A Robinson characterization of finite PσTP\sigma T-groups

Let $\sigma =\{\sigma_{i} | i\in I\}$ be some partition of the set of all primes $\Bbb{P}$ and let $G$ be a finite group. Then $G$ is said to be $\sigma$-full if $G$ has a Hall $\sigma _{i}$-subgroup for all $i$. A subgroup $A$ of $G$ is said to be $\sigma$-permutable in $G$ provided $G$ is $\sigma$-full and $A$ permutes with all Hall $\sigma _{i}$-subgroups $H$ of $G$ (that is, $AH=HA$) for all $i$. We obtain a characterization of finite groups $G$ in which $\sigma$-permutability is a transitive relation in $G$, that is, if $K$ is a ${\sigma}$-permutable subgroup of $H$ and $H$ is a ${\sigma}$-permutable subgroup of $G$, then $K$ is a ${\sigma}$-permutable subgroup of $G$.Comment: 15 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1704.0250

Patient-centered approach to the management of drug-resistant tuberculosis in France: How far off the mark are we?

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is a major public health concern worldwide. The prolonged isolation required is a source of challenges for both healthcare workers and patients, especially in high-income countries where DR-TB patients are frequently migrants with vulnerabilities. However, data on the needs of these vulnerable patients are scarce. Our objective was to identify and quantify conflict or inappropriate care situations experienced by both DR-TB patients and healthcare workers. This 10-year retrospective observational study (01/2008 to 10/2018) was conducted in a referral center for resistant tuberculosis management in Paris, France. Sixty-five DR-TB patients were hospitalized during the study period. Their demographic, clinical and social characteristics and any conflict or inappropriate care situations they experienced with healthcare workers while hospitalized were analyzed. Conflict or inappropriate care situations with healthcare workers were reported for 24 patients during their stay (36.9%). Eleven patients (16.9%) had difficulty adhering to respiratory isolation rules, 15 (23.1%) were discharged against medical advice, 9 (13.8%) were excluded from hospital for disciplinary reasons, verbal or physical violence was reported for 7 patients (10.8%), and 4 arrests (6.2%) were made by the police. Conflict situations were reported more often when there was a language barrier (70.8%, p<0.0001). More than one-third of patients with DR-TB in this referral center experienced at least one inappropriate care situation with healthcare workers. This study illustrates the urgent need to promote a patient-centered approach and to respond to the challenges of its practical implementation

Commun Med (Lond)

BACKGROUND: Migrants, people experiencing homelessness (PEH), or precariously housed (PH) are at high risk for COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and death from COVID-19. However, while data on COVID-19 vaccine uptake in these populations are available in the USA, Canada, and Denmark, we are lacking, to the best of our knowledge, data from France. METHODS: In late 2021, we carried out a cross-sectional survey to determine COVID-19 vaccine coverage in PEH/PH residing in Ile-de-France and Marseille, France, and to explore its drivers. Participants aged over 18 years were interviewed face-to-face where they slept the previous night, in their preferred language, and then stratified for analysis into three housing groups (Streets, Accommodated, and Precariously Housed). Standardized vaccination rates were computed and compared to the French population. Multilevel univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were built. RESULTS: We find that 76.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 74.3-78.1) of the 3690 participants received at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose while 91.1% of the French population did so. Vaccine uptake varies by stratum, with the highest uptake (85.6%; reference) in PH, followed by Accommodated (75.4%; adjusted odds-ratio = 0.79; 95% CI 0.51-1.09 vs. PH) and lowest in Streets (42.0%; AOR = 0.38; 95%CI 0.25-0.57 vs. PH). Use for vaccine certificate, age, socioeconomic factors, and vaccine hesitancy is associated with vaccination coverage. CONCLUSIONS: In France, PEH/PH, and especially the most excluded, are less likely than the general population to receive COVID-19 vaccines. While vaccine mandate has proved an effective strategy, targeted outreach, on-site vaccinations, and sensitization activities are strategies enhancing vaccine uptake that can easily be replicated in future campaigns and other settings. Vulnerable populations, such as people experiencing homelessness, are less likely to have a COVID-19 vaccine. We aimed to identify potential reasons for this, by interviewing homeless/precariously housed people in France. We found that although most homeless people have been vaccinated, vaccination rates are lower than the general population. Among the homeless, the least likely to be vaccinated are those living on the streets. The need for vaccine certificates and the support of social workers are positive drivers of vaccine uptake, while influence from family/friends, vaccine hesitancy and fear of the vaccine negatively affect uptake. Providing vaccines on-site and tailoring programs to better target these vulnerable groups should be priorities. Raising awareness by involving trusted third parties is also key to countering negative vaccine beliefs. Our insights apply beyond the COVID-19 crisis, when routinely supporting the health of vulnerable populations. en

Seasonal influenza vaccination coverage and its determinants among nursing homes personnel in western France

Abstract Background Influenza-associated deaths is an important risk for the elderly in nursing homes (NHs) worldwide. Vaccination coverage among residents is high but poorly effective due to immunosenescence. Hence, vaccination of personnel is an efficient way to protect residents. Our objective was to quantify the seasonal influenza vaccination (IV) coverage among NH for elderly workers and identify its determinants in France. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in March 2016 in a randomized sample of NHs of the Ille-et-Vilaine department of Brittany, in western France. A standardized questionnaire was administered to a randomized sample of NH workers for face-to-face interviews. General data about the establishment was also collected. Results Among the 33 NHs surveyed, IV coverage for the 2015–2016 season among permanent workers was estimated at 20% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 15.3%–26.4%) ranging from 0% to 69% depending on the establishments surveyed. Moreover, IV was associated with having previously experienced a “severe” influenza episode in the past (Prevalence Ratio 1.48, 95% CI 1.01–2.17), and varied by professional categories (p < 0.004) with better coverage among administrative staff. Better knowledge about influenza prevention tools was also correlated (p < 0.001) with a higher IV coverage. Individual perceptions of vaccination benefits had a significant influence on the IV coverage (p < 0.001). Although IV coverage did not reach a high rate, our study showed that personnel considered themselves sufficiently informed about IV. Conclusions IV coverage remains low in the NH worker population in Ille-et-Vilaine and also possibly in France. Strong variations of IV coverage among NHs suggest that management and working environment play an important role. To overcome vaccine “hesitancy”, specific communication tools may be required to be adapted to the various NH professionals to improve influenza prevention

Seasonal influenza vaccination coverage and its determinants among nursing homes personnel in western France

International audienceBackground: Influenza-associated deaths is an important risk for the elderly in nursing homes (NHs) worldwide. Vaccination coverage among residents is high but poorly effective due to immunosenescence. Hence, vaccination of personnel is an efficient way to protect residents. Our objective was to quantify the seasonal influenza vaccination (IV) coverage among NH for elderly workers and identify its determinants in France.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in March 2016 in a randomized sample of NHs of the Ille-et-Vilaine department of Brittany, in western France. A standardized questionnaire was administered to a randomized sample of NH workers for face-to-face interviews. General data about the establishment was also collected.Results: Among the 33 NHs surveyed, IV coverage for the 2015–2016 season among permanent workers was estimated at 20% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 15.3%–26.4%) ranging from 0% to 69% depending on the establishments surveyed. Moreover, IV was associated with having previously experienced a “severe” influenza episode in the past (Prevalence Ratio 1.48, 95% CI 1.01–2.17), and varied by professional categories (p < 0.004) with better coverage among administrative staff. Better knowledge about influenza prevention tools was also correlated (p < 0.001) with a higher IV coverage. Individual perceptions of vaccination benefits had a significant influence on the IV coverage (p < 0.001). Although IV coverage did not reach a high rate, our study showed that personnel considered themselves sufficiently informed about IV.Conclusions: IV coverage remains low in the NH worker population in Ille-et-Vilaine and also possibly in France. Strong variations of IV coverage among NHs suggest that management and working environment play an important role. To overcome vaccine “hesitancy”, specific communication tools may be required to be adapted to the various NH professionals to improve influenza prevention

Histological Features Associated With Human Mpox Virus Infection in 2022 Outbreak in a Nonendemic Country

International audienceSkin histology of papules and pustules from 5 men having sex with men with mpox infection showed viral intracytoplasmic cytopathic changes, interface dermatitis, marked inflammatory dermic infiltrate including superficial neutrophils and perivascular and periadnexal deep lymphocytes. Histologic description of mpox lesions improves our understanding about clinical presentations and may have some therapeutic implications

High seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among people living in precarious situations in Ile de France

Preprint soumis sur MedRxiv le 9 octobre 2020Background A nationwide lockdown was implemented in France on 17 March 2020 to control the COVID-19 pandemic. People living in precarious conditions were relocated by the authorities to emergency shelters, hotels and large venues. Médecins sans Frontières (MSF) then intervened to provide medical care in several of these locations in Paris and in Seine-Saint-Denis, one of its suburbs, between March and June 2020. A seroprevalence survey was conducted to assess the level of exposure to COVID-19 among the population living in the sites. To our knowledge, this is the first assessment of the impact of the pandemic on populations living in insecure conditions in Europe.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional seroprevalence study in the food distribution sites, emergency shelters and workers residences supported by MSF in Paris and Seine-Saint-Denis, to determine the extent of COVID-19 exposure as determined by SARS-CoV2 antibody seropositivity. The detection of SARS-COV2 antibodies in serum was performed at the Institut Pasteur of Paris using two LuLISA (Luciferase-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) assays and a Pseudo Neutralization Test. A questionnaire covering sociodemographic characteristics, living conditions, adherence to sanitary recommendations and symptom manifestations was also completed. We describe here the seroprevalence site by site and identify the risk factors for seropositivity using a multivariable logistic regression model with site random effects. We also investigated associations between seropositivity and symptoms eventually reported.Findings Overall, 426/818 individuals tested positive in the 14 sites investigated. Seroprevalence varied significantly with the type of site (chi2 p<0.001). It was highest at 88.7% (95%CI 81.8-93.2) among individuals living in workers’ residences, followed by 50.5% (95%CI 46.3-54.7) in emergency shelters and 27.8 % (95%CI 20.8-35.7) among individuals recruited from the food distribution sites. Seroprevalence also varied significantly between sites of the same type. Among other risk factors, the odds for seropositivity were higher among individuals living in crowded sites (medium: adj. OR 2.7, 95%CI 1.5-5.1, p=0.001; high: adj. OR 3.4, 95%CI 1.7-6.9, p<0.001) compared with individuals from low crowding sites and among those who reported transit accommodation in a gymnasium before the lockdown (adj. OR 3.1, 95%CI 1.2-8.1, p=0.023). More than two-thirds of the seropositive individuals (68.3%; 95%CI 64.2-72.2) did not report any symptoms during the recall period.Interpretation The results demonstrate rather high exposure to SARS-COV-2 with important variations between study sites. Living in crowded conditions was identified as the most important explanatory factor for differences in levels of exposure. This study describes the key factors which determine the risk of exposure and illustrates the importance of identifying populations at high risk of exposure in order to orient and adapt prevention and control strategies to their specific needs

Demand creation for HIV testing services: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BackgroundHIV testing services (HTS) are the first steps in reaching the UNAIDS 95-95-95 goals to achieve and maintain low HIV incidence. Evaluating the effectiveness of different demand creation interventions to increase uptake of efficient and effective HTS is useful to prioritize limited programmatic resources. This review was undertaken to inform World Health Organization (WHO) 2019 HIV testing guidelines and assessed the research question, "Which demand creation strategies are effective for enhancing uptake of HTS?" focused on populations globally.Methods and findingsThe following electronic databases were searched through September 28, 2021: PubMed, PsycInfo, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL Complete, Web of Science Core Collection, EMBASE, and Global Health Database; we searched IAS and AIDS conferences. We systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared any demand creation intervention (incentives, mobilization, counseling, tailoring, and digital interventions) to either a control or other demand creation intervention and reported HTS uptake. We pooled trials to evaluate categories of demand creation interventions using random-effects models for meta-analysis and assessed study quality with Cochrane's risk of bias 1 tool. This study was funded by the WHO and registered in Prospero with ID CRD42022296947. We screened 10,583 records and 507 conference abstracts, reviewed 952 full texts, and included 124 RCTs for data extraction. The majority of studies were from the African (N = 53) and Americas (N = 54) regions. We found that mobilization (relative risk [RR]: 2.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.30, 3.09], p ConclusionsMobilization, couple- and motivation-oriented counseling, peer-led interventions, conditional fixed value incentives, and SMS are high-impact demand creation interventions and should be prioritized for programmatic consideration. Reduced duration counseling and video-based interventions are an efficient and effective alternative to address staffing shortages. Investment in demand creation activities should prioritize those with undiagnosed HIV or ongoing HIV exposure. Selection of demand creation interventions must consider risks and benefits, context-specific factors, feasibility and sustainability, country ownership, and universal health coverage across disease areas

PRISMA flowchart.

BackgroundHIV testing services (HTS) are the first steps in reaching the UNAIDS 95-95-95 goals to achieve and maintain low HIV incidence. Evaluating the effectiveness of different demand creation interventions to increase uptake of efficient and effective HTS is useful to prioritize limited programmatic resources. This review was undertaken to inform World Health Organization (WHO) 2019 HIV testing guidelines and assessed the research question, “Which demand creation strategies are effective for enhancing uptake of HTS?” focused on populations globally.Methods and findingsThe following electronic databases were searched through September 28, 2021: PubMed, PsycInfo, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL Complete, Web of Science Core Collection, EMBASE, and Global Health Database; we searched IAS and AIDS conferences. We systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared any demand creation intervention (incentives, mobilization, counseling, tailoring, and digital interventions) to either a control or other demand creation intervention and reported HTS uptake. We pooled trials to evaluate categories of demand creation interventions using random-effects models for meta-analysis and assessed study quality with Cochrane’s risk of bias 1 tool. This study was funded by the WHO and registered in Prospero with ID CRD42022296947.We screened 10,583 records and 507 conference abstracts, reviewed 952 full texts, and included 124 RCTs for data extraction. The majority of studies were from the African (N = 53) and Americas (N = 54) regions. We found that mobilization (relative risk [RR]: 2.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.30, 3.09], p p N = 4 RCTs), couple-oriented counseling (RR: 1.98, 95% CI [1.02, 3.86], p p N = 4 RCTs), peer-led interventions (RR: 1.57, 95% CI [1.15, 2.15], p p N = 10 RCTs), motivation-oriented counseling (RR: 1.53, 95% CI [1.07, 2.20], p p N = 4 RCTs), short message service (SMS) (RR: 1.53, 95% CI [1.09, 2.16], p p N = 5 RCTs), and conditional fixed value incentives (RR: 1.52, 95% CI [1.21, 1.91], p p N = 11 RCTs) all significantly and importantly (≥50% relative increase) increased HTS uptake and had medium risk of bias.Lottery-based incentives and audio-based interventions less importantly (25% to 49% increase) but not significantly increased HTS uptake (medium risk of bias). Personal invitation letters and personalized message content significantly but not importantly (ConclusionsMobilization, couple- and motivation-oriented counseling, peer-led interventions, conditional fixed value incentives, and SMS are high-impact demand creation interventions and should be prioritized for programmatic consideration. Reduced duration counseling and video-based interventions are an efficient and effective alternative to address staffing shortages. Investment in demand creation activities should prioritize those with undiagnosed HIV or ongoing HIV exposure. Selection of demand creation interventions must consider risks and benefits, context-specific factors, feasibility and sustainability, country ownership, and universal health coverage across disease areas.</div