Increasing the Quality of Rice Straw from IR Rice for Beef Feed Through Organic Fertilization

This study aimed to determine the nutrient content and rumen fermentation product in-vitro of rice straw from rice of the IR variety fertilized using organic and inorganic fertilization. This research used experimental methods. This study examined two paddy fields located in Datar Village, Sumbang District, Banyumas. Land A used inorganic fertilizer (urea and phonska) and Land B used organic fertilizer from cattle dung. Both of those lands were planted with IR variety rice. Samples were 20 points on each land obtained by random sampling so that all parts of the field were represented. All samples were dried in the oven at 600C. Variables measured were nutrient contents such as crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF) and rumen fermentation product in-vitro of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia nitrogen (N-NH3 ). Statistical analysis used t-test. Result showed that CP and CF contents and rumen fermentation products of VFA of rice straw from organic fertilizer were higher (P<0.05) compared to inorganic fertilizer. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the rumen fermentation product of N-NH3 between organic and inorganic fertilizer. It can be concluded that rice straw quality from IR variety rice can be improved through organic fertilization. Keywords: organic, fertilizer, rumen, nutrient, rice stra

Utilization of Spent Rice Straw Compost to Substitute Napier Grass Fed to Cattle and Its Effect on Rumen Metabolism Products

. The aim of this research was to find the optimum level of substitution of fresh Napier Grass with Spent Rice Straw Compost (SRSC) on rumen metabolism products. Two male cattle breeds consisted of indigenous cattle (Ongole Crossbred = OC) with average body weight of 78.48±7.69 kg and Fries Holland Crossbred (FHC) with body weight of 83.93±17.67 kg were kept in individual cages of 1x1.2 m and they were given four kinds of Napier Grass subtituted with SRSC of 0, 25, 50 and 75 percent of forage dry matter. Therefore, factorial experiment of 2x4 was used in this research. The dry matter ratio of forage and concentrate was maintained at 50:50% with total dry matter intake 3% of body weight. Total Volatil Fatty Acid (VFA) production were influenced by the breed of cattle and the body weight, but there was no significant effect of breed on the N-NH3. Both average of VFA (122.92±3.22 mM/l) and N-NH3 (4.14±0.4 mM/l) were still in the optimum range for rumen micoorganisme activities. Regression analysis showed that the digestibility of crude fiber had same pattern with acetate (C2), propionate (C3), butirate (C4), and valerate (C5). It can be concluded that SRSC can be used to substite fresh Napier Grass up to 75 percent of forage dry matter in the diets of male cattle both OC and FHC

INVESTIGATION OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF ZEARALENONE AND ITS METABOLITES IN THE PIGS FED WITH FEED CONTAMINATED BY ZEARALENONE

Male pigs with an initial body weight of 60 kg were fed with fodder containing 15 ppm zearalenone. After two weeks the zearalenone resp. zearalenol content was measured by capillary gaschromatography. It was found that the zearalenone resp. zearalenol content of different muscle tissues is lower than 10 μg/kg. Zearalenone was detected in faeces, urine, liver and kidneys in a quantity of 3700, 450, 70 and 30 μg/kg resp. Zearalenol was also detected in faeces, urine, liver and kidney, the amount of alfa-zearalenol was always higher than that of beta-stereoisomer

Microbial Protein Production and Nitrogen Balance of Local Steer Fed Ammoniated Rice Straws Added

The objective of the experiment was to investigate the kind of energy source feedstuffs on nutrient balance and microbial protein synthesis in local male beef cattle fed with ammoniated rice straws Twenty steers Peranakan Ongole (PO) with average age 1-2 years old were used. They were divided 5 groups based on initial body weight as block. Therefore, Completely Randomised Block Design (CBRD) was used for this experiment. Data were analysed by analysis variance and continued honestly significant different (HSD) to test the differences between means. The result showed that the range MCP and eficiency MCP were 154,61 g/d until 226,54 g/d and 54,08 gMCP/kg DOMR until 62,64 gMCP/kg DOMR. The range of nitrogen balance were 72,28 gram until 111,67 gram. MCP and efficiency MCP were not affected (P>0,05) by the treatments but balance of nitrogen was affected (P<0,05). Diet containing fresh cassava waste as energy source (R2) was lower (P<0,05) than R1 and R4 while between R1,R3 and R4 was similar. This results indicate that feed source of energy (rice brand, wet cassava waste, dry cassava waste and corn) can be used in steers with rice straw ensilage as forage. (Animal Production 11(2): 116-121 (2009

Feed Consumption and Growth Dynamics of Sheep Fed Agro-industrial Waste with Hibiscus rosasinencis Flower and Urea Supplementation

Optimizing the use of agro-industrial waste as an alternative feed ingredient for sheep requires the right strategy. The use of feed additives and supplements is needed to improve the performance of sheep in utilizing agro-industrial waste-based feed. The use of hibiscus flour as a source of saponins is important to optimize rumen microbial growth by suppressing the growth of protozoa. The addition of urea is used to supply nitrogen sources to optimize the performance of rumen microbes. This study used 15 thin tail sheep aged 8 months with an average weight of 13.98 ± 1.1 kg, the experimental design used was CRD (Completely Randomized Design) with 3 types of treatment and 5 times repetition, namely R1 (control / without supplementation), R2 (supplementation of 0.1 % hibiscus flower and Urea 0.5%), R3 (supplementation of 0.2% hibiscus flower and 1% Urea). The objective of this research was to measure feed consumption and growth dynamics. The results showed that the addition of hibiscus flour and urea to the feed formula had no significant effect on the feed consumption of sheep. The growth dynamics of sheep showed a decrease in the first week of the trial, and gradually showed an increase in the second week. The highest growth increase was achieved in R3 treatment at 6 weeks of the feeding trial. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that sheep fed with 0.2% hibiscus flour supplementation and 1% Urea (R3) showed the best ability in utilizing agro-industrial waste-based feed. Keywords: Feed consumption, Growth Dynamic, Sheep, Agroindustrial waste, Supplementatio

Microbial Protein Production and Nitrogen Balance of Local Steer Fed Ammoniated Rice Straws Added

The objective of the experiment was to investigate the kind of energy source feedstuffs on nutrient balance and microbial protein synthesis in local male beef cattle fed with ammoniated rice straws  Twenty steers Peranakan Ongole (PO) with average age 1-2 years old were used.  They were divided 5 groups based on initial body weight as block.  Therefore, Completely Randomised Block Design (CBRD) was used for this experiment.  Data were analysed by analysis variance and continued honestly significant different (HSD) to test the differences between means. The result showed that the range MCP and eficiency MCP were 154,61 g/d until 226,54 g/d and 54,08 gMCP/kg DOMR until 62,64 gMCP/kg DOMR. The range of nitrogen balance were 72,28 gram until 111,67 gram.   MCP and efficiency MCP were not affected (P>0,05) by the treatments but balance of nitrogen was affected (P<0,05).  Diet containing fresh cassava waste as energy source (R2) was lower (P<0,05) than R1 and R4 while between R1,R3 and R4 was similar.  This results indicate that feed source of energy (rice brand, wet cassava waste, dry cassava waste and corn) can be used in steers with rice straw ensilage as forage. (Animal Production 11(2): 116-121 (2009) Key Words : Microbial protein production,  nitrogen balance, rice straw, ensilag

Comparing the cost of non-metastatic breast cancer care in a low-income vs a high-income country: A plea for an optimal allocation of health resources in Sub-Saharan Africa

Breast cancer incidence is rising in low-income countries, but there is limited information regarding health resource allocation for its care. We assessed the cost of care during the first three years after diagnosis in a low-income country (Mozambique; n = 162 women) and compared it with a high-income country (Portugal, n = 703 women). Local currency prices were converted to 2019 international dollars (Int$). In Mozambique, the median cost was lower than in Portugal (2888 vs 18,533 Int$, respectively) and did not vary across stage or tumor subtype. These findings may help improving resource allocation for breast cancer care in Sub-Saharan Africa, despite reflecting an underfunding of treatment in this setting.The Moza-BC cohort (Mozambique) was funded by the Beginning Investigator Grant for Catalytic Research (BIG Cat) program, an African Organisation for Research and Training in Cancer (AORTIC) program with support from the U.S. National Cancer Institute (grant 59-210-6-004). The NEON-BC cohort (Portugal) was funded by FEDER and by FCT (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016867; ref. PTDC/DTP-EPI/7183/2014; info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB/04750/2020/PT); by the Chair on Pain Medicine of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto and the Grünenthal Foundation, Portugal. SM was also funded by FEDER and FCT (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032358; ref. PTDC/SAU-EPI/32358/2017). The funding sources had no involvement in the analysis, interpretation of data, writing of the report, or decision to submit this manuscript for publication