Comparison of I-gel and laryngeal mask airway classic in terms of ease of insertion and hemodynamic response: a randomised observational study

Background: The gold standard technique for preserving a patent airway throughout anaesthesia is tracheal intubation. I-gel is a relatively new addition to the SADs. I-gel has combined the concept of the non-cuffed SADs like the SLIPA and gastric tube of the proseal LMA yet retaining the shape of laryngeal mask. Hence, we have compared ease of insertion, number and duration of insertion attempts among the two devices. Methods: This study was conducted on patients undergoing elective surgery under GA in Pacific Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur. Patients were divided into two groups: group A= LMA classic, a variant of supraglottic airway device and group B= I-gel, a variant of supraglottic airway device. The two devices were than compared with respect to success rate of insertion, time taken for insertion and ease of gastric tube placement (number of attempts) and post-operative airway morbidity. Results: Mean insertion time was 8.66±3.21 seconds in C-LMA and 6.49±1.92 seconds in I-gel (p<0.001). 97.14% was the success rate of single time attempt insertion with I-gel as compared to 88.57% in C-LMA. There was a failure rate of 11.43% in single attempt insertion with CLMA as compared to 2.86% with I-gel (p>0.05). Conclusions: We hereby concluded with our study that successful and shorter duration of insertion, with less hemodynamic response, makes I-gel™ a suitable alternative to LMA classic™ during general anesthesia

Effect of a dietary essential oil mixture on performance of laying hens in the summer season

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplements of either an essential oil mixture (EOM) or a mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) as alternatives to an antibiotic feed additive (avilamycin) for layers kept under hot summer conditions. Four hundred and eighty 54-week old Nick-Brown hens were assigned to four dietary treatments. Each treatment consisted of four replications of 10 cages (three hens per cage). The treatment groups were: 1) Control: Basal diet without additive; 2) Basal diet plus antibiotic (10 mg avilamycin/kg feed); 3) Basal diet plus 1 g MOS/kg feed; 4) Basal diet plus 24 mg EOM/kg feed. Performance of laying hens was affected by dietary treatments. Dietary supplementation of EOM and MOS significantly increased egg production compared with control and antibiotic groups. There were no significant differences in feed consumption between treatments. The EOM significantly improved feed conversion ratio above that of the control group. Egg weights were significantly different between treatments. Laying hens consuming MOS produced significantly lower egg weights than the other groups, while egg weights in the EOM, antibiotic and control groups did not differ significantly. Cracked-broken egg rate was decreased by dietary addition of EOM, MOS and antibiotic compared with the control. Number of deaths among hens was significantly affected by dietary treatments with the number of deaths in the MOS treatment being significantly lower than in the other treatments. The performance of laying hens during the summer season could be maintained with inclusions of EOM and MOS in the diet. Keywords: Essential oils, mannan oligosaccharide, antibiotic, egg production, laying hen, summer seasonSouth African Journal of Animal Science Vol. 36 (4) 2006: pp. 215-22

Impact of Initiating Insulin Glargine Disposable Pen Versus Vial/Syringe on Real-World Glycemic Outcomes and Persistence Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Large Managed Care Plan: A Claims Database Analysis

Background: Diabetes accounts for almost 15% of all direct healthcare expenditures. Managed care organizations try to reduce costs and improve patient outcomes. Increasing patient persistence with antidiabetes treatment could help achieve these goals. Subjects and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using the Optum Research Database (Optum, Eden Prairie, MN) to analyze clinical and economic outcomes associated with initiation of insulin glargine via a disposable pen (GLA-P) or vial and syringe (GLA-V) among adult, insulin-naive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Propensity-matched patient cohorts were assessed for persistence with insulin therapy, glycated hemoglobin (A1C), hypoglycemic events (based on diagnosis codes), and healthcare costs (total paid amount of adjudicated claims) after follow-up at 1 year. Results: In 1,308 matched patients, persistence was significantly higher (P=0.011) and longer (P=0.001) with GLA-P. Follow-up A1C values were significantly lower (P=0.038), and decreases in A1C from baseline significantly larger (P=0.043), in GLA-P than in GLA-V. Significantly fewer hypoglycemic events (P=0.042) were experienced, and a lower rate of diabetes-related inpatient admissions (P=0.008) was reported in GLA-P than GLA-V. Despite higher study drug costs with GLA-P than GLA-V, all-cause and diabetes-related healthcare costs were similar. Conclusions: In insulin-naive patients with T2DM, initiation of insulin glargine using the disposable pen rather than the vial and syringe is associated with higher persistence, better A1C control, and lower rates of hypoglycemia. The higher study drug costs associated with pen use do not increase total all-cause or diabetes-related healthcare costs. This may help treatment selection for patients with T2DM in a managed care setting.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/140354/1/dia.2013.0312.pd

Antiprotozoal Activity of Turkish Origanum onites Essential Oil and Its Components

Essential oil of Origanum species is well known for antimicrobial activity, but only a few have been evaluated in narrow spectrum antiprotozoal assays. Herein, we assessed the antiprotozoal potential of Turkish Origanum onites L. oil and its major constituents against a panel of parasitic protozoa. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation from the dried herbal parts of O. onites and analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) and Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The in vitro activity of the oil and its major components were evaluated against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, T. cruzi, Leishmania donovani, and Plasmodium falciparum. The main component of the oil was identified as carvacrol (70.6%), followed by linalool (9.7%), p-cymene (7%), γ-terpinene (2.1%), and thymol (1.8%). The oil showed significant in vitro activity against T. b. rhodesiense (IC50 180 ng/mL), and moderate antileishmanial and antiplasmodial effects, without toxicity to mammalian cells. Carvacrol, thymol, and 10 additional abundant oil constituents were tested against the same panel; carvacrol and thymol retained the oil's in vitro antiparasitic potency. In the T. b. brucei mouse model, thymol, but not carvacrol, extended the mean survival of animals. This study indicates the potential of the essential oil of O. onites and its constituents in the treatment of protozoal infections

Analysis of the volatile components of five Turkish Rhododendron species by headspace solid-phase microextraction and GC-MS (HS-SPME-GC-MS)

Volatile constituents of various solvent extracts (n-hexane, CH2Cl2, H2O) of 15 different organs (leaves, flowers, fruits) of five Rhododendron species (Ericaceae) growing in Turkey were trapped with headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) technique and analyzed by GC-MS. A total of 200 compounds were detected and identified from organic extracts, while the water extracts contained only traces of few volatiles. The CH2Cl2 extract of the R. luteum flowers was found to exhibit the most diverse composition: 34 compounds were identified, with benzyl alcohol (16.6%), limonene (14.6%) and p-cymene (8.4%) being the major compounds. The CH2Cl2-solubles of R. x sochadzeae leaves contained only phenyl ethyl alcohol. This study indicated appreciable intra-specific variations in volatile compositions within the genus. Different anatomical parts also showed altered volatile profiles. This is the first application of HS-SPME-GC-MS on the volatiles of Rhododendron species

An Empirical Study of the Effects of Key Quality Parameters on Operational Performance in the Soft Drink Industry

The companys managements interests are concerned with the critical factors of quality and operational performance, which contributes to their potential for providing quality products that meet the needs of customers and their desires while simultaneously allowing them to produce competitive products. This research sought to determine the relationship and impact between the factors critical to quality and performance operations in the Karawanchi Group of Companies in Kirkuk. Consequently, several research questions were addressed, and a general framework for the problem was defined to determine the relationship and impact between the relevant quality factors and the operational performance within the company being investigated. This study concluded a correlation and a significant effect between the determinants of critical quality factors and operational performance. Each of the determinants of quality (the processing chain, the inspection process, the cost of operations, and customer satisfaction) was associated with operational performance. The collective crucial success elements notable and constructively influence operational performance. The quality of the testing process plays a crucial role in determining the success of activities inside the organization, particularly when materials are tested and compared against standard requirements. It was recommended that the company develop standards to assess the performance of the leaders and employees and adopt a comprehensive learning, training, and development system

Extent of Application of Green Productivity Standards in Al- Sumoud Refinery in Baiji: Case Study

The studys objective is to ascertain the proportion of implemented green productivity standards, identify implemented green productivity standards, and identify deficiencies in Al-Sumoud Baiji Refinerys dedication to enhancing productivity and safeguarding the environment in crude oil refining. The data was gathered via on-site visits to businesses, direct observation of work activities, and personal interviews conducted with engineers, chemists, and administrative personnel. The primary results suggest that the Al-Sumoud Baiji Refinery has demonstrated a favorable inclination toward diminishing solid and gaseous waste, thereby decreasing environmental harm and decreasing environmental harm and enhancing production. The adoption of green productivity standards is commendable, with the highest level of employee participation suggesting a strong awareness among workers about minimizing pollution and industrial emissions. Refinery management offers education courses to foster this awareness. This strategy mitigates adverse environmental effects and enhances productivity in oil refining

Insecticidal and biting deterrent activities of magnolia grandiflora essential oils and selected pure compounds against aedes aegypti

© 2020 by the authors. In our natural products screening program for mosquitoes, we tested essential oils extracted from different plant parts of Magnolia grandiflora L. for their insecticidal and biting deterrent activities against Aedes aegypti. Biting deterrence of seeds essential oil with biting deterrence index value of 0.89 was similar to N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET). All the other oils were active above the solvent control but the activity was significantly lower than DEET. Based on GC-MS analysis, three pure compounds that were only present in the essential oil of seed were further investigated to identify the compounds responsible for biting deterrent activity. 1-Decanol with PNB value of 0.8 was similar to DEET (PNB = 0.8), whereas 1-octanol with PNB value of 0.64 showed biting deterrence lower than 1-decanol and DEET. The activity of 1-heptanol with PNB value of 0.36 was similar to the negative control. Since 1-decanol, which was 3.3% of the seed essential oil, showed biting deterrence similar to DEET as a pure compound, this compound might be responsible for the activity of this oil. In in vitro A & K bioassay, 1-decanol with MED value of 6.25 showed higher repellency than DEET (MED = 12.5). Essential oils of immature and mature fruit showed high toxicity whereas leaf, flower, and seeds essential oils gave only 20%, 0%, and 50% mortality, respectively, at the highest dose of 125 ppm. 1-Decanol with LC50 of 4.8 ppm was the most toxic compound