 semanas de destreino, porém isso só é observado quando ocorre a interrupção da administração de EAA.Introduction: The combination of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) with exercise can induce pathological changes in tendons, but little is known about the effects of detraining and discontinuation of the EAA on the tendons. Objective: To analyze the effects of detraining and discontinuing the use of nandrolone decanoate on the morphological properties of the Achilles tendon (CT) mice immediately and 6 weeks after administration. Methods: Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups (n = 10 / group): sedentary (S) trained (T), treated with AAS (Deca-Durabolin 5 mg / kg of body weight twice per week) (EAA) and animals treated with AAS and trained (EAAT). The training protocol consisted of one week of adaptation (2-4 series, 5-10 jumps, 30s rest and 50% overload) and 7 training (4 series of 10 jumps, 30 seconds of rest and an increase in overhead 5% / week reaching 80%). Results: The main findings suggest that training increased vascularization and cellularity Peritendinous layer (Pe). The use of EAA increased Vv% tendon cell itself (TPD) and Vv% reduction in fat cells and compared to the T group also showed a decrease in cellularity and vascularity of the outer layer. The EAAT group showed a decrease in adiposity, compared to T, and reduction in vascularization and cellularity Fr layer. The untrained group (T) had no change. The group that was interrupted administration of (EAA) showed an increase in adiposity and reduced cellularity of the inner and outer layers. The interruption group associated with detraining (EAAT) showed a reduction in adiposity compared to the EAA, reduced vascularization and cellularity Pe layer, compared to the T group and reducing TPD cells. The temporal analysis showed that the detraining was represented by an increase in adiposity and internal cells, and decrease in vascularization. Discontinuation of EAA administration was represented by an increase in adiposity and Pe layer of cells, and reduced cellularity of TPD. The administration of termination of association with detraining showed an increase in all variables in the distal region and reduced cellularity of the TPD in the proximal region. Conclusion: The training benefits remain even after 6 weeks of detraining, but this is only observed when the interruption occurs EAA administration

Exploring the feasibility of applying the Land Use Modelling Platform outside the EU. Preliminary estimates of the global demand for urban land

This technical note aims to present the progresses done towards the evaluation of the possible application of the Land Use Modelling Platform in a global context or anyhow outside the geographical borders of Europe. The definition and computation of demands for land-uses are the first element to be appraised since are essential inputs for the modelling platform. The note describes the methodology adopted to compute the demand for urban land (this includes land uses related to residences, leisure facilities and small commercial and industrial activities) in 10 region worldwide according to a set of different scenarios of demographic exspansion.JRC.H.8-Sustainability Assessmen

Quantum Topology Change in (2 + 1)d

The topology of orientable (2 + 1)d spacetimes can be captured by certain lumps of non-trivial topology called topological geons. They are the topological analogues of conventional solitons. We give a description of topological geons where the degrees of freedom related to topology are separated from the complete theory that contains metric (dynamical) degrees of freedom. The formalism also allows us to investigate processes of quantum topology change. They correspond to creation and annihilation of quantum geons. Selection rules for such processes are derived.Comment: LaTeX file, 33 pages, 10 postscript figures, some typos corrected, references updated, and other minor change

Estimating Demand for Industrial and Commercial Land Use Given Economic Forecasts

Current developments in the field of land use modelling point towards greater level of spatial and thematic resolution and the possibility to model large geographical extents. Improvements are taking place as computational capabilities increase and socioeconomic and environmental data are produced with sufficient detail. Integrated approaches to land use modelling rely on the development of interfaces with specialized models from fields like economy, hydrology, and agriculture. Impact assessment of scenarios/policies at various geographical scales can particularly benefit from these advances. A comprehensive land use modelling framework includes necessarily both the estimation of the quantity and the spatial allocation of land uses within a given timeframe. In this paper, we seek to establish straightforward methods to estimate demand for industrial and commercial land uses that can be used in the context of land use modelling, in particular for applications at continental scale, where the unavailability of data is often a major constraint. We propose a set of approaches based on ‘land use intensity’ measures indicating the amount of economic output per existing areal unit of land use. A base model was designed to estimate land demand based on regional-specific land use intensities; in addition, variants accounting for sectorial differences in land use intensity were introduced.JRC.H.8-Sustainability Assessmen

Planning for Challenging Transitions

UID/HIS/04666/2019Travel and tourism is one of the world's largest industries. According to the United Nations World Tourism Organisation, it "surpasses that of oil exports, food products or automobiles". Although there is a broad consensus regarding a wide variety of positive and negative economic, environmental and social impacts boosted by tourism on historical neighbourhoods, there is still scarce literature and practice about how to monitor and balance their effects on the quality of life of these communities. Within this background, this paper first indented to identify and relate the different impacts produced by the recent boom of the tourism activity in Alfama’s community, a millenary neighbourhood in the historical centre of Lisbon (Portugal). Using new and unpublished data collected by an extensive survey conducted in Alfama to their inhabitants, economic agents and tourists, complemented by a Focus Group session with chosen representatives of the main local actors, it was possible to identify the main positive and negative tourism impacts and then relate them in a cause-effect matrix. The cause-effect relations between the different impacts were then analysed with a Social Network Analysis (SNA) software – Gephi. This kind of tool is not traditionally applied to tourism impacts data analysis. However, network maps highlight with great clarity the type of relations among the impacts perceived by the different users of historical neighbourhoods, as it is possible to identify which are the most and least referred to, connected and centralised. Once obtained, these results are critical for researchers and decision makers in the tourism and urban planning field, showing new perspectives to shape future researches and urban planning policies. Monitoring and balance tourism impacts is therefore essential to address the challenging transitions observed in historical neighbourhoods and to plan new approaches to cities as systems of interaction between inhabitants, tourists and economic activities.publishersversionpublishe

Population estimation for the Urban Atlas Polygons

The aim of this technical note is to describe the methodology and source data used to estimate the residential population in each built-up polygon of the Urban Atlas land use/cover dataset. The final outcome of the procedure is a new attribute to the Urban Atlas polygons that will broaden the range of uses of the Urban Atlas dataset, contributing to new analysis and assessments in different thematic fields, e.g. urban quality of life (accessibility to recreational areas; exposure to sources of noise); urban morphology (population density gradients).JRC.H.8-Sustainability Assessmen

O professor de geografia e o jovem-aluno no espaço geográfico da escola

O presente artigo visa realizar uma discussão da escola na contemporaneidade, tomando como referência os sujeitos, suas ações e práticas e suas espacialidades. O artigo apresenta-se estruturado em duas partes, além das considerações finais: O professor e escola nas tramas da contemporaneidade; e O espaço geográfico da escola: o jovem-aluno e o professor. Na primeira seção, a ideia é apresentar alguns elementos sobre o professor a escola atual. Demonstraremos as densas relações estabelecidas entre essa instituição e o contexto externo. A escola é, ao mesmo tempo, produzida e produtora do espaço além de seus muros. Em meio a tudo isso, as ações e práticas do professor acontecem nas tramas do mundo e do espaço escolar. O espaço geográfico da escola e seus sujeitos são abordados na segunda seção. Nesta, procuramos apresentar alguns elementos sobre a escola pensada a partir da espacialidade dos sujeitos que lhe atribuem vida. A proposta foi de sinalizar, que é preciso o docente conhecer melhor o jovem-aluno. Assim como, advogar que o professor de geografia pode utilizar o espaço geográfico da escola enquanto um elemento na aprendizagem do jovem-aluno