FOREST FIRE RISK ZONING FOR THE VILA VELHA STATE PARK AND ITS SURROUNDINGS (PONTA GROSSA, PARANÁ)

Forest fire hazard and risk mapping is an essential tool for planning and decision making regarding the prevention and suppression of forest fires,as well as fire management in general, as it allows the spatial visualization of areas with higher and lower ignition probability. This study aimed to develop a forest fire risk zoning map for the Vila Velha State Park and its surroundings (Ponta Grossa, Paraná State, Brazil), for the period of higher incidence of forest fires (from April to September) and for the period of lower incidence (from October to March). The following risk and hazard variables were identified: human presence, usage zones, topographical features, soil coverage and land use and meteorological conditions. Coefficients (0 to 5) reflecting the fire risk or hazard degree were allocated to each variable in order to construct the maps. The integration of these maps, through a weighting model, resulted in the final risk mapping. The very high and extreme risk classes represented about 38% of the area for both periods. The forest fire risk mapping spatially represented the levels of fire risk in the area, allowing the managers to identify the priority sectors for preventive actions in both fire seasons

FIRE HISTORY OF VILA VELHA STATE PARK, PARANÁ, FROM 1997 TO 2018

Grassy-wood steppe formation is characterized as a fire-dependent ecosystem, however the fire regime in these areas has changed over the years. The study aimed to recover the fire history of Vila Velha State Park - PR, which houses one of the main remnants of countryside vegetation in the state, in order to assist the fire management activities in the park. Through Landsat images, there were demarcated scars resulting from the fire passage from 1997 to 2018. Subsequently, frequency maps were generated, time since last fire and fire return interval. It was observed that 56% of the park area already burned at least once in the analyzed period, nine times the maximum frequency occurred. Approximately 23.5% of the burned area has exceeded a time of 10 years since the last burn, with 22 years the maximum period observed. The predominant fire return range in the park was the “mixed range”. The southwest zone of the park was the most frequently attained, while the eastern zone concentrated areas with prolonged periods since the last fire occurrence, for which is recommended priority in the next fire management actions

FIRE HISTORY OF VILA VELHA STATE PARK, PARANÁ, FROM 1997 TO 2018

Grassy-wood steppe formation is characterized as a fire-dependent ecosystem, however the fire regime in these areas has changed over the years. The study aimed to recover the fire history of Vila Velha State Park - PR, which houses one of the main remnants of countryside vegetation in the state, in order to assist the fire management activities in the park. Through Landsat images, there were demarcated scars resulting from the fire passage from 1997 to 2018. Subsequently, frequency maps were generated, time since last fire and fire return interval. It was observed that 56% of the park area already burned at least once in the analyzed period, nine times the maximum frequency occurred. Approximately 23.5% of the burned area has exceeded a time of 10 years since the last burn, with 22 years the maximum period observed. The predominant fire return range in the park was the “mixed range”. The southwest zone of the park was the most frequently attained, while the eastern zone concentrated areas with prolonged periods since the last fire occurrence, for which is recommended priority in the next fire management actions

Caracterização fitofisionômica do Parque Estadual do Guartelá, município de Tibagi, Estado do Paraná

O Parque Estadual do Guartelá (50°10W e 24°37S), localizado no município de Tibagi, é uma das importantes unidades de conservação da região dos Campos Gerais do Paraná. A área apresenta elevado interesse ecológico, cujo relevo acidentado promove grande variação ambiental e vegetacional, coexistindo vários ecossistemas que refletem diferentes condições paleoclimáticas. Com o objetivo de caracterizar as diferentes associações e fisionomias, foram realizados levantamentos florísticos e fitossociológicos em cada formação vegetal presente no parque. Nas formações campestres, foram alocadas 90 parcelas de 1 x 1m, obedecendo a seguinte distribuição: 30 parcelas em campo limpo (seco); 30 parcelas em campo úmido e 30 parcelas em campo com afloramentos rochosos. Poaceae foi a família com maior número de espécies, seguida de Asteraceae, Melastomataceae e Cyperaceae. Foram encontradas 80 espécies em campo seco, 71 em campo úmido e 57 em campo com afloramentos rochosos. A similaridade entre as três fisionomias foi baixa, havendo 6,6% de espécies comuns. A ocorrência de elementos típicos das fisionomias savânicas (cerrado) junto aqueles dos campos planálticos sugere que a área de estudo representa uma região de confluência das floras subtropical e tropical. Nos mosaicos de cerrado, foram distribuídas 50 parcelas de 5 x 5m, caracterizando três classes de amostragem: componente arbóreo-arbustivo, componente sub-arbustivo e componente herbáceo, sendo este último amostrado em subparcelas de 1 x 1m. O levantamento total encontrou 1341 indivíduos, distribuídos em 27 famílias e 114 espécies. Fabaceae e Myrtaceae foram as famílias mais abundantes na área. O índice de diversidade foi maior para o componente subarbustivo (H =3,34), seguido do arbóreoarbustivo (H =3,06) e herbáceo (H =2,82)...The State Park of Guartelá (50° 10 W and 24°37 S), located in the municipality of Tibagi, is one of the most important preservation sites in the region of Campos Gerais, Parana. This area of high ecological interest presents an altered relief producing the great environmental and vegetational variation where several ecosystems coexist due to the diversified paleoclimatic conditions. With the objective of characterizing the different associations and physiognomies, floristic and phytosociological surveys were conducted in this park. In the rupestrian formations, 90 plots of 1 x 1 m were allocated in the following way: 30 plots in clean fields (dry); 30 plots in moist fields and 30 plots in rocky outcrops. Poaceae was the family with the greatest number of species, followed by Asteraceae, Melastomataceae and Cyperaceae. 80 species were found in dry fields, 71 in moist fields and 57 in fields with rocky outcrops. The similarity among the three physiognomies was low and 6.6% of the species were found in common. The occurrence of typical elements to savannic physiognomies (cerrado) at these upland fields suggests that the study area represents a confluence of subtropical and tropical flora. Plots of 5 x 5m were distributed in the mosaic of the cerrado, characterizing three classes of samplings: arboreal-shrubby stratum, under shrubby stratum and herbaceous stratum, being the latter sampled in sub plots of 1m x 1m. The complete survey found 1341 individuals distributed in 27 families and 114 species. Fabaceae and Myrtaceae were the most abundant families in the area. The diversity level was greater for the under shrubby stratum (H =3.34), followed by the arboreal shrubby (H =3.06) and by the herbaceous (H =2.82). The composition, structure and diversity analyses showed that in the relictual... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Caracterização florística e estrutural das florestas naturalmente fragmentadas no Parque Estadual do Guartelá, município de Tibagi, estado do Paraná

A Floresta Ombrófila Mista na região dos Campos Gerais do Paraná é naturalmente fragmentada, ocorrendo em forma de capões ou ao longo dos cursos d'água. Com o objetivo de caracterizar a composição e estrutura destes fragmentos e avaliar as correlações entre a distribuição das espécies e variáveis do solo de tal região, realizou-se um estudo no Parque Estadual do Guartelá, Município de Tibagi (24°39'10S e 50°15'25W). Foram alocadas 50 parcelas de 10x10m, distribuídas em capões de diferentes tamanhos e ao longo da floresta que acompanha o Rio Iapó, amostrando todos os indivíduos com altura > 3m. Foram encontrados um alto número de espécies (140) e uma elevada diversidade (H'=4,10), valores acima daqueles relatados para o domínio da Floresta Ombrófila Mista. As análises da composição e estrutura revelaram uma flora de transição entre a Floresta Ombrófila Mista e a Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, com uma maior similaridade com esta última, possivelmente influenciada pelo clima. Uma análise de correspondência canônica identificou as variáveis textura e acidez como as correlacionadas com a distribuição de abundâncias das espécies, ordenando dois grupos distintos: um formado pelas parcelas distribuídas nos capões, relacionadas fortemente à textura do solo; e outro pelas parcelas alocadas na floresta de galeria, associadas principalmente com a disponibilidade de nutrientes.The Araucaria forest in the region of Campos Gerais in Paraná is naturally fragmented, and is found in patches (capões) or along watercourses. The goal of this study was to characterize the structure of these fragments and to evaluate correlations between species distribution and soil variables in Parque Estadual do Guartelá, in the Tibagy municipality (24°39'10S, 50°15'25W). Fifty 10x10m plots were allocated, which were distributed in capões of different sizes and in the forest that follow the Iapó River, and all individuals were sampled that were > 3m tall. A high number of species (140) and diversity (H'=4.17) values were found; much higher than those related to Mixed Ombrophylous Forest. The evaluation of the composition and structure revealed a flora of transition between the Mixed Ombrophylous Forest and Semideciduous Seasonal Forest, with a greater similarity with the latter, something that is possibly influenced by the climate. A canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) identified various textures and acidity related to the distribution of abundance of the species, and revealed two distinct groups: one shaped by the plots distributed in the patches (capões), which was strongly related to the texture of the soil; and the other by the plots allocated in the gallery forest, which was associated mainly with nutrient availability

Estrutura e composição em fisionomias campestres setentrionais do Sul do Brasil. e2322248

To contribute to the understanding of grassland formations in the southern Brazilian plateau, a floristic and structural survey was carried out in communities in its northern region. This region is characterized by a climate regime of transition between temperate and subtropical, within the phytogeographic zone called Campos Gerais. The study was carried out in grassland communities in the Guartelá State Park (Tibagi, Paraná State, Brazil - 24º39’10” S and 50º15’25” W), with the allocation of 90 sample units of 1 m2, distributed in 30 plots in the dry grassland (CS), 30 in rocky outcrops grassland (CR) and 30 in a wet grassland (CU). A total of 128 species and 28 families were found, with the occurrence of 66 species in CS, 55 in CR, and 64 in CU. Although the number of species sampled was higher in CS, there was no significant difference between grasslands for richness and diversity. Asteraceae (28 species), Poaceae (24), Melastomataceae (13), and Cyperaceae (11) were the families sampled with the highest species richness, a common pattern in grassland areas of the Mata Atlantica and Cerradobiomes. Few species were high frequency and coverage in the communities (mainly grasses) among several low biomass and low-frequency species. In addition, a marked zonation of vegetation was observed due to topographic and edaphic variations, since the greatest similarity was between CS and CR (54.54%) and dissimilarity between CR and UC (21.84%). Despite this, 10% of the species were found in common for CS, CU, and CR, an index higher than that found in studies carried out in the region. Floristic and structural differences in local and regional communities reinforce the need for further studies on the plateaus of southern Brazil for a more detailed understanding of this vegetation since its complexity is little known and the strong anthropic pressure has significantly affected its area of occurrenc

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS IN CERRADO'S RELICTS AT STATE PARK OF GUARTELÁ, TIBAGI, PARANA STATE, BRAZIL

O estudo foi desenvolvido em relictos de cerrado existentes no Parque Estadual do Guartelá, Tibagi-PR, (24°39&apos;10"S e 50°15&apos;25"W), os quais representam um dos poucos remanescentes extremo-meridional deste tipo de formação. Para a análise fitossociológica, foram alocadas 50 parcelas de 5 x 5 m, incluindose os indiv íduos com altura ≥ 1 m, divididos em duas amostragens para avaliar os seguintes estratos: a) superior - plantas com DAS ≥ 3 cm; e b) médio - plantas com DAS < 3 cm. Ainda, em cada parcela foram estabelecidas subparcelas de 1 x 1 m para amostrar o estrato inferior, constitu ído por indiv íduos com altura 10 cm. No total foram amostrados 1.340 indiv íduos, distribu ídos em 28 fam ílias, 66 g êneros e 115 esp écies. O índice de diversidade foi maior para o estrato médio (H&apos;=3,30), seguido do superior (H&apos;=3,09) e inferior (H&apos;=2,91). A ocorr ência frequente de moitas é uma caracter ística notável da fisionomia das áreas do PEG, sendo que 82 % das populações analisadas distribuem-se com padrão agregado. Por se tratar de uma região lim ítrofe de ocorr ência do Cerrado, sob influ ência atual de um clima subtropical, mais úmido e frio, comparado à zona core de tal bioma, nota-se que estas áreas se caracterizam por uma diminuição na estatura, riqueza e diversidade de sua flora. Apesar disso, preserva esp écies caracter ísticas dos cerrados brasileiros, mas, por apresentarem distribuição em relictos e estes terem sido em parte devastados, algumas estão inclu ídas na lista vermelha de plantas ameaçadas de extinção no Estado do Paraná, o que evidencia a import ância da preservação e manejo destas áreas.This study was accomplished in existing Cerrado’s relicts at State Park Guartelá, Tibagi, PR (24°39&apos;10"S and 50°15&apos;25"W), which represent one of the last extreme-meridional remanescents of this type of formation. Fifty plots with dimensions of 5x5m were allocated for phyto-sociological analysis, including in the sample individuals with height ≥ 1 m, divided into two samples to evaluate the following strata: a) upper- plants with DAS ≥ 3 cm, and b) intermediate - plants with DAS <3cm. Moreover, in each plot, there were established sub-plots with dimensions of 1x1m for sampling the lower stratum, comprised by individuals with height <1m and >10cm. The complete survey found 1340 individuals distributed in 28 families, 66 genera and 115 species. The diversity index was higher for the mean component (H&apos;=3.30), followed by the superior component (H&apos;=3.09) and the inferior (H&apos;=2.91). The frequent occurrence of bushes is a remarkable characteristic of the physiognomy of the areas inside the park and 82 % of the populations studied are distributed in aggregated standard. Because it is a marginal region of occurrence of cerrado vegetation, now under the influence of a subtropical climate, more humid and cold, compared to the core area of this biome, it is noted that these areas are characterized by a decrease in stature, richness and diversity of its flora. Nevertheless, they preserve typical species of the Brazilian Savannah; but, due to their distribution in relicts and been, in part, devastated, some are included in the red list of endangered plants in Parana state, which evidences the importance of conservation and management of these areas

Análise estrutural em relictos de cerrado no parque estadual do Guartelá, município de Tibagi, estado do Paraná, Brasil

This study was accomplished in existing Cerrado's relicts at State Park Guartelá, Tibagi, PR (24°39'10S and 50°15'25W), which represent one of the last extreme-meridional remanescents of this type of formation. Fifty plots with dimensions of 5x5m were allocated for phyto-sociological analysis, including in the sample individuals with height ≥ 1 m, divided into two samples to evaluate the following strata: a) upper-plants with DAS ≥ 3 cm, and b) intermediate - plants with DAS 10cm. The complete survey found 1340 individuals distributed in 28 families, 66 genera and 115 species. The diversity index was higher for the mean component (H'=3.30), followed by the superior component (H'=3.09) and the inferior (H'=2.91). The frequent occurrence of bushes is a remarkable characteristic of the physiognomy of the areas inside the park and 82 % of the populations studied are distributed in aggregated standard. Because it is a marginal region of occurrence of cerrado vegetation, now under the influence of a subtropical climate, more humid and cold, compared to the core area of this biome, it is noted that these areas are characterized by a decrease in stature, richness and diversity of its flora. Nevertheless, they preserve typical species of the Brazilian Savannah; but, due to their distribution in relicts and been, in part, devastated, some are included in the red list of endangered plants in Parana state, which evidences the importance of conservation and management of these areas