Prueba de emparejamiento de unidades fonológicas a partir de dibujos: diferencias de rendimiento entre niños prelectores de distinto estrato socioeconómico

Several researchers have demonstrated that phonological awareness is an important factor in reading development and, it has also been confirmed that there is a positive relationship between reading and phonological awareness: evidences reveal that measures of phonological awareness skills in prereaders are related to their later success in reading. In order to detect early difficulties in a phonological awareness a group of 127 prereaders from different socioeconomic environment were asked to identify drawings´ beginning or ending with the same syllable or the same phoneme. The analysis showed statistical differences depending on the unit assesed as well as differences between the two socioeconomic groups tested.Este trabajo se enmarca en las investigaciones sobre lectura que consideran a la conciencia fonológica como un factor esencial en el aprendizaje lector. Con el objetivo de detectar dificultades en la manipulación de unidades subléxicas de manera temprana un total de 127 niños prelectores de Sala de 4 y Sala de 5 de dos escuelas de distinto nivel socioeconómico realizaron una prueba de emparejamiento de sílabas y fonemas a partir de dibujos. Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas de rendimiento según la unidad evaluada así como entre las escuelas de distinto nivel socioeconómico

A avaliação da fluência na leitura: medidas subjetivas e objetivas

La lectura fluida se caracteriza por ser rápida y sin errores. Esto se refleja en lacomprensión y en la expresividad al leer. Este trabajo se propone analizar lafluidez en niños con y sin dificultades para la lectura emparejados en edadcronológica con una tarea de lectura en voz alta y comprensión. Las muestras delectura se analizarán espectrográficamente, se medirán los errores, la presenciade vacilaciones y silabeos y se aplicará una escala subjetiva de fluidez. Losresultados permiten establecer diferencias de rendimiento entre los grupos ymuestran que los niños con dislexia presentan mayor número de pausas y demayor duración. Se observa también que los pacientes cometen más errores ymayor cantidad de silabeos y vacilaciones y esto tiene consecuencias en su bajorendimiento en comprensión lectora. Por último, las evidencias brindadas apartir del análisis espectrográfico, los errores y las vacilaciones y silabeos, y losdatos brindados por la escala de fluidez indican que las medidas subjetivas sonuna herramienta fiable para la evaluación de la fluidez lectora.A fluent reading is fast and accurate, and this can be appreciated in the expressive quality of oral reading and reading comprehension. The purpose of this research is to analyze reading fluency in children with reading disabilities and typical reading developed children aged matched. The children will be assessed with a reading aloud comprehension task. The reading performances will be analyzed spectrografically, reading errors, vacillations and intra-lexical pauses will be measured and a subjective reading fluency scale will be use to evaluate the children´s reading samples. Results show that children with dyslexia make more and longer pauses than typical readers. Patients also make more reading errors and vacillations and intra-lexical pauses. The dyslexics reading performance have consequence in their reading comprehension. Finally, spectrografical data, reading errors, vacillations and intra-lexical pauses, and fluency scale data show that subjective measures of fluency are a reliable tool to assess reading fluency.A leitura fluida se caracteriza por ser rápida e sem erros. Isto se reflete na compreensão e na expressividade ao ler. Este trabalho se propõe a analisar a fluência em crianças com e sem dificuldades para a leitura emparelhados em idade cronológica com uma tarefa de leitura em voz alta e compreensão. As amostras de leitura serão analisadas espectrograficamente, serão medidos os erros, a presença de hesitações e a silabação e se aplicará uma escala subjetiva de fluência. Os resultados permitem estabelecer as diferenças de rendimento entre os grupos e mostram que as crianças com dislexia apresentam maior número de pausas e de maior duração. Se observa também que os pacientes cometem mais erros e maior quantidade de silabação e hesitações, tendo consequências em seu baixo rendimento na compreensão da leitura. Por último, as evidências trazidas pela análise espectrográfica, os erros e as hesitações e silabações, assim como os dados trazidos pela escala de fluência, indicam que as medidas subjetivas são uma ferramenta confiável para a avaliação da fluência na leitura.Fil: Fumagalli, Julieta Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Lingüística; ArgentinaFil: Barreyro, Juan Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Lingüística; ArgentinaFil: Jaichenco, Virginia Irene. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Lingüística; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Fluidez lectora en niños: cuáles son las habilidades subyacentes

Reading fluency is an important component of reading learning process and reading comprehension. Fluency in reading is a construct that involves reading accuracy, expressive reading, speed and reading comprehension. In Spanish there are few tools to assess it so, the aim of this work is to stablish which are the underlying skills of reading fluency in order to obtain information for the future design of a test that evaluates it with texts in Spanish. A group of 172 primary school children from third, fifth and seventh grades with no reading learning disabilities were evaluated. The participants were assessed with five tasks: phonological fluency (FVF), phonological awareness (CF), naming (RAN), word and nonword reading (Lectura de PyNP) and text reading aloud (LVA) from which reading accuracy, speed and comprehension measures were extracted. The results obtained provide information about variables that affect directly (RAN and reading of PyNP) and indirect (CF and FVF) on reading fluency. These data are relevant for the forthcoming design of a battery that allows professionals how to measure this construct.La fluidez lectora es un componente crítico del aprendizaje de la lectura y la comprensión de textos. En español son escasas las herramientas para evaluar este constructo que involucra aspectos relativos a la precisión lectora, la expresividad, la velocidad y la comprensión. A fin de obtener información para el futuro diseño de una batería que evalúe la fluidez a partir de textos en español, este trabajo se propone establecer las habilidades subyacentes a la fluidez. Para tal fin, se evalúo a un total de 172 niños de tercero, quinto y séptimo grado de nivel primario sin dificultades para el aprendizaje de la lectura. Los participantes respondieron cinco tareas: fluidez verbal fonológica (FVF), conciencia fonológica (CF), velocidad de denominación (RAN), lectura de palabras y no palabras (Lectura de PyNP) y lectura en voz alta de un texto (LVA) a partir de la cual se extrajeron medidas de precisión lectora, velocidad y comprensión. Los resultados obtenidos brindan información sobre variables que inciden de manera directa (RAN y Lectura de PyNP) e indirecta (CF y FVF) sobre la fluidez lectora. Estos datos resultan relevantes para el futuro diseño de una batería que permita medir este constructo

Reading fluency: differences between oral and silent reading comprehension

Became a fluent reader is one of the aims of the reading learning process. In previous researches, the relationship between oral and silent reading fluency and text reading comprehension has been investigated with different results. According to the variety of information about the topic, the purpose of this work is to compare oral and silent reading fluency to establish possible differences between reading modalities and the implications for reading comprehension. A sample of 171 children from 3rd, 5th, and 7th grade answered three tasks: a standardized word and non-word reading task, an oral reading comprehension task, and a silent reading comprehension task, both designed ad hoc. In order to compare the three groups of students, time measures and accuracy were calculated for word and no-word reading task, and time and comprehension measures were considered for oral and silent reading comprehension tasks.Fil: Fumagalli, Julieta Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Lingüística; ArgentinaFil: Barreyro, Juan Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología; ArgentinaFil: Jaichenco, Virginia Irene. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Lingüística; Argentin

Helicobacter pylori cagA/vacAs1-m1 strain is associated with high risk of fibrosis in metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease

Introduction and Objectives: Recent studies have suggested an association between H. pylori and metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). We aim to evaluate the association of H. pylori virulence genes with non-invasive markers of liver injury and fibrosis in MASLD subjects.Patients and Methods: A total of 362 dyspeptic patients who underwent gastroscopy were selected. Biochemical, clinical parameters, ultrasound, FIB-4 score, liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE), gastric biopsies, and H. pylori virulence genes (cagA, vacA) were evaluated.Results: A cohort comprised of 61 % women and 39 % men with a median age of 52 (40−60) years. MASLD was observed in 42 %, and H. pylori-positive in 45 %. No differences were observed regarding H. pylori status at comorbid metabolic conditions. In MASLD cohort, H. pylori-positive was associated with higher AST, ALT, FIB-4 and LSM. Indeed, carriers of cagA/vacA-s1/m1-positive allelic combination were associated with higher AST, ALT, FIB-4 and LSM but not cagA/vacA-s1/m1-negative. The OR for high-risk of significant/advanced- fibrosis by VCTE (8 kPa) with H. pylori-positive was 2.56 (95 % CI, 1.2−5.75) and for cagA/vacA-s1/-m1-positive allelic carriers was 4.01 (95 % CI, 1.38−11.56), but non-significant association in cagA/vacA-s1/-m1-negative. After adjusting for age, gender, diabetes, BMI and hypertension the OR for VCTE 8 kPa with H. pylori-positive was 2.43 (95 % CI, 1.88−12.44), and cagA/vacA-s1/m1-positive allelic carriers was 4.06 (95 % CI, 1.22−14.49).Conclusions: In our cohort of FD patients with MASLD, H. pylori was associated with non-invasive markers of liver injury and fibrosis. Carriers of cagA/vacA-s1/m1-positive allelic combination showed an independent risk of significant/advanced fibrosis by VCTE.Fil: Maiorana, Facundo Nicolás. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica. Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Neschuk, Magali. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica. Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Caronia, María Virginia. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica. Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Elizondo, Karina. Instituto Universidad de la Fundación "Héctor Barceló"; ArgentinaFil: Schneider, Adolfo. Instituto Universidad de la Fundación "Héctor Barceló"; ArgentinaFil: Veron, Georgina. Instituto Universidad de la Fundación "Héctor Barceló"; ArgentinaFil: Zapata, Pedro Dario. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica. Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Barreyro, Fernando Javier. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica. Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentin

Syntactic comprehension in aphasia. An evaluation test with relative clauses

Este trabajo tuvo con objetivo probar un instrumento de evaluación de los déficits en la comprensión de oraciones de sujetos con afasia (SCA) en español e investigar si permite distinguir perfiles entre pacientes. Se diseñó una tarea de emparejamiento oración-dibujo y se manipuló el tipo de estructura sintáctica: oraciones con cláusulas relativas de sujeto (RS- El gato que muerde al conejo es rosa) y de objeto (RO- El gato al que muerde el conejo es rosa). La prueba se administró a 151 hablantes nativos de español, divididos en 3 grupos de edad y en 3 niveles de escolaridad como grupo control y a 5 SCA. Los resultados mostraron que en el grupo control existe una fuerte interacción entre el tipo de oración y el nivel de escolaridad, con más errores en las oraciones RO a medida que disminuye el nivel de escolaridad. Tres SCA (AG, RD y RR) se diferenciaron de su grupo de control sólo en las RO, un SCA (OV) en ambas estructuras y el sujeto RC rindió igual que su grupo control en los dos tipos de oraciones. Los datos nos permiten discutir la sensibilidad de la prueba para detectar alteraciones específicas de la comprensión sintáctica de personas con afasia hablantes del español y discriminar pacientes con diferentes perfiles de afasia.This work aimed to test an instrument for the assessment of deficits in sentence comprehension in Spanish and to investigate if it allows distinguishing profiles of individual with aphasia (IWA). A binary sentence-picture matching task was designed and the type of syntactic structure was manipulated: sentences with subject relative clauses (RS- El gato que muerde al conejo es rosa [The cat that bites the rabbit is pink]) and with object relative clauses (RO- El gato al que muerde el conejo es rosa [The cat that the rabbit bites is pink]). The study was administered to 151 native Spanish speakers, divided into 3 age groups and 3 levels of schooling (control group), and 5 IWA. The results showed that in the control group there is an interaction between the type of structure and the level of schooling, with more errors in RO as schooling decreases. Three IWA (AG, RD and RR) differed their corresponding controls only in the ORs, one IWA (OV) differed from the corresponding controls in both structures, and there is no significant difference in performance between subject RC and the corresponding controls for both types of sentences. Data allow us to discuss the sensitivity of the test to detect specific alterations of syntactic comprehension in individuals with aphasia speakers of Spanish and discriminate patients with different types of aphasia

The interplay between Helicobacter pylori infection and rs738409 PNPLA3 in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease

Background: Recent studies have suggested an association between H. pylori and metabolic-disfunction associated fatty liver disease (MASLD). However, epidemiologic studies have yielded inconsistent results. We aim to evaluate the association of H. pylori and G-allele PNPLA3 in MASLD diagnosis, and markers of severity.Methods: A multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted. A total 224 functional dyspepsia (FD) patients cohort who underwent gastroscopy was selected. Biochemical, clinical parameters, ultrasound, FIB-4 score, LSM by VCTE, gastric biopsies, H. pylori status, and rs738409 PNPLA3 were evaluated. A second retrospective cohort of 86 patients with biopsy-proven MASLD who underwent gastroscopy with gastric biopsies was analyzed.Results: In the FD cohort MASLD was observed in 52%, and H. pylori-positive in 51%. H. pylori infection was associated with MASLD prevalence, but in multivariate analyses adjusted for G-allele PNPLA3, it became not significant. Then in MASLD-only dyspeptic cohort, H. pylori infection was significantly linked to elevated serum AST levels and increased liver stiffness measurements, suggesting a potential role in liver injury and fibrosis. Histopathological analysis in biopsy-proven MASLD patients further supported these findings, showing a significant association between H. pylori infection and increased NAS score, fibrosis stage, and prevalence of MASH. Notably, the combination of H. pylori infection and G-allele PNPLA3 appeared to exacerbate MASLD severity beyond individual effects.Conclusions: Our results suggest that H. pylori infection may play a role in the progression of liver injury and fibrosis in patients with MASLD, especially in those with specific genetic predispositions.Fil: Maiorana, Facundo. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Cs.exactas Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Bioquímica Clinica; ArgentinaFil: Neschuk, Magali. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Cs.exactas Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Bioquímica Clinica; ArgentinaFil: Caronia, María Virginia. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Cs.exactas Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Bioquímica Clinica; ArgentinaFil: Elizondo, Karina. Instituto Universidad de la Fundación "Héctor Barceló"; ArgentinaFil: Robledo, María Laura. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan". Servicio de Patología; ArgentinaFil: Schneider, Adolfo. Instituto Universidad de la Fundación "Héctor Barceló"; ArgentinaFil: Veron, Georgina. Instituto Universidad de la Fundación "Héctor Barceló"; ArgentinaFil: Zapata, Pedro Dario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Cs.exactas Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Bioquímica Clinica; ArgentinaFil: Barreyro, Fernando Javier. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Cs.exactas Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Bioquímica Clinica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentin

Habilidades fonoaudiológicas, precisão leitora e velocidade em pacientes com dislexia

La conciencia fonológica es un tema central en lasinvestigaciones sobre lectura y está relacionada conlas dificultades lectoras. Sin embargo, investigacionesrealizadas en distintos sistemas ortográficos señalanque la velocidad de procesamiento también puede seruna causa del déficit lector. En este marco, el propósitode este trabajo fue comparar el rendimiento de cincopacientes disléxicos con el de tres grupos controlesde niños de 1er grado, 3er grado y 5to grado de nivelprimario sin dificultades en el aprendizaje de la lectura.Los participantes normolectores y los pacientes fueronevaluados con tres pruebas que evalúan concienciafonológica diseñada ad hoc y una tarea de lectura depalabras y no palabras estandarizada. Se registrarontanto las respuestas correctas como el tiempo requeridopara la resolución de las tareas. En base a los datos,se pudieron identificar distintos perfiles de rendimiento.Phonological awareness is an important topic in reading research and is related with reading difficulties. However, some researches fulfilled in different orthographic systems show that processing speed can also be a cause of reading difficulties. Within this framework, the purpose of this work was to compare the performance of five Dyslexic patients with the three control groups of children from 1st grade, 3rd grade, and 5th grade of primary school with no reading difficulties. All participants, control groups and patients, were evaluated with three phonological awareness tests designed ad hoc and a standardized word and no word reading test. Data analysis considered correct answers and the time required for the resolution of each task. Taking in account correct answers and time we were able to identify different performance profiles in Dyslexics patients.A consciência fonoaudiológica é um tema central nas investigações sobre leitura e está relacionada com as dificuldades leitoras. No entanto, investigações realizadas em distintos sistemas ortográficos mostram que a velocidade de processamento também pode ser uma causa do déficit de leitura. Neste marco, o propósito deste trabalho foi comparar o rendimento de cinco pacientes disléxicos com o de três grupos controles de crianças de primeiro grau, terceiro grau e quinto grau do nível primário sem dificuldades na aprendizagem da leitura. Os participantes normoleitores e os pacientes foram avaliados com três provas que avaliam consciência fonoaudiológica desenhada ad hoc e uma tarefa de leitura de palavras e não palavras estandarizada. Se registraram tanto as respostas corretas como o tempo requerido para a resolução das tarefas. Com base nos dados, puderam identificar distintos perfis de rendimento nos pacientes disléxicos segundo a quantidade de acertos e a velocidade para resolver as tarefas.Fil: Fumagalli, Julieta Carolina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Lingüística; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Barreyro, Juan Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Jacubovich, Silvia Patricia. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Olmedo, Alicia. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Jaichenco, Virginia Irene. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Lingüística; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Habilidades fonoaudiológicas, precisão leitora e velocidade em pacientes com dislexia

La conciencia fonológica es un tema central en lasinvestigaciones sobre lectura y está relacionada conlas dificultades lectoras. Sin embargo, investigacionesrealizadas en distintos sistemas ortográficos señalanque la velocidad de procesamiento también puede seruna causa del déficit lector. En este marco, el propósitode este trabajo fue comparar el rendimiento de cincopacientes disléxicos con el de tres grupos controlesde niños de 1er grado, 3er grado y 5to grado de nivelprimario sin dificultades en el aprendizaje de la lectura.Los participantes normolectores y los pacientes fueronevaluados con tres pruebas que evalúan concienciafonológica diseñada ad hoc y una tarea de lectura depalabras y no palabras estandarizada. Se registrarontanto las respuestas correctas como el tiempo requeridopara la resolución de las tareas. En base a los datos,se pudieron identificar distintos perfiles de rendimiento.Phonological awareness is an important topic in reading research and is related with reading difficulties. However, some researches fulfilled in different orthographic systems show that processing speed can also be a cause of reading difficulties. Within this framework, the purpose of this work was to compare the performance of five Dyslexic patients with the three control groups of children from 1st grade, 3rd grade, and 5th grade of primary school with no reading difficulties. All participants, control groups and patients, were evaluated with three phonological awareness tests designed ad hoc and a standardized word and no word reading test. Data analysis considered correct answers and the time required for the resolution of each task. Taking in account correct answers and time we were able to identify different performance profiles in Dyslexics patients.A consciência fonoaudiológica é um tema central nas investigações sobre leitura e está relacionada com as dificuldades leitoras. No entanto, investigações realizadas em distintos sistemas ortográficos mostram que a velocidade de processamento também pode ser uma causa do déficit de leitura. Neste marco, o propósito deste trabalho foi comparar o rendimento de cinco pacientes disléxicos com o de três grupos controles de crianças de primeiro grau, terceiro grau e quinto grau do nível primário sem dificuldades na aprendizagem da leitura. Os participantes normoleitores e os pacientes foram avaliados com três provas que avaliam consciência fonoaudiológica desenhada ad hoc e uma tarefa de leitura de palavras e não palavras estandarizada. Se registraram tanto as respostas corretas como o tempo requerido para a resolução das tarefas. Com base nos dados, puderam identificar distintos perfis de rendimento nos pacientes disléxicos segundo a quantidade de acertos e a velocidade para resolver as tarefas.Fil: Fumagalli, Julieta Carolina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Lingüística; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Barreyro, Juan Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Jacubovich, Silvia Patricia. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Olmedo, Alicia. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Jaichenco, Virginia Irene. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Lingüística; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin