47 research outputs found
Measuring changes in substrate utilization in the myocardium in response to fasting using hyperpolarized [1-(13)C]butyrate and [1-(13)C]pyruvate.
Cardiac dysfunction is often associated with a shift in substrate preference for ATP production. Hyperpolarized (HP) (13)C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has the unique ability to detect real-time metabolic changes in vivo due to its high sensitivity and specificity. Here a protocol using HP [1-(13)C]pyruvate and [1-(13)C]butyrate is used to measure carbohydrate versus fatty acid metabolism in vivo. Metabolic changes in fed and fasted Sprague Dawley rats (n = 36) were studied at 9.4 T after tail vein injections. Pyruvate and butyrate competed for acetyl-CoA production, as evidenced by significant changes in [(13)C]bicarbonate (-48%), [1-(13)C]acetylcarnitine (+113%), and [5-(13)C]glutamate (-63%), following fasting. Butyrate uptake was unaffected by fasting, as indicated by [1-(13)C]butyrylcarnitine. Mitochondrial pseudoketogenesis facilitated the labeling of the ketone bodies [1-(13)C]acetoacetate and [1-(13)C]β-hydroxybutyryate, without evidence of true ketogenesis. HP [1-(13)C]acetoacetate was increased in fasting (250%) but decreased during pyruvate co-injection (-82%). Combining HP (13)C technology and co-administration of separate imaging agents enables noninvasive and simultaneous monitoring of both fatty acid and carbohydrate oxidation. This protocol illustrates a novel method for assessing metabolic flux through different enzymatic pathways simultaneously and enables mechanistic studies of the changing myocardial energetics often associated with disease
The efficacy of fish oil supplements in the treatment of depression: food for thought.
A recent meta-analysis and meta-regression of 13 randomized clinical trials by Mocking et al.1 concluded that supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids, found naturally in fatty fish, has a beneficial effect in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), especially for higher doses of the eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and in patients taking antidepressants. Novel treatments for MDD are certainly desired. However, in our view the evidence in this study does not solve the academic debate on the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids for MDD. Some food for thought
Obesity does not negatively influence cartilage repair or cause osteoarthritis in DBA/1 mice
Affect fluctuations examined with ecological momentary assessment in patients with current or remitted depression and anxiety disorders
Affect fluctuations examined with ecological momentary assessment in patients with current or remitted depression and anxiety disorders
Study of Percolative Transitions with First-Order Characteristics in the Context of CMR Manganites
The unusual magneto-transport properties of manganites are widely believed to
be caused by mixed-phase tendencies and concomitant percolative processes.
However, dramatic deviations from "standard" percolation have been unveiled
experimentally. Here, a semi-phenomenological description of Mn oxides is
proposed based on coexisting clusters with smooth surfaces, as suggested by
Monte Carlo simulations of realistic models for manganites, also briefly
discussed here. The present approach produces fairly abrupt percolative
transitions and even first-order discontinuities, in agreement with
experiments. These transitions may describe the percolation that occurs after
magnetic fields align the randomly oriented ferromagnetic clusters believed to
exist above the Curie temperature in Mn oxides. In this respect, part of the
manganite phenomenology could belong to a new class of percolative processes
triggered by phase competition and correlations.Comment: 4 pages, 4 eps figure
Corrigendum to “Identifying mismatch and match between clinical needs and mental healthcare use trajectories in people with anxiety and depression: Results of a longitudinal study”. [Journal of affective disorders. 297 (2022) 657-670]
Stress-related psychiatric disorders across the life spa
Time to get personal? The impact of researchers choices on the selection of treatment targets using the experience sampling methodology
Empathy matters: ERP evidence for inter-individual differences in social language processing
When an adult claims he cannot sleep without his teddy bear, people tend to react surprised. Language interpretation is, thus, influenced by social context, such as who the speaker is. The present study reveals inter-individual differences in brain reactivity to social aspects of language. Whereas women showed brain reactivity when stereotype-based inferences about a speaker conflicted with the content of the message, men did not. This sex difference in social information processing can be explained by a specific cognitive trait, one’s ability to empathize. Individuals who empathize to a greater degree revealed larger N400 effects (as well as a larger increase in γ-band power) to socially relevant information. These results indicate that individuals with high-empathizing skills are able to rapidly integrate information about the speaker with the content of the message, as they make use of voice-based inferences about the speaker to process language in a top-down manner. Alternatively, individuals with lower empathizing skills did not use information about social stereotypes in implicit sentence comprehension, but rather took a more bottom-up approach to the processing of these social pragmatic sentences