Method For Creating A Control Cabinet Model With Realistic Wires

During the assembly of a control cabinet, a major time-consuming step is the wiring of the included components. Hence, automating this step will noticeably reduce production costs. According to the planning, wires are routed through wire ducts and connected to components. While a comprehensive digital twin can be computed for the included components, this twin is missing a proper modelling of the connecting wires. For these, only a rough route through the wire ducts is given. However, a physically plausible model is an important prerequisite to perform reliable path planning for automated assembly. The paper addresses this need for accurate wire path computation during automated cabinet assembly and introduces a method to compute realistic wire paths through the wire ducts. Different models with and without a fixed wire length are presented and compared. An evolutionary algorithm optimizes the corresponding variables of the models. As described, both approaches yield valid paths, although the fixed length model appears to be able to compute more realistic paths

Method to Automatically Create an Initial Layout for a Production System

A well-proven means to automate processes are industrial robots. Nevertheless, there are still many processes that are not automated, especially in small and medium sized companies. A main reason is a missing automatism to create suitable solutions. To meet this challenge, the ROBOTOP research project tries to find a list of appropriate components and arrange them in a suitable layout. This paper addresses the second step and an algorithm is described that generates a suitable layout. Thereby, a main aim is to generate a layout that is plausible to the user. The problem relates to the facility layout problem and the proposed algorithm is also applicable to non-robotic related tasks. However, current methods do not yield to an appropriate, because due to the simplifications of the used models a manual effort is required when transforming the model to a 3D scene. The algorithms accepts a description of the process and identifies different kind of patterns. For each kind of pattern, layout rules are defined. With this, the model can be transformed to a plausible 3D setup

How to write an article for GAMMAS and a longer title

This tutorial is a ready-to-run LaTeX example that prospective authors of GAMMAS may substitute with their own content. Moreover, it contains information about some journal policies

Intra-cavity measurement concept of dispersion properties with a tunable fiber-integrated laser

The dispersion properties of fibers depict a key characteristic to model the propagation of ultra-short pulses in waveguides. In the following, a new method is presented to directly measure the dispersion properties of fibers and optical components in the time domain. The analysis is based on pulse shape variations along the tuning range of a theta cavity fiber laser (TCFL) depending on the adjusted repetition rate. The automated measurement procedure, evaluating pulse symmetry, achieves a temporal sensitivity below 5 ps surpassing the resolution of the acquisition electronics. Exemplarily, two samples of Nufern PM980-XP fiber are investigated with an Yb-doped tunable TCFL retrieving the mean dispersion parameter D? by comparative measurements. The obtained results are compared to a reference method based on spectral interferometry. With deviations in D? between either approach of 0.3% and 1.3%, respectively, the results agree well within the measurement errors of the TCFL, verifying the presented concept. Due to the pulse formation process extending over multiple round trips, this approach achieves an enhanced sensitivity compared to competing direct temporal methods. Together with an alignment free operation, the fiber-integrated TCFL depicts a simple and robust concept showing potential in specific measurement scenarios such as in quality management. © 2019 Astro Ltd

Yb-doped large mode area fiber for beam quality improvement using local adiabatic tapers with reduced dopant diffusion

A newly designed all-solid step-index Yb-doped aluminosilicate large mode area fiber for achieving high peak power at near diffraction limited beam quality with local adiabatic tapering is presented. The 45µm diameter fiber core and pump cladding consist of active/passively doped aluminosilicate glass produced by powder sinter technology (REPUSIL). A deliberate combination of innovative cladding and core materials was aspired to achieve low processing temperature reducing dopant diffusion during fiber fabrication, tapering and splicing. By developing a short adiabatic taper, robust seed coupling is achieved by using this Yb-doped LMA fiber as final stage of a nanosecond fiber Master Oscillator Power Amplifier (MOPA) system while maintaining near diffraction limited beam quality by preferential excitation of the fundamental mode. After application of a fiber-based endcap, the peak power could be scaled up to 375 kW with high beam quality and a measured M2 value of 1.3~1.7.A newly designed all-solid step-index Yb-doped aluminosilicate large mode area fiber for achieving high peak power at near diffraction limited beam quality with local adiabatic tapering is presented. The 45µm diameter fiber core and pump cladding consist of active/passively doped aluminosilicate glass produced by powder sinter technology (REPUSIL). A deliberate combination of innovative cladding and core materials was aspired to achieve low processing temperature reducing dopant diffusion during fiber fabrication, tapering and splicing. By developing a short adiabatic taper, robust seed coupling is achieved by using this Yb-doped LMA fiber as final stage of a nanosecond fiber Master Oscillator Power Amplifier (MOPA) system while maintaining near diffraction limited beam quality by preferential excitation of the fundamental mode. After application of a fiber-based endcap, the peak power could be scaled up to 375 kW with high beam quality and a measured M2 value of 1.3~1.7

A Virial Theorem for the Kinetic Energy of a Heavy Quark inside Hadrons

The formalism of the heavy quark effective theory is used to derive the field-theory analog of the virial theorem, which relates the matrix element of the kinetic energy of a heavy quark inside a hadron to a matrix element of the gluon field strength tensor. The existing QCD sum rule calculations of the kinetic energy are not consistent with this theorem.Comment: 10 pages LaTeX, CERN-TH.7070/9

QCD-Based Interpretation of the Lepton Spectrum in Inclusive Bˉ→Xu ℓ νˉ\bar B\to X_u\,\ell\,\bar\nu Decays

We present a QCD-based approach to the endpoint region of the lepton spectrum in $\bar B\to X_u\,\ell\,\bar\nu$ decays. We introduce a genuinely nonperturbative form factor, the shape function, which describes the fall-off of the spectrum close to the endpoint. The moments of this function are related to forward scattering matrix elements of local, higher-dimension operators. We find that nonperturbative effects are dominant over a finite region in the lepton energy spectrum, the width of which is related to the kinetic energy of the $b$-quark inside the $B$ meson. Applications of our method to the extraction of fundamental standard model parameters, among them $V_{ub}$, are discussed in detail.Comment: 17 pages LaTeX, 3 post- script figures available upon request, CERN-TH.7087/9

The cold-induced lipokine 12,13-diHOME promotes fatty acid transport into brown adipose tissue

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and beige adipose tissue combust fuels for heat production in adult humans, and so constitute an appealing target for the treatment of metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes and hyperlipidemia1,2. Cold exposure can enhance energy expenditure by activating BAT, and it has been shown to improve nutrient metabolism3–5. These therapies, however, are time consuming and uncomfortable, demonstrating the need for pharmacological interventions. Recently, lipids have been identified that are released from tissues and act locally or systemically to promote insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance; as a class, these lipids are referred to as ‘lipokines’6–8. Because BAT is a specialized metabolic tissue that takes up and burns lipids and is linked to systemic metabolic homeostasis, we hypothesized that there might be thermogenic lipokines that activate BAT in response to cold. Here we show that the lipid 12,13-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid (12,13-diHOME) is a stimulator of BAT activity, and that its levels are negatively correlated with body-mass index and insulin sensitivity. Using a global lipidomic analysis, we found that 12,13-diHOME was increased in the circulation of humans and mice exposed to cold. Furthermore, we found that the enzymes that produce 12,13-diHOME were uniquely induced in BAT by cold stimulation. The injection of 12,13-diHOME acutely activated BAT fuel uptake and enhanced cold tolerance, which resulted in decreased levels of serum triglycerides. Mechanistically, 12,13-diHOME increased fatty acid (FA) uptake into brown adipocytes by promoting the translocation of the FA transporters FATP1 and CD36 to the cell membrane. These data suggest that 12,13-diHOME, or a functional analog, could be developed as a treatment for metabolic disorders

HAND2 is a novel obesity-linked adipogenic transcription factor regulated by glucocorticoid signalling

Aims/hypothesis Adipocytes are critical cornerstones of energy metabolism. While obesity-induced adipocyte dysfunction is associated with insulin resistance and systemic metabolic disturbances, adipogenesis, the formation of new adipocytes and healthy adipose tissue expansion are associated with metabolic benefits. Understanding the molecular mechanisms governing adipogenesis is of great clinical potential to efficiently restore metabolic health in obesity. Here we investigate the role of heart and neural crest derivatives-expressed 2 (HAND2) in adipogenesis.MethodsHuman white adipose tissue (WAT) was collected from two cross-sectional studies of 318 and 96 individuals. In vitro, for mechanistic experiments we used primary adipocytes from humans and mice as well as human multipotent adipose-derived stem (hMADS) cells. Gene silencing was performed using siRNA or genetic inactivation in primary adipocytes from loxP and or tamoxifen-inducible Cre-ERT2 mouse models with Cre-encoding mRNA or tamoxifen, respectively. Adipogenesis and adipocyte metabolism were measured by Oil Red O staining, quantitative PCR (qPCR), microarray, glucose uptake assay, western blot and lipolysis assay. A combinatorial RNA sequencing (RNAseq) and ChIP qPCR approach was used to identify target genes regulated by HAND2. In vivo, we created a conditional adipocyte Hand2 deletion mouse model using Cre under control of the Adipoq promoter (Hand2AdipoqCre) and performed a large panel of metabolic tests.Results We found that HAND2 is an obesity-linked white adipocyte transcription factor regulated by glucocorticoids that was necessary but insufficient for adipocyte differentiation in vitro. In a large cohort of humans, WAT HAND2 expression was correlated to BMI. The HAND2 gene was enriched in white adipocytes compared with brown, induced early in differentiation and responded to dexamethasone (DEX), a typical glucocorticoid receptor (GR, encoded by NR3C1) agonist. Silencing of NR3C1 in hMADS cells or deletion of GR in a transgenic conditional mouse model results in diminished HAND2 expression, establishing that adipocyte HAND2 is regulated by glucocorticoids via GR in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we identified gene clusters indirectly regulated by the GR-HAND2 pathway. Interestingly, silencing of HAND2 impaired adipocyte differentiation in hMADS and primary mouse adipocytes. However, a conditional adipocyte Hand2 deletion mouse model using Cre under control of the Adipoq promoter did not mirror these effects on adipose tissue differentiation, indicating that HAND2 was required at stages prior to Adipoq expression.Conclusions/interpretation In summary, our study identifies HAND2 as a novel obesity-linked adipocyte transcription factor, highlighting new mechanisms of GR-dependent adipogenesis in humans and mice.Data availability Array data have been submitted to the GEO database at NCBI (GSE148699).</p