Particle Ratios From Strongly Interacting Hadronic Matter

We calculate the particle ratios for a strongly interacting hadronic matter matter using non-linear Walecka model (NLWM) in relativistic mean-field approximation. A comparison with Hadron Resonance Gas Model is made.Comment: 18 pages, 23 figure

A cross-sectional study to determine sex-wise prevalence of obesity in adults of Kashmiri population

Background: Aim of current study was to determine the prevalence of obesity in both sexes in persons aged 18-45 years.Methods: Multistage and multiphasic sampling technique was utilized in this study to screen the obese subjects of  both males and females based on WHO classification of obesity according to BMI of 18-45 years of age. Each household was visited and only the subjects having age of 18-45 years were included in this study and this comprised of 5107 subjects, then identified obese cases with the help of height and weight techniques. Only those people who had simple obesity were included in the study. People having secondary obesity, drug induced obesity and pregnant ladies were excluded from this study. The data was collected and analysed using statistical software and chi square and proportional statistical test were applied.Results: Out of 5107 screened population, 2652 were males and 2455 were females and the prevalence of male obesity in study population is 6.41% and that of females is 7.74%.Conclusion: The sex has a significant impact on obesity. We reported in our study a prevalence of obesity is more in females as compared to males. A lack of physical activity as well as low frequency of employment makes females more susceptible to obesity.

Modeling Optimal Control for Mosquito and Insecticide

In this paper we consider a mathematical model of mosquito and insecticide. The aim of this model is to reduce the amount of mosquitoes in the ponds and swamps. Mosquitos are the main cause of malaria disease. We used the optimal spray strategies to minimize the amount of mosquito, we work optimal control framework by applying the Pontryagin's Maximum Principle. A characterization of the optimal control via adjoint variables was established. We obtained an optimality system that we sought to solve numerically by using MATLAB

Modeling Optimal Control for Mosquito and Insecticide

In this paper we consider a mathematical model of mosquito and insecticide. The aim of this model is to reduce the amount of mosquitoes in the ponds and swamps. Mosquitos are the main cause of malaria disease. We used the optimal spray strategies to minimize the amount of mosquito, we work optimal control framework by applying the Pontryagin's Maximum Principle. A characterization of the optimal control via adjoint variables was established. We obtained an optimality system that we sought to solve numerically by using MATLAB

Sudanese Newspapers and “Fourth Estate” Role: Impacts of Censorship on Anti-Corruption Campaign

Logically censorship or self-censorship is always detrimental to any media whose ambition it is to be free and independent. self-censorship though exists in law, but when it is practiced it undermines the freedom of the press as the “fourth estate”. The first role of a watch-dog or “fourth estate” is severely restrained by self-censorship, lack of resources and political parties intervening in journalists’ work. It is further undermined by the economic dependence on business and political parties. Though Sudan has many local and national newspapers, still not enough attention has been paid to issues of censorship impact on corruption. In view of this, this study examines how censorship affects Sudanese newspapers’ practice fourth estate role especially in the fight against corruption. To achieve this, the study adequately probes into how ownership pattern affects Sudanese newspaper to perform their watchdog role in Sudan.  Based on the analysis therefore, it was discovered that censor hip which is the outcome of ownership influence affects Sudanese press negatively in the “fourth estate” role more importantly restrained its fight against corruption. Therefore, for Sudanese newspaper to contribute usefully to fight corruption and promote good governance efforts should be intensified to free Sudan media from the control of politicians and government. Keywords: Censorship, Ownership, Fourth Estate, Newspaper, Corruption, Sudanes

Newspapers framing and experts' perceptions on issues of corruption in Sudan

In spite of decades of political challenges, there is little data available on the state of corruption and newspapers framing in Sudan. Consequently, its widespread has been seriously undermining the fragile Sudanese peacebuilding process. Therefore, the need for a critical examination of the role newspapers played and the perceptions of journalists have become imperative. Hence, the motivation for this study’s objective on the Sudanese newspapers’ coverage in relation to level of prominence, dominant frames, ownership pattern, challenges facing journalists, extent of the effect and the solutions to problems faced by journalists. The study explored the issue through the propositions of agenda setting and news framing theories within a mixed methods design in order to systematically provide a new approach and provide a deep understanding of how the press in Sudan can address the issues of financial corruption. For collection of data, content analysis of four major newspapers in Sudan were applied, while in-depth interviews with 20 Sudanese journalists selected across both government and private newspapers were descriptively and thematically analyzed with SPSS and NVivo 8 software. The analysis was carried out in stages of coding. The findings discovered that the Sudanese press faced many obstacles that prevent its journalistic performance. Not with standing these, prominence was given high attention while responsibility frame was dominant. The findings showed that there is high level of ownership influence which restricted freedom of the media. Also, there are variations in the four newspapers in terms of the five frames. The major challenges are information concealment, lack of investigative training and imposition of taxes and the weak regulations that govern the ownership of various media. Therefore, the study has significantly contributed to the overall perspectives of how newspapers framing affects public awareness about corruption and possible remedies in Sudan. Also, how the external factor, such as ownership, access to the government’s information, censorship and restrictive laws, influence the content of the newspaper. Consequently, this study is suggesting that Sudanese newspapers be reinforced, while the Law of proprietorship need to improve on the protection of journalists who investigate corruption in Sudan

Lavandula stoechas linn: Scrutiny of phytoconstituents, ethno medicinal and pharmacological ramification action.

Lavandula stoechas linn (Ustukhuddus) act as a recovery mediator from earliest period. Famous Unani physicians “Jalinus” and “Desquredus” located numerous therapeutic potentials of the plant. They encouraged the use of this drug, especially in cerebral disorders. Lavandula stoechas Linn belongs to “Labiatae” family. This is an evergreen plant generally grows upto 30-100 cm in height. The leaves are 1-4 cm long, greyish and to mentose. This plant is crimson to purple in color grows in end of spring and the early summer season. The essential oils were separated by hydro distillation and then analyzed using GC and GCMS. Various researches on its impact on nervous system had been explored by researchers which can also additionally attribute to its bioactive compounds like; glycosides, steroids, phenols etc. Many medical researchers had been proved that Ustukhuddus is drastically beneficial in numerous neurological problems inclusive of anxiety, convulsions, cerebral ischemia, depression. The current review article provides detailed knowledge on the medicinal importance and therapeutic value of Ustukhuddus. The data was collected using various data basis such as Google Scholar, Pub med, Sci Hub

Extent of liver inflammation in predicting response to interferon alpha & Ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C patients: a cohort study

Background: Liver inflammation due to HCV infection leads to fibrosis, which is an independent predictor of treatment response to interferon therapy in Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) patients. This relationship has not been studied for liver inflammation on pretreatment liver biopsy and End of Treatment Response (ETR). ALT is a less invasive test than liver biopsy for measuring liver inflammation. Aim of this study was to compare ETR to Interferon alpha (recombinant Interferon) & Ribavirin in CHC patients having higher and lower grades of liver inflammation and to determine the diagnostic accuracy of pretreatment ALT for grades of liver inflammation.Methods: A retrospective cohort of 876 naive CHC patients, who completed Interferon alpha & Ribavirin for 24weeks, was studied for ETR. Pretreatment grade of inflammation on liver biopsy was taken as the exposure variable. It was classified as high if there was moderate or severe and low if there was minimal or mild. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was performed. Diagnostic accuracy of pretreatment ALT for liver inflammation grades was determined by computing Area Under the Receiver Operator Curve (AUROC).Results: Of all patients, 672 having diagnostic liver biopsy and ETR available were analyzed. Among them, 103 had high and 569 had low grades of liver inflammation. Mean age was 36.9 (SD 9.1) years, with patients with high grades being older than those with low grades inflammation (p=0.03). High grades of liver inflammation was associated with ETR (RR 1.17, 95% CI 1.12-1.18) adjusting for age, Total Leukocyte count (TLC) and pretreatment levels of ALT, irrespective of liver fibrosis. This relation remained significant for \u27bridging fibrosis and cirrhosis\u27 and not for \u27no\u27 or \u27portal fibrosis\u27. AUROC of pretreatment ALT for males and females was moderately accurate for severe inflammation compared to minimal inflammation and less accurate for high grades compared to low grades.CONCLUSIONS: ETR in patients with higher grades of liver inflammation was 17% higher than those with lower grades irrespective of fibrosis and 9% higher for bridging fibrosis and cirrhosis. Pretreatment ALT was moderately accurate for severe inflammation only on liver biopsy in both males and females

Hypertension Frequency, Risk Factors and Therapeutic Dimensions in Primitive and Urban Areas

More than a quarter of all clinical direness/crises were hypertensive emergencies (76 percent urgencies, 24 percent crises). Hypertensive urgencies are frequently associated with migraine (22%), epistaxis (17%), faintness, and motor coordination discord (10%), while hypertensive crises are frequently associated with chest pain (27%), dyspnea (22%), and neurological deficit (22%). (21percent ). This study employed a cross-sectional design to look for differences in hypertension patients and related risk factors among Pakistan's rural and urban populations. Adult respondents experience 12 percent, 30 percent, 10%, and 9 percent of related illnesses, while female patients reported 20 percent, 22 percent, 9 percent, 17 percent, 31 percent, and 13 percent for DM, Cardiovascular Disease, Renal Disease, The certain Previous Surgical intervention, Hormonal changes, and hypertension in pregnancy, respectively. True hypotheses are related to research. All medical professionals, particularly doctors, should inform their patients about these risk factors and assist them in adopting lifestyle adjustments

Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms encompassing toll like receptor (TLR) -7 (rs179008) and (TLR)-9 (rs352140) in systemic lupus erythematosus patients

Background: Multiple documentary evidence comprising genome wide association studies have established association of TLR7 and TLR9 gene polymorphisms with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Present study was aimed to deduce and compare single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in TLR7 (rs179008) and TLR9 (rs352140) genes between local population of SLE patients and healthy controls.Methods: A case control study; blood samples from 80 controls (Group1) and 80 SLE subjects (Group2) were collected in EDTA tubes and processed for the analysis of gene polymorphism of TLR7 (rs179008) and TLR9 (rs352140) by PCR-RFLP after DNA extraction. Complete blood counts were also determined. Statistical analysis was carried out using Chi-square test for SNPs analysis and allele frequencies between two groups. TLR 7 and TLR 9 genes polymorphism with SLE alongside clinical parameters were assessed.Results: Genotypes of TLR7, AT and TT are not significantly associated with SLE. Whereas, TLR9 CT and TT genotypes, especially T allele are significantly associated with SLE reflecting noticeable interdependence of TLR9 gene polymorphism with respect to SLE subjects.Conclusion: TLR9 (rs352140) gene variation might be a key factor to etiology and pathogenesis of SLE.Keywords: Toll-like receptors; Restriction site; Single nucleotide polymorphism; Systemic lupus erythematosu