A New Assessment for Activities of Daily Living in Spanish Schoolchildren: A Preliminary Study of its Psychometric Properties

We want to thank all the participants who kindly dedicated their time to help us in this research.Background: Activities of daily living (ADL), which are divided into basic (BADL) and instrumental (IADL), allows us to survive and to live in the society. Cognitive skills are a key aspect in BADL outcomes. After reviewing existing BADL tools for Spanish schoolchildren, issues such as not covering the full age range or not having a BADL-centred vision were found. We aim to develop a new tool for BADL assessment in Spanish schoolchildren. Methods: The new tool was administered to 375 participants (47.2% boys and 52.8% girls) from 6 to 12 years of age. Analyses were carried out to find out the structure (semiconfirmatory factor analysis) and internal consistency (ordinal alpha) of BADL. Results: Four scales formed the instrument (Eating, Personal Hygiene, Getting Dressed, and General Functioning) with an interpretable solution of 12 factors (Manual Dexterity, Proprioception, Oral Sensitivity, Good Manners, Hygiene and Grooming, Toileting Needs Communication, Bladder and Bowel Control, Showering, Independent Dressing Tasks, Full Dressing, Executive Functions, and Self-Regulation) with 84 items + 6 qualitative items for girls. The reliability values obtained were acceptable (.70–.88). Conclusions: The tool seems to be a practical and reliable instrument to assess BADL and cognitive skills during BADL in Spanish schoolchildren.This research was partially funded by Colegio Profesional de Terapeutas Ocupacionales de Extremadura (COPTOEX)

A Novel Tool to Assess Basic Activities of Daily Living in Spanish Preschoolers

Background: Basic activities of daily living (BADLs) are those related to self-care. Their performance depends on the development of sensorimotor and cognitive skills, as well as social and environmental aspects. A good performance in BADLs is required for independence and social participation, so they play an important role in early education and early care. We aim to create a tool for BADLs assessment for Spanish preschoolers. Methods: The tool was administered to 303 participants (48.5% boys and 51.5% girls) between three and six years of age. Analyses to find out the factorial structure and internal consistency was carried out. Results: The instrument was composed of 84 items in four scales (eating, personal hygiene, dressing, and daily functioning) with nine factors (oral sensitivity, good manners, manual dexterity, brushing teeth, toilet management, hygiene and grooming, dressing, higher-order and core executive function). Reliability values were from acceptable to preferred (0.74–0.94). Conclusions: The instrument could be useful and shows preliminary good indicators in construct validity and reliability.Occupational Therapy Association of Extremadura (Colegio Profesional de Terapeutas Ocupacionales de Extremadura

Play in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Psychometric Properties of a Parent Report Measure ‘My Child’s Play’

Play is essential in childhood, allowing for a positive trend in development and learning. Health professionals need useful tools to assess it, especially in the case of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. The aim of this study was to validate and cross-culturally adapt the My Child’s Play questionnaire and to find out if this instrument allows us to differentiate the play of children with neurodevelopmental disorders from the play of children with neurotypical development. A total of 594 parents completed the questionnaire. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted, which showed a similar structure to the English version: (1) executive functions; (2) environmental context; (3) play characteristics; and (4) play preferences and interpersonal interactions. The reliability of the analysis was high, both for the whole questionnaire and for the factors it comprises. The results provide evidence of the potential usefulness of the My Child’s Play questionnaire for determining play needs and difficulties of children; moreover, this tool can also be used to plan intervention programs according to the needs of each child and family

Los docentes que creen en la inclusión educativa ¿tienen una actitud favorable hacia el alumnado de altas capacidades?

A commitment to inclusive education means promoting quality education for all learners. Teachers’ beliefs and attitudes towards inclusion are a factor that can influence the quality of the educational response that learners receive. In the case of gifted and talented students, this relationship has been extensively tested in national and international studies, and it has even been observed that teachers who are more committed to the concept of inclusion do not always have favourable attitudes towards these students (McCoach and Siegle, 2007; Tirri, Tallent-Runnels, Adams, Yuen and Lau (2002). The aim of this study was to test the relationship between teachers’ attitudes towards inclusion and towards students with high abilities and their education. A total of 203 active teachers (56 men and 147 women) from different educational levels, aged between 22 and 74 years, 48.53 (15.5) years, answered two questionnaires: the Questionnaire of teachers’ perceptions about inclusion (Cardona, Gómez-Canet & González-Sánchez, 2000) and Opinions about students with high abilities and their education (Original by Gagné & Nadeau (1991, and adapted by Tourón, Fernández & Reyero, 2002). It was found that younger and better-trained teachers show more favourable attitudes towards inclusion. However, these characteristics do not always coincide when we assess their attitudes towards gifted students.Apostar por la inclusión educativa supone promover una educación de calidad para todo el alumnado. Las creencias y actitudes del profesorado hacia la inclusión constituyen un factor que puede influir sobre la calidad de la respuesta educativa que reciben los alumnos. En el caso de las Altas Capacidades, esta relación se ha visto ampliamente probada en estudios nacionales e internacionales, incluso se observa que el profesorado más comprometido con el concepto de inclusión no siempre tiene actitudes favorables hacia este alumnado (McCoach y Siegle, 2007; Tirri, Tallent-Runnels, Adams, Yuen y Lau (2002). El objetivo de este estudio ha sido comprobar qué relación existe entre las actitudes del profesorado hacia la inclusión educativa y hacia los alumnos/as con altas capacidades y su educación. Participaron 203 profesores/as en activo (56 hombres y 147 mujeres) de distintos niveles educativos, con edades entre los 22 y los 74 años, 48.53 (15.5) años, los cuales respondieron dos cuestionarios: Cuestionario de percepciones del profesorado acerca de la inclusión (Cardona, Gómez-Canet y González-Sánchez, 2000) y Opiniones sobre los alumnos con altas capacidades y su educación (Original de Gagné & Nadeau (1991, adaptado por Tourón, Fernández y Reyero, 2002). Se comprobó que los docentes de menoredad ylos mejor formados muestran actitudes másfavorables hacialainclusión, sin embargo, estas características no siempre coinciden cuando valoramos sus actitudes hacia el alumnado de altas capacidades.

Results From Spain’s 2022 Para Report Cards on Physical Activity of Children and Adolescents With Disabilities

This report aims to provide a better understanding of physical activity (PA) and related factors among Spanish children and adolescents living with disabilities. The 10 indicators used for the Global Matrix on Para Report Cards of children and adolescents living with disabilities were evaluated based on the best available data in Spain. An analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats based on data provision was drafted by three experts and critically reviewed by the authorship team to provide a national perspective for each evaluated indicator. Government was the indicator with the highest grade (C+), followed by Sedentary Behaviors (C−), School (D), Overall PA (D−), and Community & Environment (F). The remaining indicators received an incomplete grade. There were low levels of PA in Spanish children and adolescents living with disabilities. Yet, opportunities to improve the current surveillance of PA among this population exist.9 página

The Obesity Paradox: Associations between the Body Mass Index and Self-Perceived Health, Depression Status, and Pain Level in Older People

Population growth and physical inactivity have led to health and social consequences derived from chronic diseases and decreased quality of life in the elderly. Some research suggests that overweight in older people may not be associated with the negative effects on some health indicators. This study analysed the associations between Self-Perceived Health (SPH), Depression status, Pain Level, and Body Mass Index (BMI) in people over 70 years who are residents in Spain, with a final sample composed of 13,895 participants. A cross-sectional study using data from the European Health Surveys in Spain (EHIS2014 and 2020) and the National Health Survey (ENSE2017) was conducted. Dependency associations were observed between SPH, Depression Status, and Pain Level with BMI in the outcomes from the three surveys analysed (p < 0.001). Negative SPH, Depression Status, and Severe/Extreme Pain Degree prevalence were higher in the Underweight groups, being the lowest in Normal-weight and Overweight groups (p < 0.05). High levels of negative SPH, Depression, and Severe/Extreme Pain risks were found in the Underweight compared to the Normal-weight group, but not in Overweight ones. Overweight was not linked with an increased risk of the conditions analysed compared to the Normal-weight groups in older residents in Spain. The Underweight group presented the highest negative SPH prevalence, Depression, and Severe/Extreme Pain. Moreover, Obesity increased the negative SPH, Depression, and Pain Degree risks compared to the Normal-weight and Overweight groups in this population.The author Á.D.-Z. (FPU20/04201) was supported by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport, Grant FPU20/04201 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, and, as appropriate, by “European Social Fund Investing in your future” or by “European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR”

Science Mapping: A Bibliometric Analysis on Cyberbullying and the Psychological Dimensions of the Self

Cyberbullying prevalence is increasing in the world, being a form of abuse that follows victims into their most intimate settings. Cyberbullying affects victims’ mental health, self-esteem, emotions, and academic performance. Cyberbullies present low levels of self-control and empathy. This research aimed to map scientific research on Cyberbullying and the Psychological Dimensions of the Self. A bibliometric analysis of scientific documents published in journals indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) was performed. Traditional bibliometric laws were applied and VOSviewer was used to generate visualizations. The annual publications followed exponential growth. Computers in Human Behaviour was the journal with the most publications. Researchers from the USA and Spain were the most prolific. Sameer Hinduja and Justin Patchin were the most cited authors. Hence, there is a growing interest among researchers in Cyberbullying and the emotional aspects of children and adolescents. The USA and Spain were the leading countries in research on this subject. Rosario Ortega-Ruiz, Sameer Hinduja and Justin Patchin were the most prolific and influential authors.The APC was funded by the Open Access Program of Universidad de Las Américas. Funding was provided by Internal Research Project Nº812022 of Universidad de Las Americas. The author Á.D.-Z. (FPU20/04201) was supported by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sport. Grants FPU20/04201 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and, as appropriate, by “European Social Fund Investing in your future” or by “European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR”. We also thank the Universidad de Las Américas for their support of the Open Access initiative

Association between body composition and balance in older women

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar e identificar las relaciones existentes entre el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) y el porcentaje graso, con el equilibrio de mujeres mayores que viven en la Comunidad Autónoma de Extremadura, España. Se realizó un estudio transversal con una muestra de 188 mujeres extremeñas mayores de 55 años. Se evaluó el peso, la talla, el porcentaje graso mediante bioimpedancia y el equilibrio tanto dinámico como estático mediante estabilometría. Se realizó un análisis de regresión para evaluar las relaciones existentes entre estas variables, así como su valor predictivo. Los resultados nos informan de la asociación existente entre las variables porcentaje graso e IMC con el equilibrio dinámico, siendo esta última asociación la más significativa estadísticamente. Para concluir, se puede afirmar que existe una relación inversa entre los índices antropométricos IMC y porcentaje de grasa con el equilibrio dinámico.The aim of this study was to evaluate and identify the relationships between Body Mass Index (BMI) and fat percentage, with the balance of older women living in the Autonomous Community of Extremadura, Spain. A cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 188 women over 55 years of age in Extremadura. Weight, height, fat percentage by bioimpedance and both dynamic and static balance by stabilometry were assessed. A regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationships between these variables, as well as their predictive value. The results show an association between the variables fat percentage and BMI and dynamic balance, the latter being the most statistically signifi cant. To conclude, it can be stated that there is an inverse relationship between the anthropometric indices BMI and fat percentage and dynamic balance

Effects of 12-week whole-body vibration training on fear of falling in fibromyalgia sedentary women

El objetivo de este estudio fue comprobar el efecto de 12 semanas de entrenamiento vibratorio de cuerpo completo en plataforma oscilatoria sobre el miedo a caerse en personas con fibromialgia (FM). Cuarenta y una mujeres diagnosticadas con FM (edad: 47±10.5 años) fueron aleatorizadas en dos grupos: vibración mecánica de cuerpo completo (n=21) y control (n= 20). La intervención del grupo experimental consistió en realizar 6 repeticiones a 12,5 Hz, con una frecuencia de 3 sesiones por semana y durante un total de 12 semanas. Se midió el miedo a caerse mediante el cuestionario FES-I y el grado de discapacidad con el Cuestionario de Impacto de Fibromialgia (CIF). Los resultados mostraron que las mujeres con FM presentan mayor miedo a caer que sus homólogos sanos, pero que la realización del programa de vibración mecánica de cuerpo completo, a pesar de reducir el miedo a caerse, no se encontraron diferencias significativas respecto al grupo control. Por tanto, concluimos que las mujeres con FM tienen miedo a caerse y que el programa de entrenamiento vibratorio propuesto no mostró ser útil para reducir el miedo a caer en mujeres sedentarias con FM. Así, se recomienda que los programas de intervención en esta población tengan un carácter multidisciplinar, incluyendo ejercicio físico en combinación con otras estrategias de actividad física o comportamentales y terapia psicológicaThis study aimed to explore the effect of a 12-week whole-body vibration training on the fear of falling in people with fibromyalgia (FM). Forty-one women diagnosed with FM (age: 47±10.5 years) were randomised into two groups: Whole-body vibration (n=21) and control group (n=20). The experimental group intervention consisted of 6 repetitions at 12.5 Hz, 3 sessions per week, during a total of 12 weeks. Fear of falling was measured using the FES-I questionnaire and the degree of disability using the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIC). Results showed that women with FM had a greater fear of falling than their healthy counterparts, but that the whole-body vibration training programme, despite reducing the fear of falling, did not significantly differ from the control group. Therefore, we conclude that women with FM have a fear of falling and that the proposed vibration training programme was not shown to be useful in reducing the fear of falling in sedentary women with FM. Thus, it is recommended that intervention programmes in this population have a multidisciplinary character, including physical activity or exercise in combination with other behavioural strategies or psychological therap

Relationship between barriers to physical activity and physical fitness in adolescents in Extremadura from a gender perspective

En este trabajo se plantea conocer tanto las barreras para la realización de actividad física (AF) como el nivel de condición física (CF) en adolescentes extremeños y la relación entre ambos, examinando posibles diferencias de género. Se realizó un estudio transversal con 67 adolescentes entre 12 y 15 años. Se administraron un cuestionario sobre barreras para la realización de AF y la batería ALPHA-Fitness para CF. Las adolescentes de género femenino manifestaron tener mayores barreras para la realización de AF en comparación con sus compañeros de género masculino en todos los factores, siendo el factor 4, relacionado con las barreras por incompatibilidad con otras tareas, el que muestra diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p=0.016). Con respecto a la CF, los adolescentes masculinos presentaron un mayor índice de masa corporal (IMC), pero mejores puntuaciones en todas las pruebas de la batería ALPHA-Fitness. Se hallaron diferencias significativas en resistencia (p<0.001), fuerza de prensión en mano izquierda (p=0.003) y salto de longitud (p<0.001) a favor de los chicos. Además, se ha encontrado correlaciones inversas entre las barreras para la práctica de AF y la CF entre los factores 2, 3 y 4 y la CF (p < 0.01) en toda la muestra total. Entre las implicaciones prácticas de estos resultados estaría la necesidad de implementar estrategias con perspectiva de género para superar las barreras para la práctica de AFThe aim of this study was to determine the barriers to physical activity (PA) and the level of physical fitness (FC) among adolescents in Extremadura and their relationship to each other, examining potential gender differences. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 67 adolescents between 12 and 15 years of age. A questionnaire on barriers to PA, the ALPHA-Fitness battery for FC and anthropometric measurements were administered. Adolescent girls reported greater barriers to PA than their male peers in all factors, with factor 4, which includes barriers due to incompatibility with other tasks, showing statistically significant differences (p=0.016). With respect to FC, adolescents had a higher body mass index (BMI), but better scores in all tests of the ALPHAFitness battery. Significant differences were found in endurance (p<0.001), left hand grip strength (p=0.003) and long jump (p<0.001) in favour of boys. In addition, inverse correlations between barriers to PA practice and FC were found between factors 2, 3 and 4 and FC (p<0.01) across the total sample. Among the practical implications of these results would be the need to implement gender-sensitive strategies to overcome barriers to PA practic