33 research outputs found

    Enteroendocrine cells in cecum and appendix from rabbit

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    Las c茅lulas enteroend贸crinas (CEE) del intestino son c茅lulas relacionadas con la motilidad, secreci贸n y absorci贸n de nutrientes. Su rol relacionado a la funci贸n inmunol贸gica est谩 siendo estudiado recientemente. El ciego es el 贸rgano fundamental de la cecotrofia. Constituye una cuba de fermentaci贸n equivalente al rumen de los polig谩stricos. El ap茅ndice es continuaci贸n del ciego y es un 贸rgano linf谩tico de gran importancia en el conejo. La presencia en ambos de bacterias y nutrientes en distintas etapas de digesti贸n implica la potencial acci贸n antig茅nica de las mismas, por lo que ambos 贸rganos resultan un modelo de inter茅s para el an谩lisis de la reacci贸n local de hipersensibilidad. La necesidad de contar con valores de normalidad y las pocas referencias bibliogr谩ficas sobre estas c茅lulas en ciego y ap茅ndice de conejos normales, nos llev贸 a estudiar la localizaci贸n, cuantificaci 贸n y distribuci贸n de las mismas en estos 贸rganos. Muestras de ciego y ap茅ndice de 10 conejos neozelandeses adultos en condiciones standard de criadero, fijadas en formol buffer al 10%, incluidas en parafina, se marcaron con anticuerpo monoclonal anti-Cromogranina A. En cada 贸rgano se contaron 400 campos refiri茅ndose las c茅lulas enteroend贸crinas en relaci贸n a 100 enterocitos. En ciego, se consider贸 epitelio superficial y cripta. En ap茅ndice, epitelio superficial, cripta superficial y cripta profunda. En ciego, el epitelio superficial mostr贸 1.6 CEE /100 enterocitos, mientras que las criptas 3.0 CEE/100 enterocitos. En ap茅ndice, el epitelio superficial present贸 5.2 enteroend贸crinas/ 100 enterocitos, en criptas superficiales 8.5 CEE /100 y en las profundas 4.9 CEE/100. Los resultados nos permiten establecer que la cantidad de c茅lulas enteroend贸crinas es mayor en ap茅ndice que en ciego y que se distribuyen en forma desigual en epitelio superficial y en criptas. Las diferencias cuantitativas entre los 贸rganos y su distribuci贸n avalan una relaci贸n histofisiol贸gica de estas c茅lulas con el tejido linf谩tico de la barrera mucosa intestinal.Gut intraepithelial enteroendocrine cells (EEC) are related to motility, secretion and absorption of nutrients. Recently, their role in the immune response is being studied. Cecotrophy is a particular mechanism of rabbit digestive physiology which allows the entire antigenic molecules to get in close contact with cecal mucosal barrier. Appendix constitutes an important lymphatic organ in rabbit. Cecum and appendix present many bacteria and nutrients in different grades of digestion being potential antigens. The lack of references about EEC in rabbit lead us to study the localization and to quantify their distribution in both organs. Samples from cecum and appendix from 10 adults newzealand rabbits were fixed in 10% buffered formaldehyde, embedded in paraffin and stained with Chromogranin A for neuroendocrine cells. Enteroendocrine cells in 400 High power field were counted in each organ, referred as enteroendocrine cells per 100 enterocytes. In cecum surface epithelium and crypt were considered, meanwhile in appendix, surface epithelium, superficial and deep crypts. In cecum surface epithelium showed 1.6 enteroendocrine cells per 100 enterocytes while in crypts 3.0/100. In appendix surface epithelium presented 5.2 enteroendocrine cells per 100 enterocytes, in superficial crypts 8.5/100 and in deep crypts 4.9/100. Results allow us to conclude that enteroendocrine cells in appendix are more frequent than in cecum and they also have a different distribution in superficial epithelium and crypts. The differences in the number and distribution in both organs may indicate a histophysiological relation between these cells and the lymphatic tissue from the intestinal mucosal barrier.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

    Enteroendocrine cells in cecum and appendix from rabbit

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    Las c茅lulas enteroend贸crinas (CEE) del intestino son c茅lulas relacionadas con la motilidad, secreci贸n y absorci贸n de nutrientes. Su rol relacionado a la funci贸n inmunol贸gica est谩 siendo estudiado recientemente. El ciego es el 贸rgano fundamental de la cecotrofia. Constituye una cuba de fermentaci贸n equivalente al rumen de los polig谩stricos. El ap茅ndice es continuaci贸n del ciego y es un 贸rgano linf谩tico de gran importancia en el conejo. La presencia en ambos de bacterias y nutrientes en distintas etapas de digesti贸n implica la potencial acci贸n antig茅nica de las mismas, por lo que ambos 贸rganos resultan un modelo de inter茅s para el an谩lisis de la reacci贸n local de hipersensibilidad. La necesidad de contar con valores de normalidad y las pocas referencias bibliogr谩ficas sobre estas c茅lulas en ciego y ap茅ndice de conejos normales, nos llev贸 a estudiar la localizaci贸n, cuantificaci 贸n y distribuci贸n de las mismas en estos 贸rganos. Muestras de ciego y ap茅ndice de 10 conejos neozelandeses adultos en condiciones standard de criadero, fijadas en formol buffer al 10%, incluidas en parafina, se marcaron con anticuerpo monoclonal anti-Cromogranina A. En cada 贸rgano se contaron 400 campos refiri茅ndose las c茅lulas enteroend贸crinas en relaci贸n a 100 enterocitos. En ciego, se consider贸 epitelio superficial y cripta. En ap茅ndice, epitelio superficial, cripta superficial y cripta profunda. En ciego, el epitelio superficial mostr贸 1.6 CEE /100 enterocitos, mientras que las criptas 3.0 CEE/100 enterocitos. En ap茅ndice, el epitelio superficial present贸 5.2 enteroend贸crinas/ 100 enterocitos, en criptas superficiales 8.5 CEE /100 y en las profundas 4.9 CEE/100. Los resultados nos permiten establecer que la cantidad de c茅lulas enteroend贸crinas es mayor en ap茅ndice que en ciego y que se distribuyen en forma desigual en epitelio superficial y en criptas. Las diferencias cuantitativas entre los 贸rganos y su distribuci贸n avalan una relaci贸n histofisiol贸gica de estas c茅lulas con el tejido linf谩tico de la barrera mucosa intestinal.Gut intraepithelial enteroendocrine cells (EEC) are related to motility, secretion and absorption of nutrients. Recently, their role in the immune response is being studied. Cecotrophy is a particular mechanism of rabbit digestive physiology which allows the entire antigenic molecules to get in close contact with cecal mucosal barrier. Appendix constitutes an important lymphatic organ in rabbit. Cecum and appendix present many bacteria and nutrients in different grades of digestion being potential antigens. The lack of references about EEC in rabbit lead us to study the localization and to quantify their distribution in both organs. Samples from cecum and appendix from 10 adults newzealand rabbits were fixed in 10% buffered formaldehyde, embedded in paraffin and stained with Chromogranin A for neuroendocrine cells. Enteroendocrine cells in 400 High power field were counted in each organ, referred as enteroendocrine cells per 100 enterocytes. In cecum surface epithelium and crypt were considered, meanwhile in appendix, surface epithelium, superficial and deep crypts. In cecum surface epithelium showed 1.6 enteroendocrine cells per 100 enterocytes while in crypts 3.0/100. In appendix surface epithelium presented 5.2 enteroendocrine cells per 100 enterocytes, in superficial crypts 8.5/100 and in deep crypts 4.9/100. Results allow us to conclude that enteroendocrine cells in appendix are more frequent than in cecum and they also have a different distribution in superficial epithelium and crypts. The differences in the number and distribution in both organs may indicate a histophysiological relation between these cells and the lymphatic tissue from the intestinal mucosal barrier.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

    Law, State and telecommunications : the broadband gravitational force

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    O presente estudo figura como introdu莽茫o 脿 Revista de Direito, Estado e Telecomunica莽玫es do Grupo de Estudos em Direito das Telecomunica莽玫es da Universidade de Bras铆lia, abordando sinteticamente a estrutura, conte煤do e pol铆tica editorial da revista. Em acr茅scimo, o texto analisa os principais acontecimentos do setor no Brasil, bem como normas e julgados relativos ao ano de 2010, para registro das principais discuss玫es jur铆dico-pol铆ticas do setor de telecomunica莽玫es brasileiro referentes ao ano anterior ao da publica莽茫o. ________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThis text introduces the Law, State, and Telecommunications Review, addressing, by way of an overview, its structure, contents and editorial policy. Besides that, this introduction defines the underpinnings of the journal鈥檚 regulatory approach. Statutes, administrative regulation and judicial decisions of 2010 pertaining to telecommunications are referred to in detail. It also addresses the main political and juridical discussions on the Brazilian telecommunications sector that took place in the previous year of this journal鈥檚 edition

    Law, State and telecommunications : the year the spectrum shrank, again

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    O presente estudo figura como introdu莽茫o 脿 Revista de Direito, Estado e Telecomunica莽玫es do Grupo de Estudos em Direito das Telecomunica莽玫es da Universidade de Bras铆lia, abordando sinteticamente a estrutura, conte煤do e pol铆tica editorial da revista. Em acr茅scimo, o texto analisa os principais acontecimentos do setor no Brasil, bem como normas e julgados relativos ao ano de 2009, para registro das principais discuss玫es pol铆tico-jur铆dicas do setor de telecomunica莽玫es brasileiro referentes ao ano anterior ao da publica莽茫o. ________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThis text introduces the Law, State, and Telecommunications Review, addressing, by way of an overview, its structure, contents and editorial policy. Besides that, this introduction defines the underpinnings of the journal鈥檚 regulatory approach. Statutes, administrative regulation and judicial decisions of 2009 pertaining to telecommunications are referred to in detail. It also addresses the main political and juridical discussions about the Brazilian telecommunications sector that took place the year before the publication of the journal鈥檚 volume
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