Alarcon‐Zuniga, B.

Bata‐Valverde, A.

Betanzos‐Betanzos, A.

Crosby‐Galvan, M.

Meneses‐Mayo, M.

English

University of Kentucky

University of Kentucky UKnowledge International Grassland Congress Proceedings XXI International Grassland Congress / VIII International Rangeland Congress Heterosis and Combining Ability of Morphological and Forage Quality Predictors of Silage Corn Incentral Valley of Mexico B. Alarcon‐Zuniga Universidad Autonoma Chapingo, Mexico A. Bata‐Valverde Universidad Autonoma Chapingo, Mexico A. Betanzos‐Betanzos Universidad Autonoma Chapingo, Mexico M. Meneses‐Mayo Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillos, Mexico M. Crosby‐Galvan Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillos, Mexico Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc  Part of the Plant Sciences Commons, and the Soil Science Commons This document is available at https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc/21/15-1/42 The XXI International Grassland Congress / VIII International Rangeland Congress took place in Hohhot, China from June 29 through July 5, 2008. Proceedings edited by Organizing Committee of 2008 IGC/IRC Conference Published by Guangdong People's Publishing House This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Plant and Soil Sciences at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Grassland Congress Proceedings by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact UKnowledge@lsv.uky.edu. 　 Multifunctional Grasslands in a Changing World 　 Volume Ⅱ 　 瞯 689　 瞯Grasslands/Rangelands Production Systems ——— Forage Quality ,Conservation and UtilizationHeterosis and combining ability of morphological and forage quality predictors of silage corn incentral valley of MexicoB . Alarcon‐Zuniga1 , A . Bata‐Valverde1 , A . Betanzos‐Betanzos1 , M . Meneses‐Mayo2 , M . Crosby‐Galvan21 Animal Science Department . Universidad Autonoma Chapingo . km . 38 .5 Carr . Mexico‐Texcoco , Chapingo , Mexico56230 . E‐mail : b ＿ alarcon ＿ zuniga ＠ yahoo .com .mx 2 Animal Sci . Program . Colegio de Postgraduados . Montecillos ,Mexico .Key words : silage corn ,heterosis ,GCA ,SCA ,heritability ,variance correlation ,Mexican racesIntroduction The livestock feeding in the Highland Valleys of Central Mexico is based on harvest , grazing and annual forageconservation , being forage maize the most important silage crop ( Cervantes et al . , １９７８ ) . Even though forage maize isextensively bred in Europe , USA and Asia since １９００摧s , this started in Mexico in the １９６０摧s , and little is known about thegenetic characterization in both agronomic and nutritive value traits . Our breeding program goals are to adapt temperate andtropical germplasm to Central Mexico , analyze combining ability of biomass and quality predictors and to study the geneticrelationship of inbred lines between lowland tropical and temperate races using both genetic and molecular approaches .Materials and Method Eight inbred populations ( IPs) originated by single crosses from the tropical races : Chapalote , Celaya ,Tuxpeno , Comiteco , Oloton , Zapalote Grande , Reventador , Vandeno , and tropical composites . The single crossbred MexicanIPs were recombined up to F１３ , and self pollinated up to S７ （Cervantes et al . , １９７８ ) . In ２００５ , the IPs were hand crossed in apartial diallel design and field established in ２００６ in a RCB with four replications . Agronomic and quality traits were evaluatedwhen the kernel ２ /３ milklined . ２７ SSR markers covering the entire genome were used to estimate genetic similarities amongIPs , and to compute a discriminatory analysis . The genetic components of variance , genotypic correlations and heritability wereestimated by MANOVA and SE computed by the delta method ( Lynch and Walsh , １９９８ ) .　 Figure 1 UPGMA摧s dendogram o f eight IPs based on 27SSRs , with 117 alleles clustered into f our groups .Results The SSR markers amplified １１７ alleles ranging from２ to ７ alleles per locus ( PIC ＝ ０ .７４ ± ０ .０４ ) . Based on themarker polymorphic information , the eight IPs wereclustered into four groups arranged by Mexican race : a )tropical composite ; b) tuxpeno and chapalote ; c) comiteco ;d) chapalote , reventador and zapalote grande ; and e) oloton( Figure １ ) .High parent heterosis across environments was １２０ ％ ,１４５ ％ , １２３ ％ and １１２ ％ for stem , ear biomass , plantheight , and grain yield , respectively , and no significantheterosis was identified for total biomass , ear number , andforage quality predictors ( crude protein , in vitro DMdigestibility , NDF , ADF , and soluble carbohydrates ) . IPTuxpenoxOloton ( ３２６ ) showed the highest GCA for plantheight and silage biomass , considered as a good tester forCentral Valley in both local and adapted populations . SCAwas higher for the Comiteco and TuxpenoxOloton cross in allsilage biomass traits , and no heterosis was identified forforage quality . Genetic distances based on SSR primersclassified the IPs into four main clusters , and were positivelycorrelated with high‐parent heterosis and combining ability in grain yield and ear number , but no correlation was found withsilage biomass components and forage quality estimators .Conclusions Selection of tropical races based on the proposed breeding scheme accomplished the adaptation of tropical IPs toCentral Valley of Mexico at ２３５０ masl , which was expressed on plant health and grain yield . Biracial crosses of tropical andtemperate Mexican races improved plant height , stem and total biomass , but no heterosis was found for other traits . A highcorrelation with SSR markers clustering IPs and genotypic data was identified , indicating markers can be useful in helping todefine heterotic groups .ReferencesCervantes S . T . , M . M . Goodman , E . D . Casas and J . O . Rawlings . １９７８ . Use of genetic effects and genotype byenvironmental interactions for the classification of Mexican races of Maize . Genetics . ９０ :３３９‐３４８ .Lynch M . and B . Walsh . １９９８ . Genetics and analysis of quantitative traits . Sinauer Assoc . Pub . USA .

Heterosis and Combining Ability of Morphological and Forage Quality Predictors of Silage Corn Incentral Valley of Mexico

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Heterosis and Combining Ability of Morphological and Forage Quality Predictors of Silage Corn Incentral Valley of Mexico

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