Lumbosacral column arthtodesis with a system's implant

Lumbosacral column arthrodesis with bone graft and metallic fixation (A-Systems implant) was carried out in 40 patients with spondylolisthesis and lumbosacral instability of the following types: isthmic-lytic in 13, degenerative in 19, traumatic in 2, pathological in 1, and surgical in 5. Preoperative, immediate postoperative, and late postoperative clinical and radiological evaluation was carried out. Clinical follow-up ranged from 10 to 46 months (mean follow-up: 11 months). Patient's and Physician's overall evaluation showed the following results: good results in 36 (39%) patients; improvement as compared to preoperative condition in 3 (7.5%); unchanged condition in 1 (2.5%); normalized labor capability in 29 (72.5%) patients; improvement of 75% in labor capability in 9 (22.5%) patients; and improvement of 50% in 2 (5%) patients. As for the Prolo rate, an increase to 9-10 (excellent) was seen in 21 (52.5%) patients; an increase to 7 and 8 (good) was seen in 14 (35%); an increase to 5 to 6 (moderate) was found in 5 (12.5%) patients. No patient had a Prolo rate of 2, 3, or 4 (poor). Mean time until return to normal activities ranged from 3 to 12 months (mean: 7 months). As compared to similar methods reported in literature, the implant has been shown to be equaally effective, with the following advantages: simplicity, use at different levels; rigidity following assembly.Foram avaliados 40 pacientes com espondilolistese e instabilidade lombossacra: 13 pacientes do tipo ístmica-lítica, 19 do tipo degenerativa, 2 pacientes do tipo traumática, 1 tipo do patológica, e 5 do tipo cirúrgica, nos quais foram realizadas 40 artrodeses da coluna lombossacra com enxerto ósseo e fixação metálica com o implante A-Systems. A avaliação dos pacientes foi realizada clínica e radiograficamente, nos períodos pré-operatório, pós-operatório imediato e pós-operatório tardio. O tempo de acompanhamento clínico máximo foi de 46 meses, o mínimo de 10 meses, obtendo-se um acompanhamento médio de 11 meses. A avaliação global tanto do ponto vista do paciente como da equipe médica mostrou que: 36 (90%) dos pacientes obtiveram bom resultado; três pacientes (7,5%) apresentaram melhora em relação ao pré-operatório e um paciente (2,5%) não obteve melhora. Vinte e nove pacientes (72,5%) tiveram sua capacidade de trabalho normalizada, nove (22,5%) pacientes tiveram sua capacidade melhorada em 75% e dois (5%) pacientes tiveram a capacidade melhorada em 50%. Vinte e um pacientes (52,5%) tiveram o índice de Prolo aumentado entre 9 e 10 (excelente); 14 (35%) tiveram índice de Prolo aumentado para 7 e 8 (bom); em 5 (12,5%) o índice ficou entre 5 e 6 (regular) e nenhum paciente teve índice 2, 3 ou 4 (mau). O tempo médio de retorno para as atividades normais variou de três a doze meses, com uma média de sete meses. Em comparação com métodos similares relatados pela literatura, o implante mostrou-se tão eficiente quanto eles, com as vantagens da simplicidade, da possibilidade de ser usado em vários níveis e da rigidez após montado.Pontíficia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul Hospital São Lucas Serviço de Ortopedia e TraumatologiaUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de Ortopedia e TraumatologiaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de Ortopedia e TraumatologiaSciEL

Effects of ganglioside G(M1) and erythropoietin on spinal cord lesions in rats: functional and histological evaluations

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the functional and histological effects of ganglioside G(M1) and erythropoietin after experimental spinal cord contusion injury. METHODS: Fifty male Wistar rats underwent experimental spinal cord lesioning using an NYU-Impactor device and were randomly divided into the following groups, which received treatment intraperitoneally. The G(M1) group received ganglioside G(M1) (30 mg/kg); the erythropoietin group received erythropoietin (1000 IU/kg); the combined group received both drugs; and the saline group received saline (0.9%) as a control. A fifth group was the laminectomy group, in which the animals were subjected to laminectomy alone, without spinal lesioning or treatment. The animals were evaluated according to the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) scale, motor evoked potential recordings and, after euthanasia, histological analysis of spinal cord tissue. RESULTS: The erythropoietin group had higher BBB scores than the G(M1) group. The combined group had the highest BBB scores, and the saline group had the lowest BBB scores. No significant difference in latency was observed between the three groups that underwent spinal cord lesioning and intervention. However, the combined group showed a significantly higher signal amplitude than the other treatment groups or the saline group (

Evaluation of the effects of erythropoietin and interleukin-6 in rats submitted to acute spinal cord injury

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and erythropoietin (EPO) in experimental acute spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. METHODS: Using standardized equipment, namely, a New York University (NYU) Impactor, a SCI was produced in 50 Wistar rats using a 10-g weight drop from a 12.5-mm height. The rats were divided into the following 5 groups of 10 animals each: ‘‘Group EPO’’, treated with erythropoietin only; ‘‘Group EPO + IL-6’’, treated with both substances; ‘‘Group IL-6’’, receiving IL-6 administration only; ‘‘Group Placebo’’, receiving a placebo solution; and ‘‘Group Sham’’, submitted to an incomplete procedure (only laminectomy, without SCI). All drugs and the placebo solution were administered intraperitoneally for three weeks. The animals were followed up for 42 days. Functional motor recovery was monitored by the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scale on days 2, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42. Motor-evoked potential tests were performed on the 42nd day. Histological analysis was performed after euthanasia. RESULTS: The group receiving EPO exhibited superior functional motor results on the BBB scale. IL-6 administration alone was not superior to the placebo treatment, and the IL-6 combination with EPO yielded worse results than did EPO alone. CONCLUSIONS: Using EPO after acute SCI in rats yielded benefits in functional recovery. The combination of EPO and IL-6 showed benefits, but with inferior results compared to those of isolated EPO; moreover, isolated use of IL-6 resulted in no benefit

Evaluation of the effect of intrathecal GM1 in 24, 48, and 72 hours after acute spinal cord injury in rats

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the best timing and feasibility of intrathecal application of sodium monosialoganglioside (GM1) after spinal cord contusion in Wistar rats as an experimental model. Methods: Forty Wistar rats were submitted to contusion spinal cord injury after laminectomy. The animals were randomized and divided into four groups: Group 1 – Intrathecal application of GM1 24 hours after contusion; Group 2 – Intrathecal application of GM1 48 hours after contusion; Group 3 – intrathecal application of GM1 72 hours after contusion; Group 4 – Sham, with laminectomy and intrathecal application of 0.5 mL of 0.9% saline solution, without contusion. The recovery of locomotor function was evaluated at seven different moments by the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) test. They were also assessed by the horizontal ladder, with sensory-motor behavioral assessment criteria, pre-and postoperatively. Results: This experimental study showed better functional scores in the group submitted to the application of GM1, with statistically significant results, showing a mean increase when evaluated on known motor tests like the horizontal ladder and BBB, at all times of evaluation (p < 0.05), especially in group 2 (48 hours after spinal cord injury). Also, fewer mistakes and slips over the horizontal ladder were observed, and many points were achieved at the BBB scale analysis. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that the intrathecal application of GM1 after spinal cord contusion in Wistar rats is feasible. The application 48 hours after the injury presented the best functional results

Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Combined with Methylprednisolone Improves Functional Outcomes in Rats with Experimental Acute Spinal Cord Injury

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of combined treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and methylprednisolone in rats subjected to experimental spinal cord injury. METHODS: Forty Wistar rats received a moderate spinal cord injury and were divided into four groups: control (no treatment); G-CSF (G-CSF at the time of injury and daily over the next five days); methylprednisolone (methylprednisolone for 24 h); and G-CSF/Methylprednisolone (methylprednisolone for 24 h and G-CSF at the time of injury and daily over the next five days). Functional evaluation was performed using the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan score on days 2, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 following injury. Motor-evoked potentials were evaluated. Histological examination of the spinal cord lesion was performed immediately after euthanasia on day 42. RESULTS: Eight animals were excluded (2 from each group) due to infection, a normal Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan score at their first evaluation, or autophagy, and 32 were evaluated. The combination of methylprednisolone and G-CSF promoted greater functional improvement than methylprednisolone or G-CSF alone (

Estrategias para el desarrollo de contenido educativo 3D: Producción de animaciones modeladas por ordenador utilizando software libre

Este artículo presenta los resultados preliminares de la utilización de herramientas computacionales orientadas hacia el desarrollo de contenido 3D, en particular para la educación, en una Institución de Educación Superior en la ciudad de Mogi Guaçu/SP/Brasil, la Faculdade Municipal “Professor Franco Montoro”. Para ello, tenemos la intención de utilizar un conjunto de herramientas basadas en software libre, de calidad excelente y con un gran potencial para el desarrollo de las aplicaciones propuestas. Como primer resultado de este proyecto, se presentan los resultados de un experimento donde los estudiantes del curso de  Graduación en Ciéncias Informáticas han desarrollado una serie de animaciones modeladas por ordenador con la utilización de software libre. En este contexto, se prevé la creación de nuevas "células" para el desarrollo de animaciones y simulaciones con la participación de los alumnos interesados en este ámbito profesional, ya sean profesionales actuantes en el área de computación, o no

Análise biomecânica das fixações atlantoaxiais: estudo experimental

Introdução: o tratamento cirúrgico de pacientes com fraturas do processo odontoide tem sido controverso. As principais técnicas cirúrgicas para o segmento C1-C2 incluem além da artrodese cervical (aramagem tipo Gallie, parafusos transarticulares e aramagem tipo 88), a fixação direta com parafuso no processo odontoide. Objetivo: comparar a estabilidade mecânica destes quatro tipos de osteossínteses do segmento atlantoaxial (C1-C2). Metodologia: vinte segmentos atlantoaxiais de cadáveres humanos adultos forampreparados com fraturas do tipo 2 de Anderson e D’Alonso e divididos em quatro grupos: aramagem tipo Gallie (aG); parafusos transarticulares (pT); parafuso no processo odontoide (pD); aramagem tipo 88 (a88). Os corpos de prova foram submetidos a esforçosde flexocompressão em máquina universal de ensaios mecânicos para análise de resistência, elasticidade e deformações. Resultados: na fase de acomodação, os parafusos no processo odontoide apresentaram pouquíssima mobilidade com cargas baixas. Na fase deelasticidade, não houve diferença significativa entre as construções testadas. Com relação à resistência máxima suportada pelas construções, houve uma diferença estatisticamente significativa a favor da aramagem tipo Gallie. Conclusão: nossos testes mostraramque em relação à acomodação houve diferença significativa entre a aramagem tipo Gallie e o parafuso no processo odontoide; e quanto à resistência máxima, entre a aramagem tipo Gallie e o parafuso transarticular

Modelo experimental de transplante de células do sistema nervoso central fetal para lesão de medula espinal em ratos

INTRODUCTION: Traumatic spinal cord injury is one of the most disabling conditions occurring in man and thus stimulates a strong interest in its histopathological, biochemical, and functional changes, primarily as we search for preventive and therapeutic methods. PURPOSE: To develop an experimental model for transplantation of cells from the fetal rat central nervous system to the site of an injured spinal cord of an adult rat in which the transplanted cells survive and become integrated. This experimental model will facilitate investigations of factors that promote regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cord trauma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifteen adult Wistar rats underwent laminectomy, and an spinal cord lesion was made with microdissection. Fetal spinal cord tissue was then transplanted to the site of the injury. The rats were monitored over a 48-hour period, and then their vertebral column was completely removed for histological analysis. RESULTS: In 60% of transplanted rats, the fetal tissue at the injured site remained viable in the site of the lesion.INTRODUÇÃO: A lesão traumática da medula espinal consiste numa das mais incapacitantes lesões que o ser humano pode sofrer e tem despertado grande interesse no conhecimento das alterações histopatológicas, bioquímicas, funcionais e principalmente na busca de métodos de prevenção e tratamento. OBJETIVO: Propor um modelo experimental de transplante de células do sistema nervoso fetal de ratos para o sítio de lesão medular de ratos adultos que permitisse sua sobrevivência e integração para possibilitar protocolos de pesquisa para identificar outros fatores de regeneração e recuperação funcional pós trauma raquimedular. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Utilizaram-se 15 ratos adultos que foram submetidos a laminectomia e lesão de 5mm de hemimelula realizada com auxílio de microscópio óptico. Os ratos tiveram seu sítio de lesão medular transplantado com células do sistema nervoso central de fetos de rato. Os ratos foram monitorados por 48 horas e tiveram sua coluna vertebral extraída para análise histológica. RESULTADOS: Demostrou-se que em 60% dos casos as células transplantadas permaneciam viáveis no sítio da lesão

Cervicalgias

Cervicalgia may be the result of muscle-skeletal, neurologic and visceral abnormalities affecting the cervical structures or systemic diseases. The muscle-skeletal diseases, specialy the myofascial pain syndromes are the most common reasons of cervical pains. The rich innervation and the mobilidity of the cervical structures trads the fadigue. Cervicalgia may be acute and regional or chronic, associated with widespread pain. Physical examination is more imporant for the diagnosis than the image and laboratory exames.A cervicalgia pode ser decorrente de condições sistêmicas, ou de anormalidades viscerais, músculo-esqueléticas ou neurológicas envolvendo a região cervical. Muitas vezes, entretanto, os exames laboratoriais, eletrofisiológicos e de imagem não identificam precisamente sua origem. Além disto muitas anormalidades, especialmente evidenciadas nos exames de imagem, não são relacionadas às condições álgicas. A região cervical apresenta intensa mobilidade o que condiciona fadiga e degeneração de estruturas regionais ricamente inervadas. A cervicalgia músculo-esquelética pode ser aguda, auto-limitada, ou crônica e, freqüentemente, é associada à dor em outras regiões. O diagnóstico clínico mais que os exames complementares são de grande importância no diagnóstico das razões da ocorrência das cervicalgias