Analyse a posteriori d'une démarche d'observatoire dans un contexte conflictuel : cas de l'irrigation en Charente

La situation de l'irrigation en Poitou-Charentes est emblématique des tensions entre le monde agricole et la société. Pour dépasser ces conflits, un observatoire alliant système d'information et action collective a été mis en place en Charente à l'initiative d'un collectif regroupant responsables politiques, chercheurs et conseillers agricoles. Cet article a pour objectif de restituer l'analyse des différentes perspectives et attentes des acteurs ayant participé à l'élaboration de l'observatoire. L'analyse proposée s'appuie sur une enquête réalisée en 2006 auprès des acteurs concernés. Il en ressort un cadre que nous proposons d'utiliser lors de la conception d'observatoires afin d'expliciter la diversité des attentes des parties prenantes et de faciliter l'élaboration d'un accord préalable à leur mise en ½uvre. / Irrigation in Poitou-Charentes exemplifies the tensions that exist between agriculture and other societal sectors. To overcome these conflicts, a Community Information System (CIS) for the purpose of both data management and community development has been set up in Charente by a group of policymakers, researchers and agricultural advisers. This paper describes our analysis of the differences among participants in the development of this CIS in terms of their points of view and expectations. Drawing on an analysis of a set of interviews conducted with these stakeholders in 2006, we propose a framework for use during the initial design phase of a CIS to make stakeholder expectations explicit and to promote a shared understanding prior to setting up a CIS

Open-label study comparing the efficacy and tolerability of aripiprazole and haloperidol in the treatment of pediatric tic disorders

Due to its unique pharmacodynamic properties of dopamine partial agonist activity, and its association with few and mild side effects, aripiprazole is a candidate atypical antipsychotic for patients with tic disorders. This open-label study compared the efficacy and tolerability of aripiprazole with haloperidol, a typical antipsychotic widely used to treat patients with tic disorders. Forty-eight children and adolescents with tic disorders were recruited from the outpatient clinic at South Korea and treated with aripiprazole (initial dose, 5.0 mg/d; maximum dose 20 mg/d) or haloperidol (initial dose, 0.75 mg/d; maximum dose, 4.5 mg/d) for 8 weeks. Treatment efficacy was measured using the yale global tic severity scale (YGTSS), and tolerability was measured using the extrapyramidal symptom rating scale (ESRS) and an adverse effects checklist. Total tic scores as measured by the YGTSS decreased over time in both groups (p < 0.001) without any significant differences between groups. ESRS scores were significantly higher in the haloperidol group during the 4 weeks after commencement of medication (p < 0.05). These results indicate that aripiprazole may be a promising drug in the treatment of children and adolescents with tic disorders. Further controlled studies are needed to determine the efficacy and tolerability of aripiprazole in these patients

Efficacy and safety of aripiprazole in the treatment of bipolar disorder: a systematic review

Abstract BACKGROUND: The current article is a systematic review concerning the efficacy and safety of aripiprazole in the treatment of bipolar disorder. METHODS: A systematic Medline and repositories search concerning the usefulness of aripiprazole in bipolar disorder was performed, with the combination of the words 'aripiprazole' and 'bipolar'. RESULTS: The search returned 184 articles and was last updated on 15 April 2009. An additional search included repositories of clinical trials and previous systematic reviews specifically in order to trace unpublished trials. There were seven placebo-controlled randomised controlled trials (RCTs), six with comparator studies and one with add-on studies. They assessed the usefulness of aripiprazole in acute mania, acute bipolar depression and during the maintenance phase in comparison to placebo, lithium or haloperidol. CONCLUSION: Aripiprazole appears effective for the treatment and prophylaxis against mania. The data on bipolar depression are so far negative, however there is a need for further study at lower dosages. The most frequent adverse effects are extrapyramidal signs and symptoms, especially akathisia, without any significant weight gain, hyperprolactinaemia or laboratory test changes

Safeguarding pollinators and their values to human well-being

Wild and managed pollinators provide a wide range of benefits to society in terms of contributions to food security, farmer and beekeeper livelihoods, social and cultural values, as well as the maintenance of wider biodiversity and ecosystem stability. Pollinators face numerous threats, including changes in land-use and management intensity, climate change, pesticides and genetically modified crops, pollinator management and pathogens, and invasive alien species. There are well-documented declines in some wild and managed pollinators in several regions of the world. However, many effective policy and management responses can be implemented to safeguard pollinators and sustain pollination services

The emerging modern face of mood disorders: a didactic editorial with a detailed presentation of data and definitions

The present work represents a detailed description of our current understanding and knowledge of the epidemiology, etiopathogenesis and clinical manifestations of mood disorders, their comorbidity and overlap, and the effect of variables such as gender and age. This review article is largely based on the 'Mood disorders' chapter of the Wikibooks Textbook of Psychiatry http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Textbook_of_Psychiatry/Mood_Disorders