BAYESIAN ANALYSIS OF THE COMPOUND COLLECTIVE MODEL: THE NET PREMIUM PRINCIPLE WITH EXPONENTIAL POISSON AND GAMMA–GAMMA DISTRIBUTIONS

This article develops a Bayesian analysis of the Compound Collective Model utilizing the Net Premium Principle, considering single-period models. With respect to likelihoods, we used a Poisson distribution for the number of claims and an Exponential distribution for the severity of the accident/event. Gamma distributions were used for the prior distributions. The robustness of the posterior premium was analyzed with respect to the prior distribution specification of the severity of the accident/event, utilizing contamination classes, these being the class of all the distributions and that of all the unimodal distributions with the same mode. Numerical applications of the results obtained were performed.Compound collective model; Bayesian analysis; Robustness analysis.

Nota sobre la presencia de minerales arcillosos de transformación en facies evaporíticas del Bundsandstein superior de Sierra Calderona (Ibérica suroriental, Valencia)

En lutitas de la facies Rot, en la Cordillera Ibérica, zona sudoriental, se ha determinado la presencia de interestratificados (14c,-14m,), que denotan el carácter evaporítico de estas facies

Comparing the impacts of drip irrigation by freshwater and reclaimed wastewater on the soil microbial community of two citrus species

[SPA] La búsqueda de nuevos recursos para el riego es un requerimiento en los agro ecosistemas mediterráneos. Se evaluó el impacto del riego con aguas de distintos suministros sobre la comunidad microbiana del suelo y sobre la fisiología de la planta en cultivos de pomelo y mandarino en el Sureste de España. Se consideraron los siguientes tratamientos: i) Agua procedente del Trasvase Tajo-Segura y de pozo (TW) ii) Agua regenerada procedente de una EDAR de la zona (RW) iii) Riego con TW, excepto en la segunda fase de desarrollo del fruto en la que se regó con RWc iv) Riego con RW, excepto en la segunda fase de desarrollo del fruto en la que se regó con TWc. [ENG] The search for new water resources for irrigation is a mandatory requirement in Mediterranean agroecosystems. The impacts of irrigation with water from different origins were evaluated in the soil microbial community and plant physiology of grapefruit and mandarin trees in the south-east of Spain. The following treatments were considered: i) freshwater from the Tajo-Segura water transfer canal and well (TW) ii) reclaimed water from a wastewater treatment plant ( RW) iii) irrigation with TW, except in the second stage of fruit development when RWc was applied iv) irrigation with RW, except in the second stage of fruit development when TWc was applied. Enzyme activities and phospholipids fatty acids were determined to know the phylum of microbial biomass.Authors are grateful to MINECO projects and Seneca foundation

Macroscopic evidence of microscopic dynamics in the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam oscillator chain from nonlinear time series analysis

The problem of detecting specific features of microscopic dynamics in the macroscopic behavior of a many-degrees-of-freedom system is investigated by analyzing the position and momentum time series of a heavy impurity embedded in a chain of nearest-neighbor anharmonic Fermi-Pasta-Ulam oscillators. Results obtained in a previous work [M. Romero-Bastida, Phys. Rev. E {\bf69}, 056204 (2004)] suggest that the impurity does not contribute significantly to the dynamics of the chain and can be considered as a probe for the dynamics of the system to which the impurity is coupled. The ($r,\tau$) entropy, which measures the amount of information generated by unit time at different scales $\tau$ of time and $r$ of the observable, is numerically computed by methods of nonlinear time-series analysis using the position and momentum signals of the heavy impurity for various values of the energy density $\epsilon$ (energy per degree of freedom) of the system and some values of the impurity mass $M$. Results obtained from these two time series are compared and discussed.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, RevTeX4 PRE format; to be published in Phys. Rev.

Development and significance of tectonic foliations in the Hercynian Belt of NW Spain

[Resumen] En este trabajo se presenta un modelo de distribución y desarrollo de foliaciones en rocas pelíticas y samíticas dentro de un orógeno: el Macizo Herciniano del NW d e España. Estas rocas estuvieron sometidas a una deformación polifásica, con tres fases principales, en condiciones que van desde la transición diagénesis-metamorfismo hasta un metamorfismo de alto grado. Las características de las foliaciones asociadas a las distintas fases de deformaci6n varían progresivamente a medida que lo hace el metamorfismo, existiendo, no obstante, algunos saltos bruscos en dichas características, cuya situaci6n coincide con los límites entre algunas de las grandes zonas en que se divide el orógeno. En todo caso, la foliación tect6nica primaria(Sl) muestra un carácter generalizado, mientras que las otras dos (S2 y S3) presentan una distribución más irregular, apareciendo la S2 en relación con las zonas de cizalla asociadas a grandes cabalgamientos y la S3 controlada por la posición de la anisotropía previa dominante. En la formaci6n de estas foliaciones intervino, en general, de manera muy importante la disolución por presión en las áreas menos metamórficas y la recristalización orientada de filosilicatos en las más metamórficas. El análisis de las relaciones cronológicas entre cristalización metamórfica y desarrollo de foliaciones pone de manifiesto una cierta heterogeneidad espacial en el momento de aparición de los episodios metamórficos en relación con los de deformación. Esta heterogeneidad puede explicarse por las alteraciones en las condiciones P, T que produce el emplazamiento de las grandes unidades tectónicas.[Abstract] A model concerning distribution and development of foliations is presented in this paper, for pelitic and psammitic rocks in the Hercynian Belt ofNW Spain. This rocks have undergone three main deformation phases, in conditions ranging from the iagenesis-metamorphism transition to the high grade metamorphism. The features of the foliations associated to the different phases varie progressively with the metamorphism. Nevertheless, sorne abrupt changes in this features can also be found in sorne of the borders between the main tectonic units. Anyhow, the primary tectonic foliation (Si) is generalized, and the other two (S2 and S3) have a more irregular distribution, related to shear zones associated to main thrusts (S2), or to zones with a favourable possition of the main previous anisotropy (for S3)' The deformation mechanisms opperating in the development of this foliations were, mainly, pressure solution in the zones with low metamorphism, and recrystalization of orientated phyllosillicates in those with the higher metamorphism. The analysis of the chronologic relationships between metamorphic crystalization and development of the foliations in different tectonic units shows sorne differences in the age of the metamorphic episodes in relation with the deformation. These inhomogeneities can be explained by the changes in P, T conditions produced by the emplacement of the main tectonic units

Application of Experimental Design and Canonical Analysis of Response Surfaces to the Optimization of Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) Production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 42A2

The aim of this work was to optimize the culture medium for biomass and PHA production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 42A2, using a five-level-three-factor central composite rotatable design (CCRD) combined with response surface methodology (RSM). A total of 23 sets of experiments was developed to obtain the second-order polynomial equations that were used to predict biomass and PHA production in terms of three independent variables: carbon source, nitrate and phosphate concentrations. Canonical analysis of the response surface models showed that the optimum medium composition differed for the production of biomass and PHA. When the models were validated experimentally by culturing Pseudomonas aeruginosa 42A2 in the optimal media, similar values to the predicted ones were obtained for the biomass (18.73 g L–1) and PHA (4.52 g L–1) concentrations. Moreover, central composite rotatable design and canonical analysis of the response surfaces proved to be useful tools for determining the optimum composition of the culture medium

Struggles and pacification in the history of american kinesiology

En este artículo estudiamos la disputa epistemológica y pedagógica sobre la kinesiología/educación física que ha tenido lugar en las universidades de Estados Unidos desde 1990 hasta la actualidad. Hemos recogido el pensamiento de una muestra amplia de autores involucrados, con el propósito de obtener una visión de conjunto de un proceso que, de acuerdo con Morrow (2006), trata de esclarecer ¿de dónde venimos?, ¿qué somos?, ¿a dónde vamos? Tras el cotejo y análisis de la documentación más relevante concluimos que el periodo 1990-2013, caracterizado por una enconada pugna de paradigmas –en la que han estado implicados humanistas, positivistas, crosdisciplinaristas y subdisciplinaristas–, ha dado como resultado el dominio del paradigma integrador de Kretchmar (2007, 2008)In this article we review the epistemological and pedagogical debate on Kinesiology and Physical Education that has been going on in the universities of the US from 1990 to the present. We have compiled the opinions of a wide sample of authors, with the intention of getting the most complete picture of a process that, according to Morrow (2006), seeks to answer the questions "where we come from, who we are, and where we are going". After comparing and analysing the most relevant documents, we conclude that the period 1990-2013, characterized by a bitter struggle between paradigms fought by humanists, positivists, cross-disciplinarists, and sub-disciplinarists, has revealed the eventual predominance of the integrative paradigm of Kretchmar (2007, 2008

Los costes socioeconómicos de la diabetes mellitus

ObjetivoEvaluar el impacto económico en términos de costes directos (costes de la asistencia sanitaria) y costes indirectos (efectos sobre la producción provocados por la mortalidad y morbilidad) de la diabetes mellitus (DM) en Canarias durante el año 1998.DiseñoEl enfoque que se ha utilizado es el método del coste de la enfermedad, considerando a las personas únicamente en una esfera productiva (capital humano). Los costes directos e indirectos se han estimado utilizando los costes de la prevalencia, es decir, los costes que se producen durante el año 1998.EmplazamientoLos costes directos se han desglosado en asistencia hospitalaria, atención primaria, consultas externas, fármacos y pruebas complementarias; los costes indirectos en mortalidad anticipada y bajas laborales.Mediciones y resultados principalesEl coste total de la DM ascendió a 6.468,76 millones de pesetas (38,88 millones de e) o el equivalente a 126.168 pesetas (758,28 e) anuales por cada paciente diabético conocido. El coste directo total atribuible a la DM fue de 4.011,51 millones de pesetas (24,11 millones de e), lo que supone el 2,13% del gasto sanitario en Canarias, o el equivalente a 78.240 pesetas (470,23 e) anuales por cada paciente diabético conocido. El coste directo de la asistencia sanitaria constituyó un 62% del coste total. El coste indirecto total fue de 2.457,25 millones de pesetas (14,77 millones de e), lo que constituye un 38% del coste totalConclusionesA pesar de haberse adoptado un enfoque conservador, dado que el estudio no incluye los costes asociados con el dolor y sufrimiento, invalidez permanente y la atención en el hogar por parte de los familiares, el elevado coste socioeconómico de los pacientes con DM abre un camino hacia estudios coste-efectividad que permitan un debate más transparente sobre este tema.ObjectiveTo evaluate the economic impact in terms of the direct costs (health care costs) and the indirect costs (effects on production caused by mortality and morbidity) of diabetes mellitus (DM) in the Canary Islands (Spain) during 1998.DesignThe approach used was to study the cost of the disease through looking only at people in the productive sphere (human capital). Direct and indirect costs were calculated by using costs of prevalence, i.e. the costs caused during 1998.SettingDirect costs were broken down into hospital care, primary care, out-patient consultations, drugs and further tests; indirect costs, into premature mortality and time off work.Measurements and main resultsThe total cost of DM amounted to 6468.76 million pesetas (38.88 millio e), or the equivalent of 126 168 pesetas (758.28 e) a year for each known diabetic patient. Total direct cost of DM was 4011.51 million pesetas (24.11 million e), which amounts to 2.13% of health expenditure in the Canaries; or the equivalent of 78 240 pesetas (470.23 e) a year for each known diabetic patient. Direct cost of health care was 62% of the total cost. Total indirect cost was 2457.25 million pesetas (14.77 million e), 38% of the total cost.ConclusionsDespite the conservatism of the approach, in that the study omitted costs linked to pain and suffering, permanent disability or home care by family members, the high social and economic cost of DM patients calls for cost-effectiveness studies that would permit a more transparent debate on this question