Mecanismos de fotosensibilización inducida por fármacos: una visión general

This paper presents a general survey of the mechanisms involved in drug phototoxicity. Moreover, a list of 174 currently used clinical drugs inducing photosensitization is provided in addition to some others from which phototoxic effects are suspected. Likewise, some aspects related to the mechanisms involved in the phototoxicity of fluoroquinolones and non steroidal-antiinflammatory drugs have been reviewed. Finally, a possible role of the arenediazonium ions as photosensitisers is discussed.En el presente trabajo se hace ofrece una visión general los mecanismos relacionados con la fototoxicidad de sustancias farmacológicamente activas. Además se ha confeccionado una lista de 174 compuestos utilizados en la actualidad en la práctica clínica y de los que se existe pruebas de su actividad fototóxica. Conjuntamente se ofrece otra relación con sustancias cuyos efectos fototóxicos se sospechan. Asimismo, se revisan algunos aspectos relacionados con los mecanismos de fotoxicidad de fluoroquinolonas y antiinflamatorios no esteroídicos. Por último, se discute la posible actividad fotosensibilizadora de los iones arenodiazónicos

AAL platform with a “de facto” standard communication interface (TICO): Training in home control in special education

Framed within a long-term cooperation between university and special education teachers, training in alternative communication skills and home control was realized using the “TICO” interface, a communication panel editor extensively used in special education schools. From a technological view we follow AAL technology trends by integrating a successful interface in a heterogeneous services AAL platform, focusing on a functional view. Educationally, a very flexible interface in line with communication training allows dynamic adjustment of complexity, enhanced by an accessible mindset and virtual elements significance already in use, offers specific interaction feedback, adapts to the evolving needs and capacities and improves the personal autonomy and self-confidence of children at school and home. TICO-home-control was installed during the last school year in the library of a special education school to study adaptations and training strategies to enhance the autonomy opportunities of its pupils. The methodology involved a case study and structured and semi-structured observations. Five children, considered unable to use commercial home control systems were trained obtaining good results in enabling them to use an open home control system. Moreover this AAL platform has proved efficient in training children in previous cognitive steps like virtual representation and cause-effect interaction

Pathogenic mechanisms implicated in the intravascular coagulation in the lungs of BVDV-infected calves challenged with BHV-1

Resistance to respiratory disease in cattle requires host defense mechanisms that protect against pathogens which have evolved sophisticated strategies to evade them, including an altered function of pulmonary macrophages (MΦs) or the induction of inflammatory responses that cause lung injury and sepsis. The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanisms responsible for vascular changes occurring in the lungs of calves infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and challenged later with bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1), evaluating the role of MΦs in the development of pathological lesions in this organ. For this purpose, pulmonary lesions were compared between co-infected calves and healthy animals inoculated only with BHV-1 through immunohistochemical (MAC387, TNFα, IL-1α, iNOS, COX-2 and Factor-VIII) and ultrastructural studies. Both groups of calves presented important vascular alterations produced by fibrin microthrombi and platelet aggregations within the blood vessels. These findings were earlier and more severe in the co-infected group, indicating that the concomitance of BVDV and BHV-1 in the lungs disrupts the pulmonary homeostasis by facilitating the establishment of an inflammatory and procoagulant environment modulated by inflammatory mediators released by pulmonary MΦs. In this regard, the co-infected calves, in spite of presenting a greater number of IMΦs than single-infected group, show a significant decrease in iNOS expression coinciding with the presence of more coagulation lesions. Moreover, animals pre-inoculated with BVDV displayed an alteration in the response of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα and IL-1), which play a key role in activating the immune response, as well as in the local cell-mediated respons

Aplicación de las Nuevas Tecnologías GPS-GPRS para el estudio del comportamiento y mejora de la producción de la raza de lidia

La dehesa es un ecosistema agroforestal único que aúna un óptimo rendimiento económico con una menor incidencia en el medio. En la Península Ibérica hay unas 500.000 hectáreas de dehesas concentradas en Andalucía, Castilla y León, Extremadura, Castilla La Mancha y Madrid. La raza de Lidia es, dentro de las razas autóctonas, por su rusticidad y adaptación, una de las que mejor aprovechan y conservan la dehesa. Las condiciones de cría en grandes fincas (400-500 hectáreas de media), el espacio por cabeza (entre una y seis hectáreas por animal), la movilidad que le da su menor tamaño con respecto a otras razas y su crecimiento en libertad con mínima presencia humana la ha hecho indispensables para el mantenimiento del ecosistema de la dehesa. Con este trabajo pretendemos aplicar una tecnología innovadora como es el GPS-GPRS a la monitorización de la etología del ganado de la raza de Lidia durante todos los periodos de su vida y especialmente en aquellos momentos en los que el animal se ve sometido a diferentes prácticas de manejo. Para ello, se implementará la tecnología de GPS que permite el posicionamiento relativo de un objetivo mediante la captación de la señal de diferentes satélites específicos, lo que proporcionará información precisa sobre: el desplazamiento del ganado en un periodo determinado, las distancias recorridas, el territorio pastoreado, las áreas más querenciosas, su ritmo circadiano, las pautas de comportamiento, etc. Así mismo, el dispositivo incorporará sensores de parámetros biológicos como la temperatura ó el ritmo cardíaco, etc. La implementación de este sistema permitirá, a través del posicionamiento, realizar la óptima gestión de los recursos pastables de la dehesa, permitiendo ahorrar costes en alimentación, infraestructuras y personal, y ofrecer, en un futuro cercano, una atractiva herramienta al ganadero para realizar el control remoto de sus reses

Recensiones [Revista de Historia Económica Año VI Primavera-Verano 1988 n. 2 pp. 421-470]

Ángel Esparza Arroyo. Los castros de la Edad del Hierro del Noroeste de Zamora (Por J. A. Álvarez Vázquez).-- L. Martínez García. El Hospital del Rey de Burgos. Un señorío medieval en expansión y crisis (siglos XIII-XIV) (Por Miguel Santamaría Lancho).-- Hilario Casado. Señores, mercaderes y campesinos. La comarca de Burgos a fines de la Edad Media (Por Alberto Marcos Martín).-- J. López-Salazar Pérez. Mesta, pastos y conflictos en el Campo de Calatrava (siglo XVI) (Por Miguel Ángel Melón).-- I. Atienza Hernández. Aristocracia, poder y riqueza en la España Moderna. La Casa de Osuna, siglos XVI-XIX (Por Bartolomé Yun Casalilla).-- Enric Mateu Tortosa. Arroz y paludismo. Riqueza y conflictos en la sociedad valenciana del siglo XVIII (Por Vicente Pérez Moreda).-- Juan Francisco Zambrana Pineda. Crisis y modernización del olivar (Por James Simpson).-- J. R. García López. Los comerciantes banqueros en el sistema bancario español. Estudio de casas de banca asturianas en el siglo XIX (Por María José Álvarez Arza).-- Alfonso de Otazu. Los Rothschild y sus socios en España (1820-1850) (Por Guillermo Gortázar).-- Jesús Ruvalcaba Mercado. Agricultura india en Cempoala, Tepeapulco y Tulancingo (Por Pedro Pérez Herrero).-- Ian M. Drummond. The Gold Standard and the International Monetary System, 1900-1939 (Por Pablo Martín Aceña).-- Josep M. Colomer. El Utilitarismo. Una teoría de la elección racional (Por Carlos Rodríguez Braun).-- G. Himmelfarb. The New History and the Old. Critical Essays and Reappraisals (Por Ezequiel Gallo)Publicad

Spin-Glass State in CuGa2O4\rm CuGa_2O_4

Magnetic susceptibility, magnetization, specific heat and positive muon spin relaxation (\musr) measurements have been used to characterize the magnetic ground-state of the spinel compound $\rm CuGa_2O_4$. We observe a spin-glass transition of the S=1/2 $\rm Cu^{2+}$ spins below $\rm T_f=2.5K$ characterized by a cusp in the susceptibility curve which suppressed when a magnetic field is applied. We show that the magnetization of $\rm CuGa_2O_4$ depends on the magnetic histo Well below $\rm T_f$, the muon signal resembles the dynamical Kubo-Toyabe expression reflecting that the spin freezing process in $\rm CuGa_2O_4$ results Gaussian distribution of the magnetic moments. By means of Monte-Carlo simulati we obtain the relevant exchange integrals between the $\rm Cu^{2+}$ spins in this compound.Comment: 6 pages, 16 figure

Estrategias de conservación para Cotoneaster granatensis (Rosaceae), especie catalogada En Peligro de Extinción en la Comunitat Valenciana (España)

Cotoneaster granatensis (Rosaceae) is an endangered species in the Valencian Community with two natural populations known and 37 wild plants located in Alicante province. The strategy applied for conservation of this species comprises three steps in a cyclical method: in situ (first step) - ex situ - in situ (second step). Current conservation status for this species has been evaluated as a part of the first step in situ actions. Ex situ conservation activities consisted of germplasm conservation on seed banks, creation and maintenance of collections of livings plants and production of new plants in order to develop reintroductions (in situ actions: second step) in natural populations. The seed germination is a complex issue, but an effective protocol has been established reaching values over 60% of germination. The plant propagation by cuttings has not been successful. In situ actions such as reducing the threat of herbivory has been also essential to enhance natural populations. The initial results on plantations in the natural habitat show high survival rates of specimens

Mortality prediction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease comparing the GOLD 2015 and GOLD 2019 staging: a pooled analysis of individual patient data

In 2019, The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) modified the grading system for patients with COPD, creating 16 subgroups (1A–4D). As part of the COPD Cohorts Collaborative International Assessment (3CIA) initiative, we aim to compare the mortality prediction of the 2015 and 2019 COPD GOLD staging systems. We studied 17 139 COPD patients from the 3CIA study, selecting those with complete data. Patients were classified by the 2015 and 2019 GOLD ABCD systems, and we compared the predictive ability for 5-year mortality of both classifications. In total, 17 139 patients with COPD were enrolled in 22 cohorts from 11 countries between 2003 and 2017; 8823 of them had complete data and were analysed. Mean±sd age was 63.9±9.8 years and 62.9% were male. GOLD 2019 classified the patients in milder degrees of COPD. For both classifications, group D had higher mortality. 5-year mortality did not differ between groups B and C in GOLD 2015; in GOLD 2019, mortality was greater for group B than C. Patients classified as group A and B had better sensitivity and positive predictive value with the GOLD 2019 classification than GOLD 2015. GOLD 2015 had better sensitivity for group C and D than GOLD 2019. The area under the curve values for 5-year mortality were only 0.67 (95% CI 0.66–0.68) for GOLD 2015 and 0.65 (95% CI 0.63–0.66) for GOLD 2019