Conductor Properties and Coil Technology for a Bi2212 Dipole Insert for 20 Tesla Hybrid Accelerator Magnets

A dipole insert based on a 2-layer cos-theta coil with stress management and Bi2212 superconducting strand and cable is being developed at Fermilab as part of the US-MDP effort. The ultimate goal of this task is to develop coil technology and an approach to manage azimuthal and radial strains of high temperature superconductor inserts when integrated within Nb3Sn outserts as a hybrid magnet system. This note reviews conductor properties and possible coil technologies.Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 2021. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2008.0740

Biodegradable and titanium osteosynthesis in maxillofacial surgery:in vitro and in vivo performances

Osteosynthesis systems, which consist of plates and screws, are applied to fixate bone segments in maxillofacial trauma and orthognathic surgery. Titanium osteosynthesis systems are currently widely used and accepted as the gold standard. However, their disadvantages include – among others – temperature sensitivity, tactile sensation of plates and screws, possible growth restrictions of the underlying bone, hampering of radiological imaging and radiotherapy, and accumulation of titanium particles in the surrounding tissues and different organs with potential mutagenicity. Biodegradable plates and screws may reduce removal rates in a second operation, while also avoiding most of the aforementioned disadvantages of titanium osteosyntheses. Biodegradable systems have, however, their own limitations including limited mechanical properties, palpability due to bulkiness, and possible foreign body reactions. To guide the evidence-based selection of osteosynthesis systems, the research described in this thesis aimed to compare the in vitro and in vivo performances of different biodegradable osteosynthesis systems as well as to compare the (clinical) performance of biodegradable and titanium osteosynthesis systems. It was concluded that biodegradable osteosyntheses are a viable alternative to titanium osteosyntheses when applied to treat maxillofacial trauma, with similar efficacy and significantly lower symptomatic osteosynthesis removal, but with higher perioperative screw breakage. For orthognathic surgery, biodegradable osteosynthesis also is a valid alternative to titanium osteosynthesis, but with longer operation times. It was shown that the biodegradable SonicWeld 2.1 mm system (poly[D,L-lactic acid]) had the most predictable degradation profile compared to other commonly used biodegradable systems. Furthermore, the SonicWeld 2.1 mm biodegradable systems had the most favourable mechanical properties for midface fracture fixation and osteotomies, and the Inion CPS 2.5 mm biodegradable system (poly[L-co-D,L-lactic acid-co-trimethylene carbonate]) for mandibular fractures and osteotomies. Finally, it was shown that the residents’ accuracy and reliability in applying torque to titanium osteosynthesis 1.5 mm screws were insufficient, but that both accuracy and reliability could be improved using a simple preclinical training model. These findings provide new insights into the biocompatibility, and biomechanical and degradation properties of (biodegradable) osteosynthesis systems that can be used for evidence-based selection and usage of such systems in maxillofacial surgery as well as to provide leads for future research

Ethical Leadership Antecedents Review: Call for More Research Contextualization & Proposition of Conceptual Framework

Ethical leadership has been investigated as a standalone area because of scholars’ notable focus on ethical leaders’ behaviors instead of examining other leadership styles’ (e.g., transformational, transactional, charismatic leadership) ethical dimensions. The present article reviews ethical leadership literature focusing on variables driving its emergence. The area with most hanging fruits is the role of individual traits (e.g., personality traits, Kalshoven et al. 2011; and moral identity, Mayer et al. 2012) in shaping ethical leadership. However, still little is known about context’s contribution in understanding leaders’ important ethicality. To address this gap, based on Johns (2006) context framework, we have recognized and classified existing antecedents from a context stand, and analyzed their effect on ethical leaders’ emergence. Yet, the empirical research body exploring contextual variables is focused on specific areas and is not systematic. At discrete context level, organization’s characteristics (e.g., ethical climate, organizational justice) and social network have important credits in forming ethical leadership with a deficient focus on omnibus contextual variables. Our review raises calls for considering three main avenues. Firstly, we encourage more research about omnibus contextual factors specifically “when” and “who” to make the story telling about ethical leadership predictors more comprehensive. Secondly, since they are nested within the omnibus context, discrete contextual factors might be considered for their possible moderating effect on the investigated relationship. Thirdly, as contexts are dynamic, interactionist approach between omnibuses and discrete contextual variables can offer meaningful discussions about ethical leadership. A framework (figure 2) is proposed enclosing individual traits and contextual factors impacting ethical leadership.   JEL Classification: D23, O15 Paper Type: Theoretical Research  Ethical leadership has been investigated as a standalone area because of scholars’ notable focus on ethical leaders’ behaviors instead of examining other leadership styles’ (e.g., transformational, transactional, charismatic leadership) ethical dimensions. The present article reviews ethical leadership literature focusing on variables driving its emergence. The area with most hanging fruits is the role of individual traits (e.g., personality traits, Kalshoven et al. 2011; and moral identity, Mayer et al. 2012) in shaping ethical leadership. However, still little is known about context’s contribution in understanding leaders’ important ethicality. To address this gap, based on Johns (2006) context framework, we have recognized and classified existing antecedents from a context stand, and analyzed their effect on ethical leaders’ emergence. Yet, the empirical research body exploring contextual variables is focused on specific areas and is not systematic. At discrete context level, organization’s characteristics (e.g., ethical climate, organizational justice) and social network have important credits in forming ethical leadership with a deficient focus on omnibus contextual variables. Our review raises calls for considering three main avenues. Firstly, we encourage more research about omnibus contextual factors specifically “when” and “who” to make the story telling about ethical leadership predictors more comprehensive. Secondly, since they are nested within the omnibus context, discrete contextual factors might be considered for their possible moderating effect on the investigated relationship. Thirdly, as contexts are dynamic, interactionist approach between omnibuses and discrete contextual variables can offer meaningful discussions about ethical leadership. A framework (figure 2) is proposed enclosing individual traits and contextual factors impacting ethical leadership.   JEL Classification: D23, O15 Paper Type: Theoretical Research &nbsp

Organizational commitment, emotional labor and intentions to leave: an exploratory study conducted among call center agents

This article aims to present an exploratory study that examines the relationship between the multidimensional concept of organizational commitment, emotional labor, and intentions to leave the organization. The concept of organizational commitment has three components: affective commitment, normative commitment, and continuance commitment (Meyer and Allen, 1991,1997). The three components represent a psychological state that defines the employee's relationship with his organization. While the concept of emotional labor refers to the management of emotions during interaction with customers in a service context (Hochschild, 1983). This concept involves the use of emotion-regulation strategies including deep acting, surface acting and the expression of naturally felt emotions. In this article, we review literature pertaining to these two concepts. Then, based on the psychological contract theory (Rousseau, 1989), we will attempt to answer the following research questions: can organizational commitment predict emotional labor among call center agents? What is the link between organizational commitment, emotional labor and intentions to leave? The qualitative analysis of the semi-structured interviews revealed that organizational commitment can predict the type of emotion-regulation strategies performed by call center agents. More precisely, affective commitment predicts the use of deep acting and the authentic expression of positive emotions. Normative commitment is associated with all types of emotion-regulation strategies, while continuance commitment is more associated with surface acting. Furthermore, the results show a positive impact of surface acting strategy on turnover intentions. Surface acting is the main predictor of turnover intentions, whereas a negative effect of deep acting strategy and the expression of authentic positive emotions was found on the intentions to quit. In the same vein, a negative effect of the three dimensions of organizational commitment on intentions to quit was revealed. These findings have interesting practical implications with regard to various management functions such as recruitment, training and performance management.     JEL Classification: M54 Paper type: Empirical researchThis article aims to present an exploratory study that examines the relationship between the multidimensional concept of organizational commitment, emotional labor, and intentions to leave the organization. The concept of organizational commitment has three components: affective commitment, normative commitment, and continuance commitment (Meyer and Allen, 1991,1997). The three components represent a psychological state that defines the employee's relationship with his organization. While the concept of emotional labor refers to the management of emotions during interaction with customers in a service context (Hochschild, 1983). This concept involves the use of emotion-regulation strategies including deep acting, surface acting and the expression of naturally felt emotions. In this article, we review literature pertaining to these two concepts. Then, based on the psychological contract theory (Rousseau, 1989), we will attempt to answer the following research questions: can organizational commitment predict emotional labor among call center agents? What is the link between organizational commitment, emotional labor and intentions to leave? The qualitative analysis of the semi-structured interviews revealed that organizational commitment can predict the type of emotion-regulation strategies performed by call center agents. More precisely, affective commitment predicts the use of deep acting and the authentic expression of positive emotions. Normative commitment is associated with all types of emotion-regulation strategies, while continuance commitment is more associated with surface acting. Furthermore, the results show a positive impact of surface acting strategy on turnover intentions. Surface acting is the main predictor of turnover intentions, whereas a negative effect of deep acting strategy and the expression of authentic positive emotions was found on the intentions to quit. In the same vein, a negative effect of the three dimensions of organizational commitment on intentions to quit was revealed. These findings have interesting practical implications with regard to various management functions such as recruitment, training and performance management.     JEL Classification: M54 Paper type: Empirical researc

When Ethical Leadership Triggers Followers’ Gratitude: Focus on Medical Representatives in Moroccan Pharmaceutical Industry

Throughout the long history of moral philosophy, the focus has generally been on moral reasoning, whereas the moral emotions have been regarded with some suspicion” (Haid, 2003, p.852). To respond to dearth of studies emphasizing emotions link with ethical leadership, this paper investigates whether ethical leadership can stimulate followers’ emotions from focusing on district managers (DSMs) and medical representatives (MRs) relationship in the pharmaceutical industry in Morocco. In our study, ethical leadership is defined around two main aspects including moral person and moral manager (Brown and Trevino, 2006). Qualitative data were collected through 15 semi-structured interviews conducted with medical representatives operating as part of the pharmaceutical industry in Morocco. We based our coding process on the Gioia et al., (2012) method. Our study’s results indicate that medical representatives who interacted with DSMs engaging in ethical leadership experience and express gratitude. Medical representatives have reflected experiencing thankfulness and appreciation from working with ethical DSMs, which in turn captures the experience of emotions (i.e., gratitude). In other words, medical representatives interact with their DSMs, and cognitively appraise the DSMs conducts. Through reflecting thankfulness and appreciation towards the DSM, we realize that medical representatives’ gratitude is stimulated as they perceive the DSMs deeds as positive, and moral in nature. Indeed, our study’s results supports the theological basis of gratitude, and indicate that moral considerations are part of the assessment of DSMs conducts and decisions.     JEL Classification:M10, O15 Paper Type: Empirical ResearchThroughout the long history of moral philosophy, the focus has generally been on moral reasoning, whereas the moral emotions have been regarded with some suspicion” (Haid, 2003, p.852). To respond to dearth of studies emphasizing emotions link with ethical leadership, this paper investigates whether ethical leadership can stimulate followers’ emotions from focusing on district managers (DSMs) and medical representatives (MRs) relationship in the pharmaceutical industry in Morocco. In our study, ethical leadership is defined around two main aspects including moral person and moral manager (Brown and Trevino, 2006). Qualitative data were collected through 15 semi-structured interviews conducted with medical representatives operating as part of the pharmaceutical industry in Morocco. We based our coding process on the Gioia et al., (2012) method. Our study’s results indicate that medical representatives who interacted with DSMs engaging in ethical leadership experience and express gratitude. Medical representatives have reflected experiencing thankfulness and appreciation from working with ethical DSMs, which in turn captures the experience of emotions (i.e., gratitude). In other words, medical representatives interact with their DSMs, and cognitively appraise the DSMs conducts. Through reflecting thankfulness and appreciation towards the DSM, we realize that medical representatives’ gratitude is stimulated as they perceive the DSMs deeds as positive, and moral in nature. Indeed, our study’s results supports the theological basis of gratitude, and indicate that moral considerations are part of the assessment of DSMs conducts and decisions.     JEL Classification:M10, O15 Paper Type: Empirical Researc

Dynamic Modeling of ORC Power Plants

This chapter presents dynamic modeling approaches suitable for organic Rankine cycle (ORC) power plants. Dynamic models are necessary for the better understanding of the plants’ behavior during transient operation, such as start-up, shutdown, and during rapid load changes. The estimation of plant operating parameters during transient operation is crucial for monitoring and control of the plant so that the system state variables do not exceed the pre-defined operating range. One example is the proportion of liquid and vapor phase in the condenser and evaporator that must be kept within acceptable ranges to avoid stalling or temperature shocks during transient conditions. Using dynamic models enables plant operators to predict changes in power output as a function of the plant’s boundary conditions such as temperature of the heat source and ambient conditions, so that they can respond to the expected heat and power demand accordingly. The aim of the chapter is to investigate and review the methodologies applicable for dynamic simulation of ORC power plants

Etude exploratoire auprès des enseignes de la grande distribution : Dans Quelle Mesure les Bénéfices des Programmes de Fidélisation Peuvent-Ils Conduire à Une Fidélité à l’enseigne ?

Cet article a pour objectif d’analyser l’influence des bénéfices (utilitaires, hédoniques et symboliques) des programmes de fidélité sur la fidélité à l’enseigne. Cette analyse, repose sur une exploration théorique des travaux portant sur la fidélité des clients. Aussi sur une étude qualitative exploratoire présentée par un guide d’entretien destiné aux responsables des enseignes dans la grande distribution. L’étude auprès de ces responsables nous a permis d’appréhender la réalité du terrain et d’affiner notre problématique étudiée pour conduire une recherche quantitative plus précise. Les résultats de cette étude nous ont permis de préciser les conséquences de la fidélité suivants : bouche à oreille positif, intention de fidélité, part du portefeuille client, résistance à la contre persuasion et l’achat répété. Mots-clés : programmes de fidélité, fidélité à l’enseigne, conséquences de la fidélité. DOI: 10.7176/JMCR/70-05 Publication date:August 31st 202

Expérience émotionnelle en ligne et la fidélité électronique des e-consommateurs Marocains : Étude exploratoire

The world has recently undergone a technological evolution accompanied by a change in consumer purchasing behavior, and all these factors have an impact on e-commerce, as the consumer is not only eager to obtain the product and/or service, but also wants to have an unforgettable experience with the brand. These changes in behavior have made experiential marketing researchers curious about the effect of experiential marketing on e-consumer behavior. For this reason, we decided to delve deeper into our research and discover the mechanisms by which emotional experience affects the e-loyalty of the Moroccan e-consumer. After studying the theories, we were able to extract a conceptual model. In order to prove the relationship between the variables in the model, a qualitative study was carried out to confirm the relationship between the variables, to see whether the conceptual model is compatible or incompatible with the behavior of the Moroccan e-customer. The interview was conducted with Moroccan digital marketing specialists, and the information gathered during the interview was processed and analyzed using NVIVO software. The results brought us closer to understanding the behavior of Moroccan e-consumers, as the interview participants explained the mechanisms that meet the expectations of Moroccan e-consumers, and also enabled us to enrich our model by adding variables and confirming the relationship between the others.Récemment, le monde a été témoin d'une évolution technologique majeure, accompagnée d'un changement significatif dans le comportement d'achat des consommateurs. Ces transformations ont eu un impact substantiel sur le commerce électronique, car les consommateurs ne se contentent plus seulement d'acquérir un produit ou un service, mais aspirent également à vivre une expérience mémorable avec la marque. Ces évolutions comportementales ont suscité l'intérêt des chercheurs en marketing expérientiel pour comprendre l'impact du marketing expérientiel sur le comportement des consommateurs en ligne. C'est pourquoi nous avons décidé d'approfondir nos recherches afin de découvrir les mécanismes par lesquels l'expérience émotionnelle influence la fidélité électronique du e-consommateur marocain. Après avoir examiné les théories existantes, nous avons élaboré un modèle conceptuel. Afin de valider la relation entre les variables de ce modèle, une étude qualitative a été menée pour confirmer si les liens entre ces variables étaient compatibles ou non avec le comportement du e-consommateur marocain. Des entretiens ont été réalisés avec des experts en marketing digital au Maroc, et les informations recueillies ont été analysées à l'aide du logiciel NVIVO. Les résultats obtenus ont renforcé notre compréhension du comportement des e-consommateurs marocains. Les participants aux entretiens ont expliqué les mécanismes qui répondent aux attentes de ces e-consommateurs, enrichissant ainsi notre modèle en ajoutant de nouvelles variables et en confirmant les relations existantes entre les autres variables

R\'enyi Topology of Charged-flat Black Hole: Hawking-Page and Van-der-Waals Phase Transitions

In this paper, we extend the proposed setup in [1,2] for finding the topological charges associated with the Hawking-Page and Van-der-Waals transition points as well as equilibrium phases to catch the nonextensive nature of the black hole entropy, Rigorously speaking we incorporate the R\'enyi statistics formalism in off-shell Bragg-Williams free energy landscape to examine topologically the Hawking-Page phase transition related to the uncharged/charged-flat black hole in grand canonical and the Van-der- Waals transition in the canonical ensemble and where a vortex/anti-vortex structure is found. For this purpose, we introduce three mappings, the $\psi$- and $\xi$-mapping, for phase transitions classification and the $\eta$-mapping for equilibrium phases classification. We found that Hawking-Page and Van-der-Waals phase transitions belong to different topological classes and exhibit an interplay of total charge values hinting to a possible new correspondence. Our topological study provides further substantiation for a possible conjecture positing a correspondence between the thermodynamic characteristics of black holes in asymptotically flat spacetime using R\'enyi statistics, and those in asymptotically Anti-de-Sitter spacetime employing Gibbs-Boltzmann statistics.Comment: 37 pages, 18 figures, and 3 table