On-sky results for the integrated microlens ring tip-tilt sensor

We present the first on-sky results of the microlens ring tip-tilt sensor. This sensor uses a 3D printed microlens ring feeding six multimode fibers to sense misaligned light, allowing centroid reconstruction. A tip-tilt mirror allows the beam to be corrected, increasing the amount of light coupled into a centrally positioned single-mode (science) fiber. The sensor was tested with the iLocater acquisition camera at the Large Binocular Telescope in Tucson, Arizona, in November 2019. The limit on the maximum achieved rms reconstruction accuracy was found to be 0.19/D in both tip and tilt, of which approximately 50% of the power originates at frequencies below 10 Hz. We show the reconstruction accuracy is highly dependent on the estimated Strehl ratio and simulations support the assumption that residual adaptive optics aberrations are the main limit to the reconstruction accuracy. We conclude that this sensor is ideally suited to remove post-adaptive optics noncommon path tip-tilt residuals. We discuss the next steps for concept development, including optimization of the lens and the fiber, tuning of the correction algorithm, and selection of optimal science cases

Effects of perfluorooctanoic acid on mouse mammary gland development and differentiation resulting from cross-foster and restricted gestational exposures

The adverse consequences of developmental exposures to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are established in mice, and include impaired development of the mammary gland (MG). However, the relationships between timing or route of exposure, and consequences in the MG have not been characterized. To address the effects of these variables on the onset and persistence of MG effects in female offspring, timed pregnant CD-1 dams received PFOA by oral gavage over various gestational durations. Cross-fostering studies identified the 5 mg/kg dose, under either lactational- or intrauterine-only exposures, to delay MG development as early as postnatal day (PND) 1, persisting beyond PND 63. Intrauterine exposure during the final days of pregnancy caused adverse MG developmental effects similar to that of extended gestational exposures. These studies confirm a window of MG sensitivity in late fetal and early neonatal life, and demonstrate developmental PFOA exposure results in early and persistent MG effects, suggesting permanent consequences

Tests of open-loop LGS tomography with CANARY

International audienc

The major genetic determinants of HIV-1 control affect HLA class I peptide presentation.

Infectious and inflammatory diseases have repeatedly shown strong genetic associations within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC); however, the basis for these associations remains elusive. To define host genetic effects on the outcome of a chronic viral infection, we performed genome-wide association analysis in a multiethnic cohort of HIV-1 controllers and progressors, and we analyzed the effects of individual amino acids within the classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) proteins. We identified >300 genome-wide significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the MHC and none elsewhere. Specific amino acids in the HLA-B peptide binding groove, as well as an independent HLA-C effect, explain the SNP associations and reconcile both protective and risk HLA alleles. These results implicate the nature of the HLA-viral peptide interaction as the major factor modulating durable control of HIV infection