The Crozier and the Cross: Crusading and the English episcopate, C.1170–1313

The historiography surrounding the English response to the crusades has thus far exclusively focussed on the experience and impact that secular kings, lords, and laymen had on these expeditions. In stark contrast, the medieval bishop has received scant attention in history of the promotion, promulgation, and participation of these campaigns. This thesis investigates the varied roles of the English episcopate in the recruitment, funding, and participation of the crusades between 1170 and 1313. The thesis builds on recent national studies of crusading movements to address an important scholarly lacuna by approaching crusading through the information contained within episcopal acta, registers, and other sources. This thesis seeks to offer a more rounded and comprehensive view on the nature of episcopal involvement in the crusades, and addresses the issue of whether the English episcopate had a cohesive approach to the crusades throughout the period. In order to address this, the thesis will take several thematic strands as individual studies. There will be an examination of the posthumous cults of English bishop-saints, the influence they had on crusaders, and the benchmarks they set for episcopal behaviour regarding the crusades; the use of crusade as ecclesiastical censure; the process of episcopal inquiry into crusaders, their goods and bequests to the Holy Land subsidy; and finally, the bishop-led inquiry in the proceedings against the Knights Templar in Britain. It will argue that although the English episcopate was united in regards to politics, learning, and reform, it was less unified when confronted with the crusades

Governmental Control of Research in Positive Eugencis

This article examines the potential societal problems that would accompany the implementation of eugenics programs and considers possible mechanisms for dealing with these problems. Governmental control of research in positive eugenics is identified as a practical means of preempting the undesirable consequences of scientific advances. Since proposed government research controls would infringe upon academic freedom of inquiry, the constitutional issues raised by this clash are framed and analyzed

Governmental Control of Research in Positive Eugencis

This article examines the potential societal problems that would accompany the implementation of eugenics programs and considers possible mechanisms for dealing with these problems. Governmental control of research in positive eugenics is identified as a practical means of preempting the undesirable consequences of scientific advances. Since proposed government research controls would infringe upon academic freedom of inquiry, the constitutional issues raised by this clash are framed and analyzed

ASSESSING MANIFEST COPING BEHAVIOR OF MENTALLY RETARDED INSTITUTIONALIZED MALES WITH AN OBSERVATIONAL TECHNIQUE

It was the purpose of the present study to explore the feasibility of investigating naturally occurring behavior of mental retardates with an observational technique. Twelve mentally retarded male subjects, ages sixteen to twenty one, with Adaptive Behavior levels of upper III, were observed for a total of four observational time blocks of fifteen minutes each. From the collected data 105 behavioral events were extracted, and sorted as to their appropriateness or inappropriateness in the behavioral setting. Each subject was assigned scores based on frequency counts of occurrence of appropriate and inappropriate behaviors manifested during his four observational time blocks. Rank correlations and partial correlations were executed comparing these data with indices derived from testing of these subjects with Wechsler intelligence tests and the Experimental Test of Social Inference. Several meaningful relationships were discerned, and while the conclusions are generally guarded, it is felt the study demonstrated the worth of a direct observational method in the study of symptomatic behavior of mental retardates, and provides implications for further study

Vibrational Fundamentals of CF2N2 from the Ultraviolet Absorption Spectrum

Vibration fundamentals of cyclic difluorodiazirine compound from ultraviolet absorption spectru

Harnack Inequality and Regularity for a Product of Symmetric Stable Process and Brownian Motion

In this paper, we consider a product of a symmetric stable process in $\mathbb{R}^d$ and a one-dimensional Brownian motion in $\mathbb{R}^+$. Then we define a class of harmonic functions with respect to this product process. We show that bounded non-negative harmonic functions in the upper-half space satisfy Harnack inequality and prove that they are locally H\"older continuous. We also argue a result on Littlewood-Paley functions which are obtained by the $\alpha$-harmonic extension of an $L^p(\mathbb{R}^d)$ function.Comment: 23 page

Upsilon Dissociation in Quark-Gluon Plasma

I consider the dissociation of the upsilon meson due to absorption of a thermal gluon. I discuss the dissociation rate in terms of the energy density, the number density, and the temperature of the quark-gluon plasma. I compare this to the effect due to screening.Comment: 5 pages, added calculations on screening; added figur

Implementation issues in product line scoping

Often product line engineering is treated similar to the waterfall model in traditional software engineering, i.e., the different phases (scoping, analysis, architecting, implementation) are treated as if they could be clearly separated and would follow each other in an ordered fashion. However, in practice strong interactions between the individual phases become apparent. In particular, how implementation is done has a strong impact on economic aspects of the project and thus how to adequately plan it. Hence, assessing these relationships adequately in the beginning has a strong impact on performing a product line project right. In this paper we present a framework that helps in exactly this task. It captures on an abstract level the relationships between scoping information and implementation aspects and thus allows to provide rough guidance on implementation aspects of the project. We will also discuss the application of our framework to a specific industrial project

Spin-transfer torques in anti-ferromagnetic metals from first principles

In spite of the absence of a macroscopic magnetic moment, an anti-ferromagnet is spin-polarized on an atomic scale. The electric current passing through a conducting anti-ferromagnet is polarized as well, leading to spin-transfer torques when the order parameter is textured, such as in anti-ferromagnetic non-collinear spin valves and domain walls. We report a first principles study on the electronic transport properties of anti-ferromagnetic systems. The current-induced spin torques acting on the magnetic moments are comparable with those in conventional ferromagnetic materials, leading to measurable angular resistances and current-induced magnetization dynamics. In contrast to ferromagnets, spin torques in anti-ferromagnets are very nonlocal. The torques acting far away from the center of an anti-ferromagnetic domain wall should facilitate current-induced domain wall motion.Comment: The paper has substantially been rewritten, 4 pages, 5 figure