Determinants of West African international agricultural trade

Agricultural production is clearly an important component of West African international trade. Purpose here is to identify determinants of West African international trade flows. For this, the expanded Structural Gravity model was used. The overall pattern of international agricultural transactions in this region is dominated by extra-regional transactions and there are differences between intra- and extra-regional determinants. In global transactions, flows are higher among the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) member countries and the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) does not significantly affect those flows. On the other hand, ECOWAS does not have significant impact on intra-regional agricultural trade and flows are greater among WAEMU member countries

Uma análise da alocação de contratos futuros sobre commodities em portfólios diversificados

This paper analyzed the impact of including commodity futures (arabica coffee, soybean, corn, crystal sugar, ethanol and fed cattle), negotiated at Securities, Commodity and Futures Exchange (BM&FBovespa), in the performance of a diversified portfolio, composed by stocks, bonds, gold and dollar, between August of 1994 and December of 2007, when were studied the complete time break and subdivisions of two and three periods, adding a biannual analysis. Different strategies with these derivatives were considered: buy and hold or sell and hold contracts of first settlement or that took six months to maturity. Using the Portfolio Theory, results in biannual analysis and over the time periods 1994-1998 and 1999-2003 showed improvement in portfolio efficiency, but without statistical significance, according methodology used by Gibbons, Ross e Shanken (1989).O trabalho analisou o impacto da introdução dos contratos futuros agropecuários (de café arábica, soja, milho, açúcar cristal, etanol e boi gordo), negociados na Bolsa de Valores, Mercadorias e Futuros - BM&FBovespa, no risco e no retorno de uma carteira diversificada, composta por ações, títulos, ouro e dólar, entre agosto de 1994 e dezembro de 2007. Foram realizados estudos para o intervalo de tempo completo e para subdivisões de dois e três períodos, além de uma análise bianual. Foram consideradas quatro diferentes estratégias com tais derivativos: posições compradas e vendidas em contratos de primeiro vencimento e de prazos superiores a seis meses. Com o uso da Teoria do Portfólio, observaram-se expansões da fronteira eficiente na análise bianual e para os períodos 1994-1998 e 1999-2003, porém estas não foram estatisticamente significativas, conforme metodologia de Gibbons, Ross e Shanken (1989)481195222This paper analyzed the impact of including commodity futures (arabica coffee, soybean, corn, crystal sugar, ethanol and fed cattle), negotiated at Securities, Commodity and Futures Exchange (BM&FBovespa), in the performance of a diversified portfolio, composed by stocks, bonds, gold and dollar, between August of 1994 and December of 2007, when were studied the complete time break and subdivisions of two and three periods, adding a biannual analysis. Different strategies with these derivatives were considered: buy and hold or sell and hold contracts of first settlement or that took six months to maturity. Using the Portfolio Theory, results in biannual analysis and over the time periods 1994-1998 and 1999-2003 showed improvement in portfolio efficiency, but without statistical significance, according methodology used by Gibbons, Ross e Shanken (1989

Risks associated with a double-cropping production system – a case study in southern Brazil

This study assessed the risk exposure of the production system of a typical farm in southern Brazil. Five possible production systems were analyzed, combining three crops (soybeans, corn seasons and wheat) in different crop-year combinations, for example: “Summer soybeans followed by corn” and “Autumn corn followed by winter wheat”. Five different production systems were created based on the intensity of land use for each of the crops. Primary data were collected from a typical farm in the producing region over eight seasons (2006/07 to 2013/14). The Monte Carlo simulation technique was used to evaluate negative Net Operating Revenue (NOR) risk. The results showed that the production system with soybean and first season corn had a higher NOR and lower risk when compared with the other four production systems, which intensified the land use in the second season. When the production system had a higher rate of corn and/or wheat, the NOR and the risk to the production system increased for the first or second crop. Both corn and wheat in the second crop increased the risk to the production system on the typical farm in Cascavel, in the state of Parana (PR)

Participação feminina e diferenciais de rendimento no mercado de trabalho do agronegócio

Frente às mudanças que têm afetado o agronegócio brasileiro e às transições no papel da mulher na sociedade, esse estudo mede e avalia a participação feminina nesse setor e analisa o perfil e os diferenciais de rendimentos dessa mão de obra, utilizando dados das PNADs de 2004 a 2015. A participação feminina no agronegócio cresceu, impulsionada por mulheres mais qualificadas e resultando em crescimento dos rendimentos.                                     In view of the changes that have affected Brazilian agribusiness and the transitions in the role of women in society, this study measures and evaluates female participation in this sector and analyzes the profile andincome differentials of this workforce, using PNAD data from 2004 to 2015. Female participation in the sector grew, driven by more skilled women and resulting in significant earnings growth

Impactos Dinâmicos dos Fatores de Produção e da Produtividade sobre a Função de Produção Agrícola

This study analyzes the dynamic impacts of the production factors capital, labor and lands as well as total factor productivity (TFP) in agriculture economic growth for the period from 1972 to 2009. The results suggest that as the TFP increases labor decreases, and that the modernization of agriculture has brought technological innovations that uses less labor in the production process. The variance historical decomposition of forecast errors indicated that during the 1970´s and 1980´s, agricultural product was larger than expected. This was only possible due to the high productivity’s gains occurred at that time. During the 1990´s and 2000´s, while productivity continued to increase the potential output growth, factors such as low investment and decreasing land expansion limited the agricultural economic growth, which was lower than expected

Produtividade e eficiência agrícola nos Países Africanos de Língua Oficial Portuguesa (Palop) e Timor-Leste

The Portuguese-Speaking African Countries (Palop) and East Timor are countries in the early stages of development with a strong presence of agricultural sector in their economies. The objective of this study is to investigate the agricultural productivity and efficiency of these countries. The Stochastic Frontier procedure was used to estimate the agricultural production frontier for Palop and East Timor, from which the Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Index (IPTF) was determined. In the Palop and East Timor, Total Agricultural Factor Productivity (TFP) is low against the technological availability in the sector worldwide. The dominance of small production makes efficiency the most important component of the sector’s performance in these countries

Impactos Dinâmicos dos Fatores de Produção e da Produtividade sobre a Função de Produção Agrícola

This study analyzes the dynamic impacts of the production factors capital, labor and lands as well as total factor productivity (TFP) in agriculture economic growth for the period from 1972 to 2009. The results suggest that as the TFP increases labor decreases, and that the modernization of agriculture has brought technological innovations that uses less labor in the production process. The variance historical decomposition of forecast errors indicated that during the 1970´s and 1980´s, agricultural product was larger than expected. This was only possible due to the high productivity’s gains occurred at that time. During the 1990´s and 2000´s, while productivity continued to increase the potential output growth, factors such as low investment and decreasing land expansion limited the agricultural economic growth, which was lower than expected

Impactos Dinâmicos dos Fatores de Produção e da Produtividade sobre a Função de Produção Agrícola

This study analyzes the dynamic impacts of the production factors capital, labor and lands as well as total factor productivity (TFP) in agriculture economic growth for the period from 1972 to 2009. The results suggest that as the TFP increases labor decreases, and that the modernization of agriculture has brought technological innovations that uses less labor in the production process. The variance historical decomposition of forecast errors indicated that during the 1970´s and 1980´s, agricultural product was larger than expected. This was only possible due to the high productivity’s gains occurred at that time. During the 1990´s and 2000´s, while productivity continued to increase the potential output growth, factors such as low investment and decreasing land expansion limited the agricultural economic growth, which was lower than expected

Produtividade e eficiência agrícola nos Países Africanos de Língua Oficial Portuguesa (Palop) e Timor-Leste

The Portuguese-Speaking African Countries (Palop) and East Timor are countries in the early stages of development with a strong presence of agricultural sector in their economies. The objective of this study is to investigate the agricultural productivity and efficiency of these countries. The Stochastic Frontier procedure was used to estimate the agricultural production frontier for Palop and East Timor, from which the Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Index (IPTF) was determined. In the Palop and East Timor, Total Agricultural Factor Productivity (TFP) is low against the technological availability in the sector worldwide. The dominance of small production makes efficiency the most important component of the sector’s performance in these countries