Dosa Asal: Berdasarkan Eksegesis Surat Roma 5:12 - 21

Because of Jesus, people can enjoy life to the fullest. Because of him,humans have a new chance in life. In contrast to a lot of people who do not knowJesus, man can experience the joy that remains, as it has a guarantee of eternalsalvation. Amid all the pressures and hardships of life, people can be relieved in thelove of Go

Refleks Fonem Proto Melayu-Polinesia Pada Bahasa Biak dan Bahasa Waropen. Reflex of Malayu-Polynesian Proto Phonemes in Biakic and Woropen Languages

This thesis examines the Reflexes of Malayo-Polynesian Proto Phoneme in Biakic (BB) and Waropen (BW) languages, two of several languages in West Irian Jaya, belonging to the Austronesian (AN) language family. The method used in the research is a Top-Down Reconstruction Method, while the data were gathered through interview and recording technique. Then, the data were cultivated and analyzed separately in two categories between BB and BW, using a comparative technique. The comparative technique was employed to observe the proto phonemes which have reflexes or mirroring, and to observe the innovations in these two languages. From the data analysis, the researcher finds out that there are reflexes of PMP either in Biakic language or Waropen language. The reflexs occur independently but some, though not many, occur simultaneously. In addition, the results also show that there are phonemic innovations in these two languages. The phonemic shared innovations that occured common to these two languages are phonological innovations, which shift, merger, and split. This research did not find any correspondence between these two languages, and there are no adopted elements from Indonesian language, or Malay as well from foreign languages. Apart from this research, this study still needs a further research especially into these two languages or into the languages existing in Geelvink Bay which belong to the sub-family of AN. It is also hoped that fiiirther researches will be focused on the reconstruction of the proto languages existing in Geelvink Bay, and on the compilation of Eastern Malayo-Polynesian proto dictionary especially those existing in South Halmahera and Irian Jaya. Key Word: Biakic language -- waropen languag

Penggunaan Radiasi Multigamma Untuk Rekayasa Genetik Tanaman Sorgum Lokal Asal Niki-niki Soe

Telah dilakukan penelitian dengan menggunakan metode radiasi multigamma untuk rekayasa genetik pada tanamn sorgum lokal asal Niki-Niki Soe di Desa Penfui, Kecamatan Kupang Tengah, Kabupaten Kupang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan dosis yang tepat untuk pengembangan sorgum lokal dengan produksi tinggi dan menentukan karateristik bakal unggul tanaman sorgum yang diradiasi sumber multigamma serta mengestimasi peningkatan produksi tanaman sorgum yang dikembangkan dengan iradiasi multigamma. Karateristik bakal unggul yang lebih baik pada dosis 3000 rads dibandingkan dengan 4000 rads dan 2000 rads. Estimasi peningkatan sorgum lokal ditunjukkan pada dosis 3000 rads meningkat 16.83% berbeda dibandingkan dengan dosis 4000 rads dan 2000 rads masing-masing mencapai 9.02% dan 2.33%. Kata kunci: pemulian, sorgum, radiasi, multigamm

Kajian Kandungan Radioisotop Alam dalam Sampel Batuan di Desa Oben Baun Kupang Barat dengan Teknik Analisis Radioaktivitas Lingkungan

Masalah pokok yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah pemetaan dan analisis aktivitas jenis massa kandungan radioisotop dalam deposit mineral di Desa Oben Baun Kupang Barat. Tujuan Penelitian meliputi: menentukan kisaran cacah radiasi radioisotop alam di beberapa titik pengukuran di lapangan dan pengukuran di laboratorium, menentukan kisaran aktivitas jenis  massa (C) kandungan radioisotop dalam sampel batuan, memetakan sebaran cacah dan aktivitas jenis massa radioisotop pada luasan daerah  tertentu yang terjangkau survei di lapangan, dan mengestimasi tingkat kontaminasi radioaisotop pada lingkungan. Metode penelitian meliputi: observasi/ survei, mapping, sampling, analisis, interpretasi. Hasil-hasil penelitian: Kisaran cacah radiasi nuklir radioisotop di lapangan dan dilaboratorium dalam deposit mineral di Oben Baun Kupang Barat berturut-turut berkisar antara 15 cpm sampai dengan 93 cpm dan 28 cpm sampai dengan 92 cpm. Kisaran aktivitas jenis massa (C) kandungan radioisotop dalam 45 cuplikan sampel batuan di Oben Baun Kupang Barat berkisar antara 0,099 x 10-5 µCi/gram sampai dengan 0,316 x 10-5 µCi/gram. Sebaran atau distribusi kandungan radioisotop di Desa Oben Baun Kupang Barat yang dapat dijangkau survei terdistribusi lebih tinggi dari arah timur dan cenderung menurun ke arah barat. Distribusi tersebut masih cenderung tinggi ke arah utara di bagian timur lokasi survei. Kontaminasi radioisotop pada lingkungan masih tergolong kontaminasi rendah untuk radiasi alpha dan beta, dan secara umum cacah radiasi radioisotop di lapangan masih bersesuaian dengan  batas toleransi, walaupun perlu diwaspadai beberapa titik ukur dengan cacah radiasi melebihi standar. Kata Kunci: Radioisotop, Aktivitas Jenis Massa, Daerah Kontaminasi.                                                                      &nbsp

The Self-Energy of Massive Lattice Fermions

We address the perturbative renormalization of massive lattice fermions. We derive expressions-valid to all orders in perturbation theory and for all values of the bare fermion mass-for the rest mass, the kinetic mass, and the wave-function renormalization factor. We obtain the fermion's self energy at the one-loop level with a mass-dependent, $O(a)$ improved action. Numerical results for two interesting special cases, the Wilson and Sheikholeslami-Wohlert actions, are given. The mass dependence of these results smoothly connects the massless and infinite-mass limits, as expected. Combined with Monte Carlo calculations our results can be employed to determine the quark masses in common renormalization schemes.Comment: 33 pages; 11 figures (included

Laboratory, field and airborne spectroscopy for monitoring organic carbon content in agricultural soils

This study explains the potential and the limits of a field ASD spectrometer and a CASI airborne instrument to assess the Soil Organic Carbon, in the context of soil carbon mapping