21,111 research outputs found
Ultraslow Electron Spin Dynamics in GaAs Quantum Wells Probed by Optically Pumped NMR
Optically pumped nuclear magnetic resonance (OPNMR) measurements were
performed in two different electron-doped multiple quantum well samples near
the fractional quantum Hall effect ground state nu=1/3. Below 0.5K, the spectra
provide evidence that spin-reversed charged excitations of the nu=1/3 ground
state are localized over the NMR time scale of ~40 microseconds. Furthermore,
by varying NMR pulse parameters, the electron spin temperature (as measured by
the Knight shift) could be driven above the lattice temperature, which shows
that the value of the electron spin-lattice relaxation time lies between 100
microseconds and 500 milliseconds at nu=1/3.Comment: 6 pages (REVTEX), 6 eps figures embedded in text; published version;
minor changes to match published versio
Diets of shags Phalacrocorax aristotelis and cormorants P. carbo in Norway and possible implications for gadoid stock recruitment
The diets of shags and cormorants were studied in Norway through analyses of regurgitated pellets. Although this method has many limitations, indications were that both species rely heavily on small gadoids (Gadidae) and sand eels (Ammodytidae) for food throughout their range, but also eat other fish species when available. There was considerable dietary overlap between species, despite a
tendency for cormorants to eat larger fish and more benthic items than shags. Predation by shags and cormorants could be a factor limiting the recruitment of cod and saithe into what are now severely reduced, but commercially important stocks in the Norwegian and Barents Seas
Holonomy observables in Ponzano-Regge type state sum models
We study observables on group elements in the Ponzano-Regge model. We show
that these observables have a natural interpretation in terms of Feynman
diagrams on a sphere and contrast them to the well studied observables on the
spin labels. We elucidate this interpretation by showing how they arise from
the no-gravity limit of the Turaev-Viro model and Chern-Simons theory.Comment: 15 pages, 2 figure
Thirteen Plus One: A Comparison of Global Climate Policy Architectures
We critically review the Kyoto Protocol and thirteen alternative policy architectures for addressing the threat of global climate change. We employ six criteria to evaluate the policy proposals: environmental outcome, dynamic efficiency, cost effectiveness, equity, flexibility in the presence of new information, and incentives for participation and compliance. The Kyoto Protocol does not fare well on a number of criteria, but none of the alternative proposals fare well along all six dimensions. We identify several major themes among the alternative proposals: Kyoto is âtoo little, too fastâ; developing countries should play a more substantial role and receive incentives to participate; implementation should focus on market-based approaches, especially those with price mechanisms; and participation and compliance incentives are inadequately addressed by most proposals. Our investigation reveals tensions among several of the evaluative criteria, such as between environmental outcome and efficiency, and between cost-effectiveness and incentives for participation and compliance.Policy architecture, Kyoto Protocol, Efficiency, Cost effectiveness, Equity, Participation, Compliance
Coded-aperture imaging in nuclear medicine
Coded-aperture imaging is a technique for imaging sources that emit high-energy radiation. This type of imaging involves shadow casting and not reflection or refraction. High-energy sources exist in x ray and gamma-ray astronomy, nuclear reactor fuel-rod imaging, and nuclear medicine. Of these three areas nuclear medicine is perhaps the most challenging because of the limited amount of radiation available and because a three-dimensional source distribution is to be determined. In nuclear medicine a radioactive pharmaceutical is administered to a patient. The pharmaceutical is designed to be taken up by a particular organ of interest, and its distribution provides clinical information about the function of the organ, or the presence of lesions within the organ. This distribution is determined from spatial measurements of the radiation emitted by the radiopharmaceutical. The principles of imaging radiopharmaceutical distributions with coded apertures are reviewed. Included is a discussion of linear shift-variant projection operators and the associated inverse problem. A system developed at the University of Arizona in Tucson consisting of small modular gamma-ray cameras fitted with coded apertures is described
Ab-initio No-Core Gamow Shell Model calculations with realistic interactions
No-Core Gamow Shell Model (NCGSM) is applied for the first time to study
selected well-bound and unbound states of helium isotopes. This model is
formulated on the complex energy plane and, by using a complete Berggren
ensemble, treats bound, resonant, and scattering states on equal footing. We
use the Density Matrix Renormalization Group method to solve the many-body
Schr\"{o}dinger equation. To test the validity of our approach, we benchmarked
the NCGSM results against Faddeev and Faddeev-Yakubovsky exact calculations for
H and He nuclei. We also performed {\textit ab initio} NCGSM
calculations for the unstable nucleus He and determined the ground state
energy and decay width, starting from a realistic NLO chiral interaction.Comment: 17 pages, 14 figures. Revised version. Discussion on microscopic
overlap functions, SFs and ANCs is added. Added references. Accepted for
publication at PR
Band Mapping in One-Step Photoemission Theory: Multi-Bloch-Wave Structure of Final States and Interference Effects
A novel Bloch-waves based one-step theory of photoemission is developed
within the augmented plane wave formalism. Implications of multi-Bloch-wave
structure of photoelectron final states for band mapping are established.
Interference between Bloch components of initial and final states leads to
prominent spectral features with characteristic frequency dispersion
experimentally observed in VSe_2 and TiTe_2. Interference effects together with
a non-free-electron nature of final states strongly limit the applicability of
the common direct transitions band mapping approach, making the tool of
one-step analysis indispensable.Comment: 4 jpg figure
2018 Nebraska Top Efficient Farms
A quarter doesnât buy much these days so itâs easy to dismiss the value, but when 25 cents is what separates the cost of production per bushel of corn between two groups, the difference in net return starts to add up.
In 2018 the net farm income average of all farms included in the Nebraska Farm Business, Inc. group was 261,059 for the group called the Top Efficient Farms, it shows there is a significant difference. The Top Efficient Farms group is a selection of operations included in Nebraska Farm Business, Incâs group that consistently retain more than 20% of gross income as net. These farms are not the highest efficiency farms each year, they are just the most consistent from year-to-year.
Chart 1 shows the trend of net farm income for the last ten years between the two groups. The Top Efficient group consistently keeps more of their gross income than the average of all farms. Both groups have comparable gross farm income so we know that size of the operation is not the difference
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