Digestive physiology of swine fed diets with different phosphorus sources

Objetivou-se avaliar a fonte de fósforo de melhor qualidade para uso na alimentação de suínos e que provoque menor impacto ambiental pela excreção de fósforo no ambiente. Foram utilizados 21 suínos machos castrados com peso inicial de 31,94 ± 2,88 kg mantidos com dietas à base de milho, farelo de soja e óleo vegetal (controle) suplementadas com fosfato bicálcico (FBC), fosfato monobicálcico (MBC), superfosfato triplo (ST), superfosfato simples (SS), ácido fosfórico (AcF) ou fosfato de rocha catalão. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, com sete fontes de fósforo e três repetições e um animal por unidade experimental. O modelo usado foi determinístico e compartimental, de modo que o trato gastrintestinal (C1), o plasma (C2), os ossos (C3) e os tecidos moles (coração, fígado, rins e músculos) estudados em conjunto (C4) representaram os compartimentos. Foram utilizados dados de metabolismo e cinética do fósforo em tecidos, obtidos pela técnica de diluição isotópica. O superfosfato simples destacou-se entre as fontes estudadas como a fonte com menor capacidade de poluir o meio ambiente, melhor biodisponibilidade e metabolismo mais eficiente em suínos em crescimento.The source of phosphorus of better quality for use in the pig feeding and that cause less environment impact by the excretion of phosphorus in the enviroment was evaluated. Twenty-one male pigs weighting 34.94 ± 2.88 were fed corn-soybean meal based diets supplemented with different P sources: control without P supplementation P (Cont), dicalcium (FBC), monodicalcium (MBC), triple superphosphate (ST), simple superphosphate (SS), Catalão rock (Rocha) and phosphoric acid (AcF). The experiment was designed to evaluate the P availability and P excretion to environment. The experiment was arranged in randomized blocks, with seven treatments and three replicates and one pig/box. The model was deterministic and compartimental, in which the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) (C1), plasma C2, bones (C3) and soft tissues (liver, heart, kidney and muscle) (C4) represented the compartments. Metabolism data and kinetics of P in tissues were obtained by the isotopic dilution technique. The simple superphosphate is the phosphorus source with the smallest capacity for polluting the environment, best bioavailability and most efficient use for the metabolism of growing swine

Do whole-body vibration exercise and resistance exercise modify concentrations of salivary cortisol and immunoglobulin A?

A single bout of resistance exercise (RE) induces hormonal and immune responses, playing an important role in a long-term adaptive process. Whole-body vibration (WBV) has also been shown to affect hormonal responses. Evidence suggests that combining WBV with RE may amplify hormonal and immune responses due to the increased neuromuscular load. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate salivary cortisol (Scortisol) and salivary IgA (SIgA) concentrations following a RE session combined or not with WBV. Nine university students (22.9 ± 5.1 years, 175.8 ± 5.2 cm, and 69.2 ± 7.3 kg) performed five sets of squat exercise (70% one-repetition-maximum) combined (R+V30) or not (R) with WBV at 30 Hz. Saliva samples were obtained before and after exercise. Subjects also rated their effort according to the Borg CR-10 scale (RPE). Data were analyzed by a mixed model. RPE was higher after R+V30 (8.3 ± 0.7) compared to R (6.2 ± 0.7). However, Scortisol (pre: 10.6 ± 7.6 and 11.7 ± 7.6, post: 8.3 ± 6.3 and 10.2 ± 7.2 ng/mL for R and R+V30, respectively) and SIgA concentrations (pre: 98.3 ± 22.6 and 116.1 ± 51.2, post: 116.6 ± 64.7 and 143.6 ± 80.5 µg/mL for R and R+V30, respectively) were unaffected. No significant correlations were observed between Scortisol and RPE (r = 0.45, P = 0.22; r = 0.30, P = 0.42, for R and R+V30, respectively). On the basis of these data, neither protocol modified salivary cortisol or IgA, although RPE was higher after R+V30 than R

Modelo de insolvência aplicado a organizações cooperativas médicas: análise do mercado brasileiro

Brazilian health plan operators, like all Health Care Operators, are subject to the risks inherent in the Supplementary Health Plans market, in addition to a rigid regulation of this segment so important to Brazilians. In this context, this article aims to identify among the models of insolvency commonly applied to companies, which would have the best performance in predicting the Insolvency of Medical Cooperatives Operators of Health Plans. Brazilian Medical Cooperatives that sent data to National Agency Health Care (ANS) in the period from 2010 to 2017, totaling an average of 310 institutions per year. Six models of insolvency prediction were applied. As a result, the models with the best performance were: Matias, followed by the one proposed by Altman, Baidya and Dias and then the model Guimarães and Alves. The models presented a strong analysis of the work focused on the model that had a logistic regression technique directed to the analysis of Operators of (OPS) Health Plans. However, it presents low sensitivity in insolvency classification, needing to analyze this other point with another model more adherent to the process.As cooperativas médicas Operadoras de Planos de Saúde brasileiras, estão sujeitas, como toda e qualquer Operadora de Plano de Saúde, aos riscos inerentes ao mercado de Planos de Saúde Suplementar, além de uma rígida regulação deste segmento tão importante aos brasileiros. Nesse contexto, o presente artigo, tem como objetivo identificar dentre os modelos de insolvência comumente aplicados às empresas, qual teria o melhor desempenho em prever a Insolvência de Cooperativas Médicas Operadoras de Planos de Saúde. Como base de dados, foram utilizadas as demonstrações financeiras das Cooperativas Médicas Brasileiras que enviaram dados à Agência Nacional de Saúde (ANS) no período de 2010 a 2017, totalizando a média de 310 instituições por ano. Foram aplicados 6 modelos clássicos de previsão de Insolvência. Como resultado, os modelos com melhor desempenho, foram: O proposto por Matias, Altman, Baidya e Dias e em seguida Guimarães e Alves. Os modelos apresentaram forte equiparação de análises focados no trabalho com destaque para o modelo que tinha tecnicamente regressão logística direcionado a análise de Operadoras de Planos de Saúde (OPS). Porém apresentando baixa sensibilidade em classificação de insolventes, necessitando analisar este outro ponto com outro modelo mais aderente ao processo

Genomic Architecture Predicts Tree Topology, Population Structuring, and Demographic History in Amazonian Birds

Geographic barriers are frequently invoked to explain genetic structuring across the landscape. However, inferences on the spatial and temporal origins of population variation have been largely limited to evolutionary neutral models, ignoring the potential role of natural selection and intrinsic genomic processes known as genomic architecture in producing heterogeneity in differentiation across the genome. To test how variation in genomic characteristics (e.g. recombination rate) impacts our ability to reconstruct general patterns of differentiation between species that cooccur across geographic barriers, we sequenced the whole genomes of multiple bird populations that are distributed across rivers in southeastern Amazonia. We found that phylogenetic relationships within species and demographic parameters varied across the genome in predictable ways. Genetic diversity was positively associated with recombination rate and negatively associated with species tree support. Gene flow was less pervasive in genomic regions of low recombination, making these windows more likely to retain patterns of population structuring that matched the species tree. We further found that approximately a third of the genome showed evidence of selective sweeps and linked selection, skewing genome-wide estimates of effective population sizes and gene flow between populations toward lower values. In sum, we showed that the effects of intrinsic genomic characteristics and selection can be disentangled from neutral processes to elucidate spatial patterns of population differentiation

O ensino médio integrado na perspectiva da pedagogia histórico-crítica

This article proposes to reflect on the relations between historical-critical pedagogy in line with the perspective of integrated secondary education. Integrated Secondary Education assumes an integrated training perspective based on the founding categories of omnilaterality, polytechnics and the integrated dimensions of each other (work, science, technology and culture). For the professional and technological education in Brazil presents in its historical context the duality between education directed to the activities of the intellectuality and those around the manual activities directed to the making of the worker, socially discredited. It is the classic division between general, propaedeutic and vocational training. Thus, it aims to discuss the pedagogical contributions of historical-critical pedagogy in the context of integrated secondary education with a view to integrated training. For that, a bibliographic study was started associating the assumptions of the referred pedagogy to the object of study of the research that is the Integrated High School to Professional and Technological Education, using as theoretical base Mizukami (1986) Libâneo (1991), Gasparin (2002) Santos (2005), Ramos (2008) Saviani (2011) Araújo and Frigotto (2015), among others. The study revealed that, although there is not only a possible tendency to achieve the objectives of the integrated secondary education, the historical-critical progressive tendency, whose philosophical basis is historical dialectical materialism and Vygostski’s historical cultural theory is one of the main theories regarding the pedagogical practices in the context of integrated secondary education to recommend the commitment to social transformation and integrated training of students.Este artigo propõe refletir sobre a pedagogia histórico-crítica em consonância com a perspectiva do Ensino Médio Integrado. O Ensino Médio Integrado assume uma perspectiva de formação integrada a partir das categorias fundantes da omnilateralidade e politecnia e as dimensões integradas entre si (trabalho, ciência, tecnologia e cultura). A educação profissional e tecnológica no Brasil apresenta em seu contexto histórico a dualidade entre educação voltada para as atividades da intelectualidade e as em torno das atividades manuais direcionadas ao fazer do trabalhador, desprestigiado socialmente. É a divisão clássica entre a formação geral, propedêutica, e a profissionalizante. Assim, objetiva-se discutir as contribuições pedagógicas da pedagogia histórico-crítica no contexto do Ensino Médio Integrado com vista a formação integrada. Para tanto, partiu-se de um estudo bibliográfico associando os pressupostos da referida pedagogia ao objeto de estudo da pesquisa que é o Ensino Médio Integrado à Educação Profissional e Tecnológica, utilizando-se como base teórica Mizukami (1986), Libâneo (1991), Gasparin (2002), Santos (2005), Ramos (2008), Saviani (2011a), Araújo e Frigotto (2015), dentre outros. O estudo revelou que, embora não exista apenas uma tendência possível buscando atingir os objetivos do Ensino Médio Integrado, a tendência progressista histórico-crítica, cuja base filosófica é o materialismo histórico-dialético e a teoria histórico-cultural de Vygostski, consiste em uma das principais teorias no tocante as práticas pedagógicas no contexto do Ensino Médio Integrado ao preconizar o compromisso com a transformação social e a formação integrada dos estudantes

Antibody indexes in COVID-19 convalescent plasma donors: Unanswered questions

OBJECTIVE: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is characterized by high contagiousness, as well as variable clinical manifestations and immune responses. The antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 is directly related to viral clearance and the antibodies’ ability to neutralize the virus and confer long-term immunity. Nevertheless, the response can also be associated with disease severity and evolution. This study correlated the clinical characteristics of convalescent COVID-19 patients with immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. METHODS: This study included 51 COVID-19 health care professionals who were candidates for convalescent plasma donation from April to June 2020. The subjects had symptomatic COVID-19 with a polymerase chain reaction-confirmed diagnosis. We measured anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG antibodies after symptom recovery, and the subjects were classified as having mild, moderate, or severe symptoms. RESULTS: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were positive in most patients (90.2%). The antibody indexes for IgA and IgG did not differ significantly between patients presenting with mild or moderate symptoms. However, they were significantly higher in patients with severe symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed an association between higher antibody indexes and severe COVID-19 cases, and several hypotheses regarding the association of the antibody dynamics and severity of the disease in SARSCoV-2 infection have been raised, although many questions remain unanswered

Efeito da ingestão de cafeína sobre o limiar de esforço percebido (LEP)

Caffeine is an ergogenic substance used to enhance sports performance. With central and peripheral effects, it may influences the perception of fatigue during exhaustive efforts with central and peripheral effects. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of caffeine ingestion on the perceived exertion threshold (PET). After completing maximum work load (Wmax) test on cycling ergometer, eight men executed four constant load tests (80, 90, 100 and 110% of Wmax) under caffeine (CAF) or placebo (PLA) ingestion for PET determination. The “t” Student paired test was used to compare PET under the analyzed conditions. There were no significant differences between CAF and PLA conditions for PET. However, during 100 and 110% constant load tests, CAF conditions presented longer exhausting time (P < 0,01) and the tests between 80% and 100% presented lower increasing ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) (P < 0,01). According to the results, it is possible to conclude that PET was not modified with CAF supplementation, even with higher performance during the most intensive tests and attenuation of the increasing rate of RPE in 80% and 100% loads.A cafeína é substância ergogênica utilizada para aprimorar o rendimento esportivo. Com efeitos centrais e periféricos, pode interferir na percepção de fadiga durante esforços exaustivos. O presente estudo objetivou investigar o efeito da ingestão de cafeína sobre o limiar de esforço percebido (LEP). Após estabelecer a carga máxima de trabalho (Wmax) por teste incremental em cicloergômetro, oito homens realizaram quatro testes de carga constante (80, 90, 100 e 110% da Wmax) sob ingestão de cafeína (CAF) ou placebo (PLA) para determinação do LEP. Para contrastar os dados, utilizou-se o teste “t” de Student pareado. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os valores de LEP em nenhuma das condições, porém, na condição CAF os testes constantes de 100 e 110% apresentaram maior tempo de exaustão (P < 0,01), e os testes de 80 e 100% apresentaram menor taxa de aumento da percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE) (P < 0,01). De acordo com os resultados, é possível concluir que o LEP não foi modificado com a suplementação de CAF, mesmo com desempenho superior durante os testes mais intensos e atenuação da taxa de aumento da PSE nas cargas 80 e 100%