CLUSTER ANALYSIS OF THE PATHOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF METABOLIC PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS WITH NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE ON THE BACKGROUND OF HYPERTENSION

The aim of the study was to conduct a cluster analysis of pathogenetic relationships between metabolic parameters, endothelial lipase levels, the severity of steatosis, and clinical parameters in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with hypertension. To analyze pathogenetic relationships, a cluster analysis was performed with the distribution of parameters into 4 clusters using the Ward's method. The most dense metabolic link by cluster analysis endothelial lipase forms with NAFLD liver fat score (2.639 cu), HbA1C (2.084 cu), total cholesterol (2.272 cu), and alcohol units (2.797 cu).The aim of the study was to conduct a cluster analysis of pathogenetic relationships between metabolic parameters, endothelial lipase levels, the severity of steatosis, and clinical parameters in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with hypertension. To analyze pathogenetic relationships, a cluster analysis was performed with the distribution of parameters into 4 clusters using the Ward's method. The most dense metabolic link by cluster analysis endothelial lipase forms with NAFLD liver fat score (2.639 cu), HbA1C (2.084 cu), total cholesterol (2.272 cu), and alcohol units (2.797 cu)

Polypharmacy problem in treatment of children in outpatient practice

The drug load that children receive is often superfluous and unreasonable. A typical example is the appointment of antibacterial drugs and immunomodulators in acute respiratory infections (ARI). In this work, there were analyzed 714 appeals to primary care physicians due to ARI in children under five years of age. The morbidity structure and frequency of use of drugs of various groups in this age period are presented. Unjustified use of antibacterial drugs has been noted in 59 % of cases. The average total number of drugs received by a child due to ARIs in his first five years of life was 44, some of which did not have proven effectiveness and safety

Sensitivity of bronchial receptors under the effect of tobacco smoke in the conditions of various activity of the thyroid gland in children.

The role of the initial hormonal profile disorders of the system “pituitary – thyroid” in the emergence of a bronchospasm in response to exogenic stimuli has not been finally determined. The aim of our research was to investigate the character and degree of the relationship between bronchial hypersensitivity in children exposed to smoking and the functional activity of the thyroid gland. The research involved 74 patients aged 10 to 17 years. Sixteen children were not exposed to tobacco smoke, 50 children were passive smokers, and 8 of the children surveyed smoked actively. To investigate the level of bronchial sensitivity, a bronchial provocation test with a non-specific stimulus – bronchoconstrictor acetylcholine was carried out. We assayed the functional state of the thyroid gland by the level of free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxin 4 (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), identified by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) (Alkor Bio, Russia). Indicators of hormones of a thyroid gland in most of the examined children did not differ from standard values for healthy children. Analysis of the results of the inhaled bronchial provocation test with acetylcholin showed that the state of non-specific bronchial hypersensitivity was observed in 2 active smokers and in none of the passive smokers and non-smokers (χ2=15,4>χ201=9,21 або р<0,01). According to our data, in children with hypothyroidism, under the effect of tobacco smoke, changes in the functional state of sensitive bronchial receptors do not occur. Among 2 children who had an increased activity of the thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism), one child from the group of smokers had an increased bronchial sensitivity by the results of the acetylcholine test (p>0.05). According to our data,  changes in the functional status of sensitive bronchial receptors (cholinergic receptors) resulting from exposure to tobacco smoke in children exposed to tobacco smoke, active or passive, do not depend on the functional state of the thyroid gland (Рχ2>0,05)

Convolutional Neural Networks for Image Steganalysis

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.Mathematical models based on human neuronal network behavior have recently become extremely popular and arouse interest as a solution of various computer vision problems. One of these models—Convolutional Neural Network—has been proven to be very efficient for object recognition problems and resembles principles of visual processing held by animal visual cortex. In this research, we propose a new approach to performing steganalysis on JPEG images using Convolutional Neural Networks. This approach allows to detect hidden embedding without computing features of an image predefined by empirical observations and obtain results comparable to state of the art methods of JPEG image steganalysis

Gender hormones and non-specificbronchial hypersensitivity in children with bronchial asthma

Bronchial asthma continues to occupy a leading place in thestructure of chronic respiratory diseases in adults and children. Therefore,bronchial asthma remains an actual scientific problem today.One of the main links in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma is bronchialhyperreactivity (non-specific bronchial hypersensitivity). On the other hand,among the etiological and pathogenetic factors of the development of bronchial asthma,a certain role belongs to violations of the neuroendocrine regulation of the body, whichis performed by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system. The hormonal defensemechanism of the body is triggered due to a state of stress reaction, which causesincreased activity of the pituitary gland, which in turn activates the adrenal cortex. Themain hormones of the adenohypophysis play a key role in the process of physiologicalmaturation of the body and the establishment of reproductive function. Theendocrine status of children and adolescents is characterized by the immaturity of the"hypothalamus - pituitary gland - gonads and target organs" system. In suchconditions, the negative impact of exo- and endogenous factors during the formationof the reproductive system can cause its functional immaturity. It is a well-known factthat sex hormones are included in the mechanisms of adaptation reactions.It is from the age of 12 that there is a significant restructuring of the functionalactivity of the pituitary-adrenal-gonadal status and a qualitative change in thehypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal relationship in the system of negative and positivefeedback.The purpose of the study: to study the relationship between puberty and the stateof non-specific bronchial sensitivity in children suffering from bronchial asthma

PARAMETERS OF LIPID METABOLISM AND SEVERITY OF LIVER STEATOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE ON THE BACKGROUND OF HYPERTENSION DEPENDING ON THE STATUS OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM

The aim of the study was to establish relationships between the parameters of lipid metabolism, the severity of liver steatosis and the concentration of endothelial lipase (EL) serum levels depending on the state of carbohydrate metabolism and the presence of type 2 diabetes .60 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) on the background of hypertension and overweight have been examined. The distribution of the examined patients was carried out in the following groups: group 1 - patients with hypertension without an increase in NAFLD liver fat score normal weight  (n = 8); Group 2 - with hypertension without increse in NAFLD liver fat score with overweight (n = 8); group 3 - with liver steatosis without type 2 diabetes (n = 10); group 4 - with liver steatosis and type 2 diabetes (n = 10); group 5 - with laboratory signs of steatohepatitis without type 2 diabetes (n = 16); group 6 - with laboratory signs of steatohepatitis and type 2 diabetes (n = 8). All patients were divided with accordance of age and sex. The control group consisted of 20 healthy individuals.All patients with NAFLD on the background of hypertension and the presence of type 2 diabetes had significantly (p <0.001) higher hyperinsulinism (32.27 + 4.71 vs. 20.75 + 9.5 mkU/ml) and significantly (p <0.001) increased values of insulin resistance index HOMA-IR (9.52 + 4.21 against 4.76 + 2.23 U), which testifies in favour of type 2 diabetes.In all patients with NAFLD on the background of hypertension, there are proatherogenic changes in lipid status, the presence of which is exacerbated with obesity and the severity of steatosis. It is most evident in patients with steatohepatitis in combination with type 2 diabetes.The level of EL is significantly higher in patients with steatosis, regardless of the presence of diabetes and with steatohepatitis without diabetes compared with controls and patients with hypertension and normal weight. Significantly high levels of endothelial lipase were found in patients with steatohepatitis and diabetes. Correlation analysis between the HbA1c and EL levels showed a reliable direct relationship between the parameters.So the level of EL in patients with hypertension in combination with the severity of liver steatosis is significant relative to atherosclerotic vascular lesions and prognostic as the occurrence of cardiovascular complications.Keywords: NAFLD, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, endothelial lipase, insulin resistance

Sensitivity of bronchial receptors under the effect of tobacco smoke in the conditions of various activityof the thyroid gland in children

Остаточно не визначена роль вихідних порушень гормонального профілю системи «гіпофіз - щитоподібна залоза» у виникненні бронхоспазму у відповідь на екзогенні стимули. Метою нашого дослідження було вивчення характеру і вираженості взаємозв'язку між бронхіальною гіперчутливістю в дітей, які зазнають впливу куріння, і функціональною активністю щитоподібної залози. У дослідженні взяли участь 74 дитини у віці від 10 до 17 років. Серед обстежених дітей було 16 дітей, які не зазнавали впливу тютюнового диму, 50 дітей були пасивними курцями, і 8 обстежених дітей активно курили. Для дослідження рівня бронхіальної чутливості проводилися інгаляційні бронхопровокаційні тести з неспецифічним подразником – бронхоконстрикторами з ацетилхоліном. Функціональний стан щитоподібної залози оцінювали за рівнем у сироватці крові тиреотропного гормона (ТТГ), тироксину (Т4) і трийодтироніну (Т3). Для більшості обстежених дітей типовими були показники гормонів щитоподібної залози, які не відрізняються від нормативних показників для здорових дітей. Аналіз результатів інгаляційного бронхопровокаційного тесту з ацетилхоліном показав, що стан неспецифічної бронхіальної гіперчутливості мав місце в 2 активних курців, в одного пасивного курця і в одного, який не палить (χ2=15,4> χ201=9,21 або р0,05). Згідно з нашими даними, зміни у функціональному стані чутливих рецепторів бронхів (холінорецепторов) у дітей, які зазнають впливу тютюнового диму, активно або пасивно, не залежать від функціонального стану щитоподібної залози (Рχ2>0,05).The role of the initial hormonal profile disorders of the system “pituitary – thyroid” in the emergence of a bronchospasm in response to exogenic stimuli has not been finally determined. The aim of our research was to investigate the character and degree of the relationship between bronchial hypersensitivity in children exposed to smoking and the functional activity of the thyroid gland. The research involved 74 patients aged 10 to 17 years. Sixteen children were not exposed to tobacco smoke, 50 children were passive smokers, and 8 of the children surveyed smoked actively. To investigate the level of bronchial sensitivity, a bronchial provocation test with a non-specific stimulus – bronchoconstrictor acetylcholine was carried out. We assayed the functional state of the thyroid gland by the level of free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxin 4 (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), identified by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) (Alkor Bio, Russia). Indicators of hormones of a thyroid gland in most of the examined children did not differ from standard values for healthy children. Analysis of the results of the inhaled bronchial provocation test with acetylcholin showed that the state of nonspecific bronchial hypersensitivity was observed in 2 active smokers and in none of the passive smokers and nonsmokers (χ2=15,4>χ201=9,21 або р0.05). According to our data, changes in the functional status of sensitive bronchial receptors (cholinergic receptors) resulting from exposure to tobacco smoke in children exposed to tobacco smoke, active or passive, do not depend on the functional state of the thyroid gland (Рχ2>0,05)

Digital banking development trends

The article discusses the features of digital banking, its advantages and models. It also suggests ways to improve and develop digitalization in the banking sector