Detectability of shape deformation in short-period exoplanets

Context Short-period planets are influenced by the extreme tidal forces of their parent stars. These forces deform the planets causing them to attain nonspherical shapes. The nonspherical shapes, modeled here as triaxial ellipsoids, can have an impact on the observed transit light-curves and the parameters derived for these planets. Aims We investigate the detectability of tidal deformation in short-period planets from their transit light curves and the instrumental precision needed. We also aim to show how detecting planet deformation allows us to obtain an observational estimate of the second fluid Love number from the light curve, which provides valuable information about the internal structure of the planet. Methods We adopted a model to calculate the shape of a planet due to the external potentials acting on it and used this model to modify the ellc transit tool. We used the modified ellc to generate the transit light curve for a deformed planet. Our model is parameterized by the Love number; therefore, for a given light curve we can derive the value of the Love number that best matches the observations. Results We simulated the known cases of WASP-103b and WASP-121b which are expected to be highly deformed. Our analyses show that instrumental precision ≤50 ppm min−1 is required to reliably estimate the Love number and detect tidal deformation. This precision can be achieved for WASP-103b in ∼40 transits using the Hubble Space Telescope and in ∼300 transits using the forthcoming CHEOPS instrument. However, fewer transits will be required for short-period planets that may be found around bright stars in the TESS and PLATO survey missions. The unprecedented precisions expected from PLATO and JWST will permit the detection of shape deformation with a single transit observation. However, the effects of instrumental and astrophysical noise must be considered as they can increase the number of transits required to reach the 50 ppm min−1 detection limit. We also show that improper modeling of limb darkening can act to bury signals related to the shape of the planet, thereby leading us to infer sphericity for a deformed planet. Accurate determination of the limb darkening coefficients is therefore required to confirm planet deformation

Diagnósticos de enfermagem e proposta de intervenções para pacientes com lesão medular Diagnósticos de enfermería y propuesta de intervenciones para pacientes con lesión medular Nursing diagnoses and interventions proposal al for patients with spinal cord lesion

INTRODUÇÃO: As lesões medulares constituem evento grave que acomete principalmente jovens, requerendo um planejamento cuidadoso da assistência de enfermagem Este estudo tem a finalidade de contribuir nesse planejamento, oferecendo subsídios para melhorar a qualidade do cuidado desses pacientes. OBJETIVOS: Identificar os diagnósticos de enfermagem, segundo a NANDA, em portadores de lesão medular internados numa Unidade de Ortopedia e Traumatologia; e propor as intervenções de enfermagem, conforme a NIC. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo prospectivo, com 10 casos analisados no período de janeiro/2000 a julho/2002. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um instrumento criado para uso na unidade de estudo, identificando-se os diagnósticos de enfermagem. As intervenções foram propostas pelas autoras e submetidas à avaliação de duas especialistas. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados 15 diagnósticos de enfermagem prevalentes, para os quais foram propostas 26 intervenções de enfermagem. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados poderão subsidiar as enfermeiras ao cuidado do paciente com lesão medular, auxiliando-o e contribuindo à sua autonomia, através das intervenções propostas.<br>INTRODUCCIÓN: Las lesiones medulares constituyen un evento grave que afecta, en su mayoría, a los jóvenes, las cuales requirien una planificación cuidadosa para la atencion de enfermeria. Este estudio tiene la finalidad de contribuir con subsidios para mejorar la calidad de los cuidados prestados a esos pacientes. OBJETIVOS: Identificar los diagnósticos de enfermería, según la taxonomía de la NANDA, en pacientes con lesión medular, internados en una Unidad de Ortopedia y Traumatología; y proponer las intervenciones de enfermería, conforme el referencial de la NIC. MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo prospectivo en el cual fue analizado un total de 10 casos, en el período de enero/2000 a julio/2002. Los datos fueron recolectados por medio de un instrumento creado para uso en la unidad de estudio, con la finalidad de identificar los diagnósticos de enfermería. Las intervenciones fueron propuestas por las autoras y sometidas a la evaluación de dos especialistas. RESULTADOS: Fueron identificados 15 diagnósticos de enfermería prevalentes, para los cuales se propusieron 26 intervenciones de enfermería. CONCLUSIÓN: Los resultados del estudio servirán de subsidio a las enfermeras para el cuidado de pacientes con lesión medular, auxiliándolos y contribuyendo en su autonomía, a través de las intervenciones propuestas.<br>INTRODUCTION: Spinal cord lesions constitute very serious events that occur mostly among young people. Providing care to these patients is a complex task because they are greatly dependent on nursing staff and require a very carefully designed plan of care. The purpose of this study was to contribute ways to design a quality plan of care to attend these patients. OBJECTIVES: To identify nursing diagnoses according to the NANDA for patients with spinal cord lesions from an Orthopedic and Trauma Unit, and to propose appropriate nursing interventions according to the NIC. METHODS: This study used a descriptive and prospective research design. The sample consisted of 10 patients with spinal cord lesions. Data were colleted from January, 2000 to July, 2002 using a specific assessment tool. Data analysis led the researchers to propose nursing diagnoses which were validated by two clinical nursing specialists. RESULTS: Fifteen prevalent nursing diagnoses were identified and 26 nursing interventions were proposed. CONCLUSION: The results can be used to assist nurse to provide quality care for patients with spinal cord lesions, so as to improve the patients independence

Unveiling the Role of Oxidation Debris on the Surface Chemistry of Graphene through the Anchoring of Ag Nanoparticles

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)The surface microchemical environment of graphene oxide (GO) has so far been oversimplified for understanding practical purposes. The amount as well as the accurate identification of each possible oxygenated group on the GO surface are difficult to describe not only due to the complex chemical nature of the oxidation reactions but also due to several intrinsic variables related to the production and chemical processing of GO-based materials. However, to advance toward a more realistic description of the GO chemical environment, it is necessary to distinguish the oxygenated fragments with very peculiar characteristics that have so far been treated as simply graphene oxide.. In this way, small oxidized graphitic fragments adsorbed on the GO surface, named oxidation debris or carboxylated carbonaceous fragments (CCFs), have been here separated from commercially available GO. Spectroscopy and microscopy results indicated that the chemical nature of these fragments is different from that of GO. By using the decoration of GO with silver nanoparticles as a conceptual model, it was seen that the presence of oxidation debris on the GO surface greatly influences the associated kinetic processes, mainly due to the nucleation and stabilization capacity for silver nanoparticles provided by the oxidation debris fragments. Consequently, when CCFs are present, Ag nanoparticles are significantly smaller and less crystalline. Considering the GO microchemical environment pointed out here, these findings can be qualitatively extrapolated to all other covalent and noncovalent functionalizations of GO.242140804087Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)FuncapINCT-InomatINCT-NanoBioSimesBrazilian Nanotoxicology Network (CiGeNanotox)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Classificação das intervenções de enfermagem Nursing interventions classification

A enfermagem nos últimos anos está procurando classificar seus diagnósticos, intervenções/ações e seus resultados. O presente trabalho se propõe a apresentar uma das Classificações das Intervenções de Enfermagem propostas por enfermeiras da Universidade de Iowa desde 1987, denominada de Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC) e ainda as razões para sua existência, contribuindo assim com a divulgação de uma das mais avançadas propostas em classificação das intervenções de enfermagem.<br>During the last years, Nursing is selking to classify its diagnoses, interventions/actions and outcomes. Here is presented one of the classifications of nursing interventions that was proposed by nurses of the University of Iowa in 1987, the Nursing Interventions Classifications (NIC) as well as the reasons os its creation, in order to contribute to the dissemination of one of the most advanced proposals for classifying nursing interventions