Překlad webových stránek Techmania Science Center o. p. s. z českého jazyka do ruského, vypracování překladatelského komentáře a česko-ruského slovníku.

Samotná práce začíná úvodem do teoretické části. Tato kapitola definuje požadavky na překladatele a jeho práci, popisuje hlavní metody, strategie a postupy překladu. Další část práce je věnována samotnému překladu webových stránek Techmania Science Center. Komentář obsahuje příklady z textu překladu. Závěrečná část obsahuje česko-ruský slovník.ObhájenoThe work itself begins with an introduction to the theoretical part. This chapter defines the requirements for the translator and his work, describes the main methods, strategies and procedures for translation. The next part of the work is the translation of the web pages of the Techmania Science Center. The translation commentary contains examples from the original text. The final part contains a Czech-Russian dictionary

The American Utopia

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Překlad webových stránek Techmania Science Center o. p. s. z českého jazyka do ruského, vypracování překladatelského komentáře a česko-ruského slovníku.

Samotná práce začíná úvodem do teoretické části. Tato kapitola definuje požadavky na překladatele a jeho práci, popisuje hlavní metody, strategie a postupy překladu. Další část práce je věnována samotnému překladu webových stránek Techmania Science Center. Komentář obsahuje příklady z textu překladu. Závěrečná část obsahuje česko-ruský slovník.ObhájenoThe work itself begins with an introduction to the theoretical part. This chapter defines the requirements for the translator and his work, describes the main methods, strategies and procedures for translation. The next part of the work is the translation of the web pages of the Techmania Science Center. The translation commentary contains examples from the original text. The final part contains a Czech-Russian dictionary

Feasibility of generalised diffusion kurtosis imaging approach for brain glioma grading

Purpose An accurate differentiation of brain glioma grade constitutes an important clinical issue. Powerful non-invasive approach based on diffusion MRI has already demonstrated its feasibility in glioma grade stratification. However, the conventional diffusion tensor (DTI) and kurtosis imaging (DKI) demonstrated moderate sensitivity and performance in glioma grading. In the present work, we apply generalised DKI (gDKI) approach in order to assess its diagnostic accuracy and potential application in glioma grading. Methods Diffusion scalar metrics were obtained from 50 patients with different glioma grades confirmed by histological tests following biopsy or surgery. All patients were divided into two groups with low- and high-grade gliomas as grade II versus grades III and IV, respectively. For a comparison, trained radiologists segmented the brain tissue into three regions with solid tumour, oedema, and normal appearing white matter. For each region, we estimated the conventional and gDKI metrics including DTI maps. Results We found high correlations between DKI and gDKI metrics in high-grade glioma. Further, gDKI metrics enabled introduction of a complementary measure for glioma differentiation based on correlations between the conventional and generalised approaches. Both conventional and generalised DKI metrics showed quantitative maps of tumour heterogeneity and oedema behaviour. gDKI approach demonstrated largely similar sensitivity and specificity in low-high glioma differentiation as in the case of conventional DKI method. Conclusion The generalised diffusion kurtosis imaging enables differentiation of low- and high-grade gliomas at the same level as the conventional DKI. Additionally, gDKI exhibited higher sensitivity to tumour heterogeneity and tissue contrast between tumour and healthy tissue and, thus, may contribute as a complementary source of information on tumour differentiation

Feasibility of generalised diffusion kurtosis imaging approach for brain glioma grading

Purpose An accurate differentiation of brain glioma grade constitutes an important clinical issue. Powerful non-invasive approach based on diffusion MRI has already demonstrated its feasibility in glioma grade stratification. However, the conventional diffusion tensor (DTI) and kurtosis imaging (DKI) demonstrated moderate sensitivity and performance in glioma grading. In the present work, we apply generalised DKI (gDKI) approach in order to assess its diagnostic accuracy and potential application in glioma grading. Methods Diffusion scalar metrics were obtained from 50 patients with different glioma grades confirmed by histological tests following biopsy or surgery. All patients were divided into two groups with low- and high-grade gliomas as grade II versus grades III and IV, respectively. For a comparison, trained radiologists segmented the brain tissue into three regions with solid tumour, oedema, and normal appearing white matter. For each region, we estimated the conventional and gDKI metrics including DTI maps. Results We found high correlations between DKI and gDKI metrics in high-grade glioma. Further, gDKI metrics enabled introduction of a complementary measure for glioma differentiation based on correlations between the conventional and generalised approaches. Both conventional and generalised DKI metrics showed quantitative maps of tumour heterogeneity and oedema behaviour. gDKI approach demonstrated largely similar sensitivity and specificity in low-high glioma differentiation as in the case of conventional DKI method. Conclusion The generalised diffusion kurtosis imaging enables differentiation of low- and high-grade gliomas at the same level as the conventional DKI. Additionally, gDKI exhibited higher sensitivity to tumour heterogeneity and tissue contrast between tumour and healthy tissue and, thus, may contribute as a complementary source of information on tumour differentiation

Prospects for deuterium MR spectroscopy for assessing amino acid metabolism in neuro-oncology

Recently, deuterium MR spectroscopy (DMRS), has gained attention in both clinical and preclinical settings for studying brain metabolism in healthy volunteers and patients with neuro-oncological conditions. DMRS can surpass the results of the gold standard metabolic imaging technique, positron emission tomography (PET) with amino acids tracers, which are considered to be tumor proliferation markers. In this article, we consider the potential utility of deuterated amino acids in assessing cellular metabolism akin to PET tracers. The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility a 3.0T clinical MR scanner to acquire deuterium spectra from phantoms containing a deuterated α-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) tracer and determine its minimal concentration that can be detected. We carried out DMRS on phantoms containing deuterated tracers using a single- channel 1H-2H RF-coil (Rapid Biomedical GmbH) on a 3.0T MR scanner (GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA). The phantom comprised a 1.5-liter plastic container filled with natural water, housing a cylinder-shaped vial containing deuterated AIB tracer (Solvex LLC, Moscow, Russia) positioned at the center of the container. Vials of volumes 20, 12, and 6 mL were tested, with tracer concentrations ranging from 0.38 to 20 mM. Deuterium 2D spectra with a voxel grid of 20x20 were obtained using a custom pulse sequence “fidall”. Scanning durations were 34:21 or 17:10 minutes. A localized 2H-MR spectrum was analyzed for the voxel with the highest signal amplitude. The spectra exhibited two distinct peaks of water and AIB. The lowest tracer concentration at which both peaks were distinguishable was 1.25 mM for all tested vials. Thus, DMRS can measure AIB concentrations as low as 1.25 mM in 6-mL test objects using a 3.0T scanner. This concentration corresponds to the level of amino acid accumulation observed in neuro-oncological tumors. It proves that AIB has potential as a tracer for DMRS in tumor diagnostics

Arterial Spin Labeling Perfusion in Determining the IDH1 Status and Ki-67 Index in Brain Gliomas

The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between tumor blood flow (TBF) measured by the pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (PCASL) method and IDH1 mutation status of gliomas as well as Ki-67 proliferative index. Methods. The study included 116 patients with newly diagnosed gliomas of various grades. They received no chemotherapy or radiotherapy before MRI. IDH1 status assessment was performed after tumor removal in 106 cases—48 patients were diagnosed with wildtype gliomas (Grade 1–2—6 patients, Grade 3–4—42 patients) and 58 patients were diagnosed with mutant forms of gliomas (Grade 1–2—28 patients, Grade 3–4—30 patients). In 64 cases out of 116 Ki-67 index was measured. Absolute and normalized tumor blood flow values were measured on 3D PCASL maps. Results. TBF and normalized TBF (nTBF) in wildtype gliomas were significantly higher than in IDH1-mutant gliomas (p < 0.001). ASL perfusion showed high values of sensitivity and specificity in the differential diagnosis of gliomas with distinct IDH1 status (for TBF: specificity 75%, sensitivity 77.6%, AUC 0.783, cutoff 80.57 mL/100 g/min, for nTBF: specificity 77.1%, sensitivity 79.3%, AUC 0.791, cutoff 4.7). TBF and nTBF in wildtype high-grade gliomas (HGG) were significantly higher than in mutant forms (p < 0.001). ASL perfusion showed the following values of sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of mutant HGG and wildtype HGG (for TBF: specificity 83.3%, sensitivity 60%, AUC 0.719, cutoff 84.18 mL/100 g/min, for nTBF: specificity 88.1%, sensitivity 60%, AUC 0.729, cutoff 4.7). There was a significant positive correlation between tumor blood flow and Ki-67 (for TBF Rs = 0.63, for nTBF Rs = 0.61). Conclusion. ASL perfusion may be an informative factor in determining the IDH1 status in brain gliomas preoperative and tumor proliferative activity